H13钢的铁基和钴基熔覆层组织与耐磨性

采用激光熔覆技术在AISI H13 热作模具钢表面分别制备了铁基熔覆层、钴基熔覆层. 借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验机,对比分析了两种熔覆层的组织形貌、硬度和耐磨性. 采用马弗炉进行加热600 ℃,保温1 h,反复4 次,并测得红硬性硬度. 结果表明,基材、铁基、钴基熔覆层硬度分别为HRC 47,HRC 52,HRC 48. 基材和铁基熔覆层的红硬性硬度有所下降,而钴基熔覆层的红硬性硬度提升. 钴基熔覆层磨损失重量和摩擦系数皆最小. 基材、铁基熔覆层、钴基熔覆层的磨损机理分别是以磨粒磨损、粘着磨损以及粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.     

H13钢表面TiC/Co基激光修复层的显微组织与力学性能

采用激光熔覆技术在H13热作模具钢表面分别制备了Co50合金涂层和TiC/Co基复合涂层.借助XRD,SEM与显微硬度计对比分析了涂层与基材的结合状态、涂层物相组成、截面组织形貌和显微硬度分布.结果表明,Co50合金涂层和TiC/Co基复合涂层均与H13钢基材呈良好冶金结合特征.Co50合金涂层主要由初生γ-Co枝晶及其间的共晶组织组成,而TiC/Co基复合涂层主要由TiC颗粒、枝晶及细小的共晶组织组成,其组成相除含有TiC,TiCo₃和Cr₂Ni₃外,还有Cr-Ni-Fe-C等相.涂层截面显微硬度分布表明,TiC/Co基复合涂层截面平均显微硬度明显高于Co50合金涂层,分别为5520 MPa和4990 MPa,分别是H13钢基材的2.7和2.4倍.     

H13钢激光熔覆Co基涂层工艺优化及组织性能

采用Nd:YAG激光器在H13钢表面制备Co基合金涂层,分析扫描速度和电流强度对涂层成形质量的影响,确定最优参数。借助扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析了涂层组织形貌及物相组成。使用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层截面硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明：激光熔覆扫描速度增加和电流强度降低,均可使Co基合金涂层熔高和熔宽降低,孔洞和裂纹数量减少。优化工艺参数为：扫描速度120 mm/min,电流200 A。该工艺制备涂层组织主要由细小的枝晶和共晶组成,包括γ-Co和M23C6相,涂层硬度达到610 HV0.2;耐磨性是淬火回火态H13钢的1.32倍。     

激光熔覆Co+Ni/WC复合涂层的组织和磨损性能

在低碳钢表面激光熔覆了钴基合金涂层(Co60)以及添加不同含量镍包WC(10%,20%,质量分数)的Co Ni/WC复合涂层,比较研究了几种涂层的组织与磨损性能.结果表明,Co60涂层主要由初生γ-Co枝晶及其间的共晶组织γ Cr23C6组成;Co Ni/WC涂层主要由未熔WC,γ-Co枝晶及细小的共晶组织组成,主要组成相有γ-Co,Cr7C3,Co3W3C和未熔WC等.添加WC改变了Co60涂层的定向枝晶生长模式,并细化了枝晶组织.且WC加入量提高,效果越明显.激光熔覆过程中WC颗粒与钴基合金界面间发生了扩散反应溶解,镍包覆有助于WC的残存.与Co60涂层相比,Co Ni/WC复合涂层的硬度与耐磨性均明显提高,Co 20%WC涂层的抗磨损性能提高1倍以上.     

Microstructures and properties of Co-based alloy coatings prepared on surface of H13 steel

The Co-based alloy coatings had been prepared by laser cladding and vacuum fusion sintering. Microstructures of the coatings were investigated and the performance of thermal cycling was also tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings and substrates combine well. The main phase compositions of laser cladding coating are γ-Co, Cr23C6 and Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36, while vacuum fusion sintering coating consists of Co, Cr7C3 , and Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36. After thermal cycling, the minimum hot cracking width of laser cladding coating is 14 μm; moreover, laser cladding coating maintains high hardness and hot-cracking susceptibility. Those are beneficial to high temperature wear resistance of hot work dies.     

B4C对激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织与耐磨性的影响

运用5kWcO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层(C065)及Co基合金中添加20％B4C(体积分数)的复合涂层(B4C／Co),研究了B4C对熔覆层组织、显微硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,两种熔覆涂层均为树状枝晶生长的亚共晶组织。C055涂层主要由大量初生枝晶γ固溶体及其间的共晶组织1与(Cr,Fe)7C3组成;B4C／Co涂层主要由γ-Co,Cr7C3,Cr23c6,CrB2和Fe23(C,B)6组成,添加的B4C粒子在熔覆过程中全部熔解,但B4C／Co涂层组织与C055相比明显细化。B4C／Co涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性比Co65涂层都明显提高,并分析了涂层的强化机理。     

纯铜表面激光熔覆铜合金涂层的组织及耐磨性

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及能谱分析对纯铜表面送粉激光熔覆制备的铜合金涂层进行了分析.结果表明,涂层与基体为冶金结合,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,涂层稀释率极低,铜合金涂层在凝固过程中通过液相分离形成大量均匀弥散分布的细小球形分离相、富含铜的固溶体和少量大块分离相聚集体;细小分离相的平均直径小于5μm,分离相由富含Fe、Co、Mo的多元金属硅化物组成.富含铜固溶体的硬度为280 HV0.1,大块分离相聚集体的硬度为510 HV0.1.磨损试验结果表明,激光熔覆涂层的耐磨性较纯铜基体有显著提高.     

Selective laser melting of Fe-Ni-Cr layer on AISI H 13 tool steel

An attempt to fabricate Fe-Ni-Cr coating on AISI H13 tool steel was performed with selective laser melting. Fe-Ni-Cr coating was produced by experimental facilities consisting of a 200 W fiber laser which can be focused to 80 μm and atmospheric chamber which can control atmospheric pressure with N₂ or Ar. Coating layer was fabricated with various process parameters such as laser power, scan rate and fill spacing. Surface quality and coating thickness were measured and analyzed. Three different surface patterns, such as type I, type II and type III, are shown with various test conditions and smooth regular pattern is obtained under the conditions as 10 μm of fill spacing, 50–350 mm/s of scan rate and 40 μm of fill spacing, 10–150 mm/s of scan rate. The maximum coating thickness is increased with power elevation or scan rate drop, and average thickness of 10 μm fill spacing is lower than that of 40 μm fill spacing.     

激光熔敷NiTi/Ni3Ti金属间化合物复合材料涂层组织及耐磨性

以Ni79Ti21（wt％）合金粉末为原料,采用同步送粉激光熔敷技术在BT20钛合金表面制备出NiTi／Ni3Ti金属间化合物复合材料涂层,分析了该涂层的显微组织,测试了该涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔敷涂层组织均匀致密,与基材呈良好的冶金结合,具有优良的抗滑动磨损性能。     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded Co-based Superalloy Coating

Co-based superalloy coating was prepared on the stainless steel surface by laser cladding.The microstructure,phase constitutes and worn surface morphology of the coating were characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with energy dispersive spectrum(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The ambient temperature sliding friction and wear property of the coating was also tested.The experiments results showed that:the microstructures of the Co-based superalloy coating are"cellular crystal-coarse dendrite-tiny dendrite"in turn from bottom to surface,which consists ofγ-Co solid solution,Fe2Mo and Co7Mo6.The average micro-hardness of the laser cladding is 632 HV,which is 2 times higher than that of 304 stainless steel matrix.The ambient temperature sliding friction and wear property of the laser cladding is about 1～1.5 times in contrast to that of 304 stainless steel matrix.The better wear resistance of the coating is contributed to solution strengthening of Mo,as well as dispersion strengthening of Fe2Mo and Co7Mo6 hard phases.The failure mechanisms of the coating are pitting fatigue abrasion and grain-abrasion.     

纯钛表面激光熔覆铁基耐磨涂层结构及摩擦学性能(英文)

利用激光熔覆技术在纯钛表面制备铁基涂层。用 XRD、SEM、TEM分析涂层的相组成和晶体结构。在UMT-2MT摩擦磨损试验机上对铁基涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行测试。用SEM和3D表面轮廓仪分析铁基涂层磨损后的表面形貌和磨屑形貌。结果表明:钛表面激光熔覆制备的铁基涂层的显微硬度约为860HV0.2,具有优异的耐磨性能,磨损率为(0.70～2.32)×10-6mm3/(N·m),可以显著提高纯钛基材的耐磨性能;涂层的磨损机理为轻微的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

镍基合金表面激光熔覆钴基合金涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高涡轮叶尖端部的耐磨性能,以钴基合金粉末为涂层原材料,利用CO2激光器,在镍基合金表面上熔覆了优质耐磨涂层.采用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机进行了镍基合金及激光熔覆涂层的干摩擦磨损试验.试验结果表明,镍基合金的平均摩擦系数为0.48,钴基合金涂层的平均摩擦系数为0.30,钴基合金涂层的平均磨损量低于镍基合金材料,说明钴基合金涂层具有较高的耐磨性.     

钛合金激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层的组织和耐磨性（英文）

以Ti＋Ni＋B4C粉末混合物为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在TA15钛合金基材表面制得TiB-TiC共同增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层。采用OM、SEM、XRD、EDS及AFM等手段分析激光熔覆涂层的显微组织及磨损表面,测试涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆TiB-TiC增强TiNi-Ti2Ni金属间化合物复合涂层熔覆具有独特的显微组织,菊花状的TiB-TiC共晶均匀分布在TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体中。由于高硬、高耐磨TiB-TiC陶瓷相与高韧性TiNi-Ti2Ni双相金属间化合物基体的共同配合,激光熔覆涂层表现出优异的耐磨性。     

SiCp增强铝基复合激光熔覆层组织和磨损性能研究

采用CO2激光器在ZL102合金表面熔覆SiCp-Al基复合涂层,利用SEM和XRD等分析了激光熔覆层的微观组织,测试了激光熔覆层的硬度和磨损性能.结果表明,激光熔覆层表层呈过共晶组织形态,由针状Si、α-Al Si共晶和少量的SiC颗粒组成,底层呈亚共晶组织形态,由α-Al树枝晶,α-Al Si共晶和SiC颗粒组成.激光熔覆层与基材结合区组织为定向生长的树枝晶,且与基材呈联生结晶特征.激光熔覆层的硬度在220～280HV之间,显著提高了ZL102合金的耐磨性能.     

钼对钴基合金激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢基体表面制备了钴基合金涂层.利用金相显微镜(OP)、扫描电镜(SEM)及x射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了不同Mo元素含量的钴基合金涂层的组织结构;通过采用显微硬度试验、滑动磨损试验等方法进行性能测试.结果表明,含5.4%Mo的合金熔覆层主要组成相为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,而含28%Mo的合金涂层主要相组成为γ-Co,Cr_(23)C_6,Co_3Mo_2Si_2和NiCor等相;含5.4%Mo涂层的组织主要为柱状生长树枝晶;含28%Mo单道涂层的结合区为紊乱的粗大树枝晶,中部为向上生长的细小的树枝晶,表层为细小的等轴晶,多道搭接涂层组织为细小的等轴晶;含28%Mo涂层的显微硬度可达800 HV以上,比含5.4%Mo涂层的硬度提高了一倍;耐磨性也有不同程度的提高.

Abstract：

Co-based alloy coatings with different Mo content (5.4% and 28 % ) on the surface of low carbon steel were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure and phases composition of the coatings were investigated by means of optical microscope (OP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD). Microhardness and sliding wear resistance of the coatings were also tested. The results indicated that the main phases in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4%Mo were γ-Co and Cr_(23) C_6. Another two phases of Co_3 Mo_2 Si and NiCoCr were identified in Co-based alloy coatings with 28% Mo. Directional dendrite was observed in Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. Unidirectional dendrite at the interface, followed by fine dendrite at the central zone and equiaxed grain near top surface were found in Co-based alloy single coatings with 28% Mo, and almost all fine equiaxed grains appear in the multi-track coatings. The microhardness of Co-bascd alloy coatings with 28% Mo reaches up to 800 HV, which was 2 times of that of Co-based alloy coatings with 5.4% Mo. The sliding wear resistance was also improved.     

激光熔覆含B_4C_p,SiC_p钴基合金涂层的组织与耐磨性能

运用激光熔覆技术在16Mn钢表面制备了钴基合金涂层(Co55)、含20%SiCp(体积分数,下同)的钴基合金涂层(CoSiC)以及含20%B4Cp钴基合金涂层(CoB4C),比较研究了合金涂层的组织、相结构、显微硬度及滑动磨损性能。结果表明:合金涂层由涂层结合区的胞状共晶组织及涂层区的树枝状亚共晶组织组成,CoSiC涂层及CoB4C涂层的树枝晶比Co55涂层的更细小;B4Cp及SiCp在熔覆过程中完全熔解,其分解出的B,C,Si与涂层中的合金元素结合形成了更多的化合物,Co55涂层由γ Co和(Cr,Fe)7C3组成,CoSiC涂层由γ Co,Cr7C3,Cr23C6,CoSi2,Cr3Si和Si2W组成,CoB4C涂层由γ Co,Cr7C3,Cr23C6,CrB,CrB2和Fe23(C,B)6组成;3种激光熔覆涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性由高到低的顺序为CoB4C→CoSiC→Co55。对涂层的强化机理进行了分析。     

应用稀土及激光熔覆工艺制备钴基合金梯度涂层

采用稀土变质及激光熔覆工艺在 2 0号钢基体上获得了钴基自熔合金梯度组织涂层。结果表明 ,2 0 4Co合金涂层组织为均匀的亚共晶 ,其组成相包括ε Co ,Co3 B ,M2 3 (C ,B) 6,Cr2 B及Co7W6化合物 ,平均硬度为HV10 70 ,比基体 (HV180 )高HV890 ,耐磨性与基体相比提高 1.5倍。在 2 0 4Co合金中加入 0 .6 %的稀土 ,可以获得梯度涂层。其组织由亚共晶向共晶连续过度 ,与前者相比 ,组成相增加了CeCr2 B4 ,最高硬度达HV12 0 4,比原合金高 12 .3%,耐磨性与基体相比提高近 2倍 ,比原合金提高了 2 5 %。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆钴基合金层的组织及力学性能

在TC4钛合金表面利用激光熔覆Co基合金粉末涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和洛氏硬度计研究涂层的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明:当扫描速度固定为400 mm/s,激光功率为1.3、1.5、1.7 k W熔覆时,涂层与基体之间都实现了冶金结合。其中,激光功率为1.5 k W时熔覆效果最好,熔覆层内组织均匀致密无气孔和裂纹等缺陷。激光功率为1.3 k W时,熔覆层内出现了裂纹。当激光功率固定为1.5 k W,扫描速度为300、350、400 mm/s时,熔覆层和基体的结合情况良好,熔覆层内组织均匀致密无缺陷。随着激光功率和扫描速度的增大,涂层表面硬度呈减小的趋势,但都高于TC4基体硬度的两倍左右,表明在TC4表面激光熔覆Co基合金粉末涂层可以显著提高其硬度。     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织和耐磨性

采用5 kW横流CO₂激光器,在TC4钛合金表面熔覆TiC、TiB₂与Ni的混合粉末,制备了无气孔、无裂纹、组织均匀致密的复合涂层。用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及立式万能摩擦磨损试验机分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了激光熔覆层横截面显微硬度,以及覆层耐磨性能。结果表明,激光熔覆复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合;熔覆层组织从表层到结合区呈现出由棒状、块状向树枝状、颗粒状转变的趋势,且主要由Ti、TiC、TiB、Ti₂Ni、TiNi等相组成;熔覆层显微硬度最高可达863 HV0.2,为基体的2.5倍;熔覆层耐磨性能较TC4钛合金明显提高。