拉西地平对高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的：观察新的钙拮抗剂拉西地平的降压作用。方法：急性降压实验：将５个月龄雄性卒中型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ（分别经管饲给药１次，拉西地平剂量１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、Ｄ（尼群地平１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、Ｅ（溶媒对照）组，每组１１只，于用药后１、３、５、９、１２、２４小时各测１次收缩压及心率（尾套法）。慢性降压实验：将３个月龄ＳＨＲｓｐ分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ组（剂量同急性降压实验），每组１０只，治疗１４天，于治疗后第２、４、６、８、１０、１２、１４天各测１次收缩压及心率。结果：拉西地平１ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ均可显著降低ＳＨＲｓｐ血压，降压作用分别持续１２～２４小时和９～１２小时，降压作用均强于尼群地平１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，仅轻度增加了心率。结论：拉西地平对ＳＨＲｓｐ降压作用明确，持续时间长。     

应用动态血压监测评价氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压的降压疗效

目的：应用动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）评估氯沙坦（ｌｏｓａｒｔａｎ）５０～１００ ｍｇ,每日１次,对轻、中度原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者的２４小时降压效果。 方法：轻、中度ＥＨ患者 ３３例,服用 ２周安慰剂,坐位舒张压仍在 ９５～１１４ ｍｍＨｇ（１ ｍｍＨｇ＝０．１３３ ｋＰａ）者予氯沙坦５０ ｍｇ／ｄ,服药 ２周末血压下降未达有效标准者氯沙坦增加至 １００ ｍｇ／ｄ,氯沙坦治疗疗程共 ６周。于服安慰剂末及治疗２、４、６周末测诊室血压,于服安慰剂末及治疗６周末应用ＡＢＰＭ。 结果;氯沙坦治疗６周,降压总有效率为８７．５％;２４小时各时点血压均较治疗前显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）,不伴有心率及血压昼夜节律的改变;降低收缩压和舒张压的谷／峰值分别为５２．９％和６３．６％。能明显降低血尿酸（Ｐ＜０．０５）。除１例因头晕中途退出研究外,余不良反应轻微。 结论：氯沙坦 ５０～１００ ｍｇ,每日１次能平稳、有效地控制 ＥＨ患者 ２４小时血压,且患者总体耐受良好。     

福辛普利和依那普利治疗老年人轻中度原发性高血压的比较

目的比较福辛普利和依那普利治疗老年人原发性高血压的疗效和安全性。方法经２周安慰剂导入期，６２例患者服用福辛普利１０ｍｇ１／ｄ或依那普利５ｍｇ１／ｄ，２周后无效则剂量加倍，４周后如仍无效则加服双氢克尿噻２５ｍｇ１／ｄ。结果两组药物均能明显降压（Ｐ＜０．００１），福辛普利降压谷峰值比率７３．９％，依那普利为４１．３％，不良反应发生率相似，依那普利有２例因不良反应退出试验。结论对老年患者福辛普利是一种有效、安全且易耐受的降压药，每日一次能维持２４小时降压效应。     

地尔硫缓释剂对高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压及心电图的影响

目的观察地尔硫缓释剂对高血压合并冠心病患者疗效。方法２９例高血压合并冠心病患者口服地尔硫缓释剂９０ｍｇ，２／ｄ，用药４周，应用２４ｈ动态血压和动态心电图观察用药前后血压和缺血性ＳＴ段的变化。结果用药后２４ｈ收缩压（ＳＢＰ）从１４５±９降至１２７±１２ｍｍＨｇ，舒张压（ＤＢＰ）从１０６±１１降至８２±１５ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＳＢＰ负荷由６４±９％降至３８±９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＤＢＰ负荷由５４±１４％降至２９±１０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心肌缺血发作频率从４．３±２．０降至２．３±１．０／２４ｈ，缺血总时间（ｍｉｎ／２４ｈ）从１６．９±３．９降至９．４±２．９，最大ＳＴ段下移由１．４±０．５ｍｍ降为０．８±０．３ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论地尔硫缓释剂能显著改善高血压合并冠心病患者的心肌缺血和降低患者血压。     

非杓型高血压对左心室肥厚的影响及其临床意义

目的：以杓型高血压患者为对照，探讨非杓型高血压在左心室肥厚发生和发展中的作用。方法：应用２４小时动态血压和超声心动图检测２３０例高血压患者，选择年龄、病程、昼间血压基本相同的杓型、非杓型高血压患者１５０例，其中男性各４５例，女性各３０例。结果：非杓型高血压患者舒张末期左心房内径显著大于杓型高血压患者，男性分别为３５．８±２．９ｍｍ与３１．２±２．７ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；女性分别为３２．４±２．５ｍｍ与２９．４±１．８ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。女性杓型、非杓型高血压患者间舒张末期左心室内径的差异（４９．５±３．２ｍｍ与５４．８±３．７ｍｍ，Ｐ＜０．０１）比男性（５３．８±４．６ｍｍ与５７．４±４．５ｍｍ，Ｐ＜０．０５）更为显著。非杓型高血压患者左心室重量指数显著大于杓型高血压患者，男性分别为１５８．０±７．９ｇ／ｍ２与１３０．０±６．７ｇ／ｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０１）；女性分别为１３８．０±５．６ｇ／ｍ２与１１５．０±４．７ｇ／ｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：非杓型高血压患者左心室肥厚的检出率比杓型高血压患者为高。     

老年人24小时动态血压正常值研究

探讨老年人２４ｈ动态血压（２４ｈＡＢＰ）波动规律，波动范围及正常值。方法采用ＢＰ－５０型无袖带式ＡＢＰ监测仪观察健康体检和非高血压住院的老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ变化。结果老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ波动规律呈峰谷变化和昼高夜低的特点。以均值±２个标准差为正常值，其均值范围为（１）２４ｈ平均血压１０９～１３５／６８～８３ｍｍＨｇ；（２）夜间下降率７．０％～１１．８％（ＳＢＰ）／１．２％～４．４％（ＤＢＰ）；（３）血压负荷６．８％～１２．８％／３．７％～６．５％。结论上述三项指标可作为老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ判定标准，大于正常可诊断高血压。     

急性肺损伤大鼠白细胞变形性变化及山莨菪碱影响

目的 探讨多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）变形性变化在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）中的作用机制及山莨菪碱对ＰＭＮ变形性变化的影响。方法 ４４只大鼠通过静脉注射内毒素（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）复制大鼠ＡＬＩ模型，每组分为：（１）内毒素１小时组（８只）；（２）内毒素４小时组（８只）；（３）内毒素６小时组（８只）；（４）山莨菪碱治疗组（８只），注射内毒素后，立即静脉注射山莨菪碱５ｍｇ／ｋｇ；（５）正常对照组（１２只），     

不同血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对老年心衰患者血压的影响

将６０例老年心衰患者随机分为４组，每组１５例，分别口服卡托普利、依那普利、培垛普利和安慰剂。卡托普利首剂６．２５ｍｇ，２４小时后１２．５ｍｇ、一日三次；依那普利首剂２．５ｍｇ，２４小时后５ｍｇ、一日二次；培垛普利首剂２ｍｇ，２４小时后４ｍｇ、一日一次；均连服二周。结果：首剂卡托普利使平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）降低２．２３±０．２７ｋＰａ，依那普利使ＭＡＰ降低２．４７±０．４０ｋＰａ，而培垛普利作用不明显；二周后，卡托普利使ＭＡＰ卧位降低１．７３±０．２７ｋＰａ、立位降低２．１３±０．４０ｋＰａ，依那普利分别降低２．０±０．４０ｋＰａ及２．３９±０．４０ｋＰａ，培垛普利使ＡＭＰ卧位降低０．５３±０．２７ｋＰａ、立位舒张压降低０．８０±０．２７ｋＰａ。表明卡托普利、依那普利降压效果肯定，以首剂降压明显；而培垛普利无首剂降压反应，只出现平缓的舒张压降低作用。     

可乐定透皮控释贴片降压疗效观察

目的用２４ｈ动态血压监测方法评价可乐定透皮控释贴片（Ｃ－ＴＴＳ）的降压疗效。方法轻中度原发性高血压患者１５例，平均年龄５２．１±８．４岁。用安慰剂贴片２周后，改用一贴Ｃ－ＴＴＳ（含量２．５ｍｇ／片，面积２．２７ｃｍ２，日释放量０．１ｍｇ），７天更换贴片。结果６例患者仅用一贴Ｃ－ＴＴＳ血压降至目标血压，１２例患者使用１～３贴血压得到控制，总有效率为８０％。治疗后白天、夜间及２４ｈ平均舒张压均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；白天、夜间及２４ｈ的收缩压和舒张压负荷明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｃ－ＴＴＳ能降低２４ｈ血压，作用时间可达７天，治疗依从性好。     

一次口服单硝酸异山梨酯对心力衰竭患者的急性血液动力学效应

对９他心力衰竭患者（冠心病４例，高血压性心脏病１例，扩张型心肌病４例）一次口服单硝酸异山梨酯２０ｍｇ后，采用有创检查观察急性血液动力学效应，发现用药后半小时显效，１小时效应达高峰时，平均肺动脉压，肺毛细血管嵌压分别从服药前的４．６５±１．１７ｋＰａ（３４．９±８．８ｍｍＨｇ），２．８１±０．９２ｋＰａ（２１．１±６．９ｍｍＨｇ）降至３．００±１．０３ｋＰａ（２２．５±７．７ｍｍＨｇ）及１．７６±０．５４ｋＰａ（１３．２±４．１ｍｍｇ，Ｐ＜０．００１），中心静脉压从１．１９±０．６２ｋＰａ（８．９±４．７ｍｍＨｇ）降至０．６９±０．４６ｋＰａ（５．２±３．５ｍｍＨｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１），肺血管阻力由２９，２２±１４．８９ｋＰａ·ｓ／Ｌ降至１６．９６±８．６６ｋＰａ·ｓ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。药物最大效应持续至少６小时。在服药后０．５～２小时，平均动脉压明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。心率无变化。一次口服未见副作用。提示单硝酸异山梨酯是治疗心力衰竭有前途的新药。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.