Investigation on twisting distortion of thin plate stiffened structure under welding

The welding distortion of thin plate was selected as research subject, which causes loss of dimensional control, structural integrity and increases fabrication costs for straightening. To study the characteristic of the welding distortion on thin plate structures, experiments were conducted. The test model was a thin plate stiffened structure and a large twisting distortion was observed. The welding distortion of the same structure was analyzed as a large deformation problem using a thermal elastic plastic FEM and an elastic FEM based on the concept of inherent deformation. The computed results by both methods showed the twisting distortion which is a typical buckling type deformation and the magnitude of this distortion agreed well with the experimental measurement.     

薄板焊接失稳变形的简化模型及其应用

提出了基于固有应变对接薄板失稳分析的基本方程.通过将固有应变等效为焊缝及热影响区的热载荷,可以进行线性失稳分析确定临界载荷,然后采用非线性失稳分析确定失稳变形的大小.对不同焊接工艺条件下的低碳钢薄板对接焊变形进行了研究,比较了数值分析与试验测量结果,并且数值计算考虑了薄板不平整度的影响.最后,使用该简化的方法对有加强筋板分段结构的焊接变形进行预测.研究表明,基于固有应变等效载荷的失稳变形计算方法是简单、有效的.     

分段角焊缝密性试验

分段角焊缝密性试验是对不开坡口船体水密构件(如舱壁、肋板等)角焊缝根部充气,外面用肥皂水检验,以检查角焊缝渗漏情况的一种气密试验方法.角焊缝密性区域是舱室边界的各种角焊缝接头.这种试验可在片体、分段上进行.当片体、分段组立装配焊接完工后,经焊缝外观检查合格后,就可进行角焊缝密性试验.     

Prediction of welding distortion during assembly process of thin plate structures

0IntroductionApplication of welding process in fabricating largestructures offers several advantages over mechanical joiningmethods such as improved structural performance,flexibil-ity of design,weight reduction and cost savings etc.Inship and automobile …     

焊接变形预测技术研究进展

焊接变形是影响焊接结构质量和生产率的主要问题之一，焊接变形的存在不仅影响着焊接结构的制造过程，而且影响着焊接结构的使用性能。一般认为，焊接过程中材料的不均匀受热、板厚方向的热梯度、材料的局部非协调塑性应变以及焊接残余应力的作用是产生各种焊接变形的根本原因。焊接变形预测方法大都基于有限元分析。文中详述了国内外有关焊接变形预测技术的最新研究进展，具体介绍了热弹塑性有限单元法、固有应变法以及基于传统有限元的优化设计法与人工神经网络模型等先进的焊接变形预测方法。     

Influences of external restraint on welding distortion in low carbon steel bead-on thin plate joints

The out-of-plane deformation is a serious problem in thin-plate welded joint, and it is difficult to reduce or control the distortion during welding process.External restraint is regarded as an effective method to mitigate the distortion, and it is widely used in the actual manufacturing process.In order to investigate the influence of external restraint on welding deformation in thin plate joints, a thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method based on ABAQUS software was developed to calculate welding-induced deformation.Meanwhile, welding deformation in the thin-plate joints was measured by experiments.Through comparing the numerical results with the measured data, the effectiveness of the developed computational approach was verified.Based on the simulated and experimental results, the generation mechanism of the out-of-plane deformation in thin plate bead-on joint was discussed, and the influence of external restraint on the final welding deformation was clarified.     

热源形状参数对薄板焊接残余应力和变形的影响

采用热-弹-塑性有限元方法模拟焊接残余应力和变形时,对于移动热源模型形状参数的选取,在大多数情况下大都是根据研究者的经验来确定.然而对于热源模型形状参数对焊接残余应力和变形的影响尚不十分明确.基于ABAQUS有限元软件,以高强钢SM490A单道TIG焊为例,通过建立三维有限元模型和采用双椭球体积移动热源模型,研究了热源模型形状参数对焊接残余应力和变形的影响.结果表明,热源模型形状参数对焊接残余应力影响较小,而对焊接变形,尤其是对角变形有一定程度的影响.     

Experimental study on distortion of Al-6013 plate after friction stir welding

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments with different panel dimensions and welding parameters have been designed to study the distortion of FSW. The FSW experiments were carried out with a load control facility to make the welding parameters reliable. The distortion of FSW is much smaller than that of arc welding, but it is still very significant. Three-dimensional distortion measuring system was applied to further study distortion trends. The results show that the distortion after FSW is in saddle shape, with convex bending in longitudinal direction and concave bending in transverse direction. This distortion pattern is in contrary with that of traditional arc welding. It is also found that increasing the panel length increases the longitudinal distortion but almost do not influence the transverse distortion. Increasing the rotation speed increases both longitudinal distortion and transverse distortion. The influence of welding speed on distortion is not very clear.     

采用固有应变法预测超薄板的焊接变形

文中以汽车制造中常用的1 mm厚的薄板为分析对象,采用热-弹-塑性有限元分析了焊缝长度对固有变形分布特征的影响,通过比较热-弹-塑性有限元法及固有应变法预测的变形结果,定量分析了焊缝长度对固有应变法预测超薄板焊接变形时计算精度的影响.结果表明,当焊缝长度达到一定临界长度时,固有应变法可适用于板厚为1 mm左右超薄板焊接接头的焊接变形预测.     

Plasma welding of thin plate

The plasma arc has a large arc force (regarded as the plasma force) and keyhole welding is generally performed by the formation of a small hole at the weld pool of a butt joint by making use of this plasma force. Under these circumstances, due to the small footprint area of the plasma heat source and welding by the formation of a keyhole, there is little melting at the joint zone and welding with a narrow bead width becomes feasible. Recently, a new type of plasma welding process has been proposed such that the welding tungsten electrode tip is brought close to the tip of the cooling chip and keyholeless welding is performed, similarly to TIG welding and this process has been made practicable.¹ This process solves the disadvantages of keyhole welding while retaining the advantages of plasma welding and is capable of meeting the requirements of high speed welding. However, it is difficult to apply either method to fillet joints where keyhole formation is difficult due to the problems of the large plasma force and the torch structure. In either case, the large plasma force due to the plasma passing through the cooling chip small hole is surmised to be intimately associated with the weld morphology due to plasma welding.     

薄铜板对接TIG焊工艺试验研究

针对铜薄板的焊接进行研究,分析了铜薄板对接易出现的问题,根据焊接工艺特点确定采用TIG焊进行焊接工艺试验;深入探讨焊接工艺参数的选取及其焊接缺陷等.实验结果表明,对于薄板焊接,焊接速度和焊接电流对焊接效果影响很大.在合适的参数下,焊缝成形良好,可以作为生产实际应用的依据.     

计算机数值模拟控制超厚板焊接变形的工艺研究

采用固有应变数值模拟方法对风力发电法兰件超厚板对接焊接变形进行研究.结果表明:针对不同坡口形式,采用数值模拟技术可预测焊接变形,使得焊接变形量在可控范围内,大大节约因对工件频繁翻身所花费的人力、物力和时间,具有很大的经济效益.     

薄板TIG堆焊屈曲变形的预测

针对TIG堆焊所引起的薄板复杂屈曲变形问题,采用基于热弹塑性理论的有限元法建立薄板焊接变形预测模型,提出了数字图像相关法对预测屈曲模型进行试验验证并设计了薄板焊接变形检测试验装置. 结果表明,基于数字图像相关技术的非接触变形检测方法能够全场动态获取堆焊屈曲变形数据,全面验证了焊接变形有限元预测模型,基于高斯热源模型、非线性瞬态热传导边界条件、材料高温性能参数等的热?力耦合热弹塑性预测模型具有较高的精度.薄板焊接变形冷却后呈马鞍形,结合动态温度场与应力场,对揭示焊接马鞍形屈曲变形机理具有重要的意义.     

大板梁焊接变形的控制

就220t/h锅炉大板梁焊接变形及控制措施提出了解决办法。     

机器人在薄板焊接中的应用

薄板焊接的变形问题是薄板自动化焊接的技术难点。在焊接工艺方面,采取了一定措施,有效阻止了工件在焊接过程中出现变形。另外,使用机器人手动编程方法,对薄板试件进行焊接试验。通过不断调节焊接参数和焊接位置,最终获得一组适合焊接薄板的参数,为工厂使用机器人焊接薄板提供了一定的参考。     

焊接顺序对大型薄板装甲钢结构焊接变形的影响

基于有限元软件SYSWELD建立了大型薄板装甲钢结构的焊接有限元模型,采用Local-Global方法研究了焊接顺序对薄板结构焊接变形的影响. 通过对比焊缝截面宏观形貌,利用SYSWELD热源拟合工具,建立了适合现场焊接工艺的双椭球热源模型. 采用热弹塑性有限元法分析了T形和对接接头的焊接过程,获得了局部塑性应变和焊缝刚度,进而模拟了不同焊接顺序下薄板结构变形情况. 结果表明,现场焊接顺序下结构中部薄板焊接变形严重,最大变形量为9.6 mm,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;采用优化的焊接顺序,可有效控制薄板焊接变形,最大变形量可减小75%.     

随焊冲击旋转挤压控制TC4薄板焊接失稳变形工艺

薄板钛合金在焊后存在较大的残余压应力,使其发生失稳变形,很多情况下,结构不能满足设计要求,必须采取措施减少失稳变形.文中采用随焊冲击旋转挤压的方式,对焊接过程中尚处于较高温度的焊缝部位进行塑性延展,减少焊接时发生的塑性收缩量,降低残余压应力的值,从而减少焊接变形量.对焊后薄板的变形挠度和残余应力进行了测量,变形挠度下降...     

Numerical simulation about the effect of fixture on the welding stress and distortion of thin aluminum plate joints

The effect of welding jig on the welding stress and buckling distortion of thin aluminum plate joints was simulated by finite element method （FEM）. The results show that the restraint distance and the heat conduction ability of the fixture do have essential effects on the residual stress and distortion. The residual compressive stress and distortion will be increasing with the increase of the restraint distance, while the residual compressive stress and distortion will be decreasing with the increase of the heat conduction ability of the fixture.     

超薄板胀形破裂极限预测理论研究

由于生产中的破裂极限问题对于超薄板胀形特别突出,本文通过公式推导并结合有限元模拟技术,基于Swift分散性失稳和Hill集中性失稳两种理论模型,将最小厚度值计算结果与有限元模拟实验得到的材料破裂时的最小厚度值进行对比,分析计算结果表明:Hill失稳理论能较为准确地预测超薄不锈钢材料在胀形过程中的破裂趋势,该结论可用于预测超薄不锈钢发生胀形时的极限。     

Stress and distortion mitigation technique for welding titanium alloy thin sheet

Abstract

A stress and distortion mitigation technique for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V thin sheet is presented. The proposed welding technique incorporates a trailing heat sink (an intense cooling source) with respect to the welding torch, and it is also called the Dynamically Controlled Low Stress No-Distortion (DC-LSND) technique. The development of this mitigation technique is based on both detailed welding process simulation using the advanced finite element technique and systematic laboratory experiments. The finite element method is used to investigate the detailed thermomechanical behaviour of the weld during conventional GTAW and DC-LSND GTAW. With detailed computational modelling, it is found that by the introduction of a heat sink at some distance behind the welding arc, a saddle shaped temperature field is formed as a result of the cooling effects of the heat sink; the lowest temperature exists in the zone where the heat sink is applied. High tensile action on the surrounding zone is generated by abrupt cooling and contraction of the metals beneath the heat sink, which increases the tensile plastic strain developed during the cooling process and decreases the compressive plastic strain developed in the heating process, and therefore mitigates the residual stresses and plastic strains within and near the weld. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the DCLSND technique and the validity of the computational model. With a proper implementation of the DC-LSND technique, welding stress and distortion can be reduced or eliminated in welding titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V thin sheet, while no appreciable detrimental effects are caused on the mechanical properties of welded joints by applying the heat sink in the GTAW process.