葡萄籽油/大米水解蛋白复合乳液工艺优化及稳定性研究

以葡萄籽油和大米水解蛋白为原料,制备水包油型乳液。选择大米水解蛋白质量分数、油相占比、pH值、高压均质时间、高压均质压力做单因素实验。在此基础上采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以乳液粒径及乳化稳定性为响应值做响应面分析试验,确定最优工艺参数是：大米水解蛋白质量分数2%,油相占比10%,pH 7,均质时间5 min,均质压力50 MPa,此时测定平均粒径为（0.894±0.013）μm,乳化稳定性为（18 157.7±137）min。在上述最优工艺条件下,制备葡萄籽油/大米水解蛋白复合乳液,分别于储藏1,7,15,30 d,考察乳液粒径、乳化指数、乳液微观结构的变化,并对乳液的储藏稳定性进行评估。结果表明,该乳液为水包油型,油相于水相中分散均匀,储藏30 d内乳液外观无明显变化,乳液粒径随储藏时间的增加略有增大,乳化指数逐渐下降,总体稳定性较好。     

纳米SiO2改性4 种大分子材料的乳液制备及性质

为提高乳液稳定性,采用纳米SiO2改性明胶（gelatin,GE）、大豆分离蛋白、壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）制备茶油乳液。以乳化活性、乳化稳定性、离心稳定性、平均粒径、流变特性为考察指标,探究质量分数3.000%的纳米SiO2对4 种大分子材料复合乳液性质的影响,并对乳液的微观结构及油滴分布进行观察。结果表明,纳米SiO2能增强乳液稳定性,其中GE-纳米SiO2复合乳液综合性质最佳。添加纳米SiO2后乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著增加（P＜0.05）,离心稳定性降低68.444%。平均粒径为8.472 μm,乳液粒径最小且分布均匀,表面光滑呈球状。流变表现为典型的弱凝胶特性,稳定性良好。研究结果可为天然高分子和纳米SiO2乳液的制备和应用提供实践基础。     

面筋蛋白粒子-黄原胶Pickering乳液的制备及其表征

制备黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同稳的Pickering乳液,表征Pickering乳液的物理化学性能和微观结构。结果显示：通过黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同作用,可制备出稳定性较好的Pickering乳液。低质量分数的黄原胶（0.2%）会促进乳析;当黄原胶质量分数不小于0.3%时,乳液于4 ℃贮存30 d仍无乳析现象;当黄原胶质量分数为1%时,贮存30 d乳液出现析油的现象。不同乳化顺序得到乳液的稳定性不同。乳液M-WG-XG（面筋蛋白纳米粒与玉米油乳化得粗乳液,然后加入黄原胶二次分散）的稳定性最好,同时乳液的平均粒径最小（21.4±0.314）μm。黄原胶的加入增大了乳液的净电荷,乳液的稳定性提高。共聚焦显微镜结果表明,乳液M-WG-XG液滴分布均匀,界面层呈现出多层结构。相比于其他方式制备的乳液,乳液M-WG-XG有更好的黏弹性和离子稳定性。     

超声处理大豆分离蛋白与壳聚糖复合物对O/W型乳液稳定性的影响

为探究超声处理大豆分离蛋白-壳聚糖（soybean protein isolate-chitosan,SPI-CS）复合物对形成O/W型乳 液性质的影响,主要研究了复合物表面疏水性、乳化活性、乳化稳定性与油-水界面张力、乳液粒径、乳液稳定性 之间的关系。结果表明：未经超声处理的SPI-CS复合物表面疏水性、乳化活性、乳化稳定性和界面吸附性较低,形 成的O/W型乳液粒径相对较大,约100 μm,乳液Zeta电位较低,乳滴有发生聚集的倾向。乳液贮存7 d后乳层析指数 最高。经超声处理后SPI-CS复合物形成的乳状液性质发生明显变化,随着超声功率的增加,形成的O/W型乳液的稳 定性有所增加：超声功率为400 W时SPI-CS复合物形成的乳液最为稳定,乳层析指数最低;当超声功率超过400 W 时,乳液的光学显微镜观察显示其粒径有所增大,同时乳液的Zeta电位、乳化活性和乳化稳定性明显下降,界面张 力降低缓慢。超声处理暴露了蛋白质分子的内部结构,使部分结构展开、柔性增加,促进了其与壳聚糖之间的静电 相互作用,说明超声处理的大豆分离蛋白与壳聚糖形成的复合物影响了O/W型乳液的稳定性及相关性质。     

大豆分离蛋白-甜菊糖苷复合稳定剂制备纳米乳液

为适应食品工业对食品配料天然绿色、营养健康的追求,采用大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）-甜菊糖苷（steviol glycosides,STE）复合体系作为稳定剂制备纳米乳液,研究稳定剂组成、微射流参数、油相质量分数等对纳米乳液形成的影响,并对乳液稳定性及微结构进行表征。结果表明：油相质量分数为10%时,单独SPI（1%）制备的乳液粒度较大（d43为0.548 μm）,稳定性差。添加0.25%～1% STE时,乳液粒度分布更均匀,粒度变小;当STE质量分数为0.5%和1%时,乳液粒度小于200 nm,且具备较好的贮存稳定性（30 d）。添加2% STE会导致乳滴表面蛋白被完全取代,从而弱化乳液的长期稳定性。微射流压力、均质次数及STE质量分数的增加均可降低乳液粒度,但油相质量分数的增加可增加乳液粒度。进一步将纳米乳液进行冷冻干燥处理,可制得结构化良好且高油含量的油粉;相对于单独SPI稳定的结构化乳液,SPI-STE纳米乳液制得的油粉结构更为完整,表面黏性小。     

大豆脑磷脂对汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液的形成及其性质的影响

为研究大豆脑磷脂对汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液性质的影响,本文通过改变大豆脑磷脂添加量考察不同大豆脑磷脂添加量（10%、20%、30%、40%）对汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液乳化活性指数、微观结构、乳滴粒径、Zeta电位、流变学特性及贮藏稳定性的影响,初步探究大豆脑磷脂的添加对汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液稳定机制的影响。结果表明:在汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液体系中加入大豆脑磷脂后,其乳液稳定性有所提高;在大豆脑磷脂添加量为30%时,得到的Pickering乳液各项指标最佳,乳液的乳化活性指数为4.63 m2?g,乳液的分散指数为0.23;乳滴粒径为125 nm,Zeta电位值为?27.12 mV;乳液的表观黏度较小且无明显乳液聚结现象发生,并在贮藏7 d后未出现油析现象,乳液稳定性好。该研究为汉麻分离蛋白Pickering乳液稳定性提高及大豆脑磷脂的应用领域拓宽提供了理论基础。     

酿酒葡萄皮水溶性膳食纤维的化学组成和乳化稳定性

该文以酿酒葡萄皮为原料,采用热酸法和酶法提取水溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary fiber,SDF),测定其组分及含量,并利用两种水溶性膳食纤维SDF1(热酸法提取)、SDF2(酶法提取)制备水包油型乳液,以粒径分布跨度Span值表示乳液均一度,体积平均粒径大小D4,3值为指标,研究其乳化稳定性。结果显示:SDF2的蛋白质含量、半乳糖醛酸、中性糖、甲酯化度和乙酰化度以及分子量大小都低于SDF1;将乳液在4℃、20℃和60℃条件下分别储存15 d后,发现SDF1样品乳液的D4,3从初始值1.10μm分别增加到4.29μm(4℃)、5.72μm(20℃)以及7.57μm(60℃),表明低温条件下SDF1乳液的稳定性最好;SDF2样品乳液D4,3从3.73μm增加到17.7μm(4℃)、15.30μm(20℃)以及12.47μm(60℃),最后D4,3均达到12μm以上,表明SDF2样品乳液整体稳定性差;SDF1的Span值为(3.37～4.18),显著大于SDF2(2.84～3.52),故SDF2样品乳液的均一性优于SDF1。研究结果表明,酶处理后的SDF乳化活性显著下降。因此保证SDF中蛋白质和中性糖含量等各种组分的完整性能够显著提高SDF的乳化稳定性。     

蛋白种类对大豆皂苷-蛋白W/O/W型乳液稳定性的影响

将大豆皂苷添加至内水相（W1）,大豆蛋白添加至外水相（W2）,以玉米油为油相（O）,两步乳化法制备W/O/W型多重乳液。探究乳液的整体稳定性、粒径特性、电位特性、微观结构、流变学特性、界面张力以及长期稳定性的变化情况。结果表明：随着时间的延长,乳液的稳定性动力指数值呈上升趋势,粒径集中在6 μm附近,大豆分离蛋白乳液的电位绝对值最大（－30.2 mV）,该体系表现出假塑性的剪切稀化行为,大豆分离蛋白乳液的黏度值最大（0.029 Pa?s）;15 d后,所有蛋白乳液都出现了一定的分层现象,大豆分离蛋白乳液的稳定性动力指数最小（21.51）。在1%蛋白质量分数下,大豆分离蛋白制备的W/O/W型乳液稳定性优于大豆11S和7S蛋白。     

超声波处理对大豆油预乳化效果的影响

该文考察超声功率大小对大豆油预乳化处理效果的影响、探讨超声波处理的作用机理,探寻提升乳化型肉类产品品质的新方法。将纯净水与大豆油按1∶1(体积比)混合,添加2 g/L酪蛋白酸钠,乳化均质后以不同功率的超声波间歇处理3 min,然后测定乳化活性和表观稳定性、乳液黏度等指标。结果表明,超声波处理对大豆油预乳化液的乳化活性、乳化稳定性有显著影响,超声功率为360 W时乳化性能最好、乳化性达到最大值59.95 m 2/g;超声波处理能增加乳液的黏度、减小乳滴的粒径、增加乳滴表面蛋白质的吸附量,从而增强了乳化效果。超声波处理是一种增加预乳化液的乳化性和乳化稳定性的有效手段。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化白藜芦醇的工艺研究

以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为乳化剂,白藜芦醇为药物模板,利用剪切乳化结合高压均质技术制备白黎芦醇乳液,单因素实验考察了剪切乳化过程中乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度和白藜芦醇加入量对初乳液稳定性的影响,获得制备白藜芦醇初乳液的优化工艺为SSAS加入量4%,白藜芦醇加入量0.2%,乳化温度50℃、乳化时间20 min,此条件下SSAS制备的白藜芦醇初乳液的稳定性较好。在剪切乳化优化工艺条件下考察了高压均质压力和均质次数对白藜芦醇乳液粒径分布的影响,结果表明,高压均质对辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯制备白藜芦醇乳液的粒径分布有显著影响,均质压力在40~100 MPa、均质2次的条件下,乳液的粒径分布较好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.