糖尿病继发Fournier坏疽6例诊治分析

目的:总结糖尿病继发Fournier坏疽的诊断及治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析6例糖尿病继发Fournier坏疽患者主要症状及诊治情况,结合文献对该病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行讨论.结果:6例患者均行外科清创、引流、抗感染等综合治疗,5例患者经二期缝合痊愈出院;1例高龄患者早期出现感染性休克及多器官功能衰竭而死亡.结论:早期诊断,及时彻底局部综合治疗,早期联合应用广谱抗生素及控制血糖等全身治疗,是治愈本病的关键.     

糖尿病继发阴囊非创伤性气性坏疽1例并文献复习

气性坏疽是创伤感染中严重的并发症，致病菌主要为产气荚膜杆菌，近年来由于战伤、创伤病人减少，医疗水平提高，该病在临床已较少见，但糖尿病患者因机体抵抗力弱，容易合并少见菌感染，现报道1例2型糖尿病继发阴囊非创伤性气性坏疽。     

超声误诊肛周脓肿继发阴囊皮下脓肿一例及文献复习

摘要：目的 探讨阴囊皮下脓肿的超声表现,提高对该病的认识,提高超声对该病的诊断准确率。方法 回顾性分析1例肛周脓肿继发阴囊皮下脓肿的诊断治疗经过,结合相关文献总结误诊教训。结果 阴囊皮下脓肿在不同时期超声表现有所不同,容易误诊,需紧密结合临床病史。结论 肛周脓肿继发阴囊皮下脓肿较为少见,临床症状不典型,诊断需结合病史,超声医师提高认识有助于早诊断、早治疗。     

特发性阴囊坏疽：附4例报告

特发性阴囊坏疽（附４例报告）青海省人民医院泌尿外科（８１０００７）刘智明特发性阴囊坏疽是一种罕见、凶险的外科疾病。１８８３年Ｆｏｕｒｎｉｅｒ首先描述，故称为Ｆｏｕｒｎｉｅｒ′ｓ坏疽。另也称阴囊坏疽性丹毒、产气坏疽、链球菌性阴囊坏疽等。１９８３年以来，...     

特发性阴囊坏疽7例临床观察

目的探讨阴囊坏疽的诊断和观察治疗效果。方法7例患者均采用早期局部坏死组织清除，同时给予全身抗感染及支持治疗的综合疗法。7例患者均有不同程度的睾丸和精索外露。结果7例患者均治愈，患者创面愈合良好。结论阴囊坏疽治疗应以局部清创换药联合大剂量抗生素及全身支持治疗，并注意原发病的治疗。     

一例糖尿病合并阴囊气性坏疽患者的护理

阴囊气性坏疽是创伤后最严重的并发症之一[1],根据其发病原因可分为原发性和继发性两种.糖尿病患者阴囊气性坏疽属于全身性因素导致的继发性疾病.由于解剖结构中阴囊靠近肛门、尿道外口,而且其皮肤褶皱多,有利于细菌停留和繁殖.并且阴囊组织为疏松结缔组织,洗澡时或其它轻微的阴囊皮肤损伤,即可导致大量的细菌趁机繁殖,造成毛囊与皮肤感染.当感染严重时可沿筋膜层扩散,并聚集于阴囊内.糖尿病患者发生皮肤软组织严重感染的发生率较一般人群高,约为糖尿病患者的1.6％,但合并阴囊气性坏疽的患者少见[2].本病发病急、进展快、后果严重,有明显的全身中毒症状,局部出现产气、水肿、坏死、剧烈疼痛、肿胀、大量组织坏死和外毒素吸收,可引起严重的毒血症,故早期诊断极为重要.     

1例继发性阴囊坏疽合并糖尿病患者的护理

阴囊坏疽,是一种较为罕见的阴囊皮下组织急性坏死性筋膜炎,发病比较急骤,常因感染致中毒性休克而死亡,文献报道其病死率高达13%～45%。糖尿病、肝硬化、营养不良是本病的易感因素。病变多局限于阴囊、阴茎的皮肤及皮下组织,严重者可蔓延到会阴、双侧腹股沟及下腹部,甚至可蔓延到腋下,深度可达阴囊全层^[1]。我院泌尿外科2009年8月收治了1例继发性阴囊坏疽合并糖尿病的患者,报告如下。     

急性坏疽性胆囊炎的早期诊治

目的探讨急性坏疽性胆囊炎早期诊治方法，以减少胆囊穿孔及医源性胆管损伤。方法回顾我院39例坏疽性胆囊炎的诊治资料结合文献加以总结。结果37例病人施行胆囊切除术，2例行胆囊造瘘术，1例死于肺及肾功能衰竭。结论急性坏疽性胆囊炎早期诊断困难，B超有助于早期诊断，白细胞计数是预测本病的敏感参数。     

Fournier坏疽五例诊治分析

目的:探讨Fournier坏疽的临床特点,提高该病诊疗水平.方法:回顾性分析5例Fournier坏疽临床资料并复习相关文献.结果:本组5例Fournier坏疽中,阴囊坏疽4例,阴茎皮肤坏疽1例,均伴随高热、寒战、局部皮肤肿胀、溃烂及坏死,行坏死组织渗液细菌培养有大肠杆菌生长3例(其中1例同时有溶血性链球菌生长),金黄色葡萄球菌生长2例(其中1例同时有产气荚膜杆菌生长).5例经清创引流、抗感染及对症治疗等,3例康复,2例死亡.结论:早期切开引流,广泛清创,快速纠正休克,及时使用广谱抗生素,以及全身支持疗法和必要的重复清创,是Fournier坏疽治疗成功的关键.     

封闭式负压引流技术在阴囊坏疽护理中的应用

目的对应用封闭式负压引流技术（VsD）治疗阴囊坏疽的护理进行总结。方法对10例阴囊坏疽患者行手术清创并使用VSD护理的回顾，从术前、术后护理措施和治疗效果等方面进行总结。结果10例患者中8例使用VSD1次，行II期缝合创面愈合；2例由于创面皮肤缺损太大，使用VSD2次后，行腹股沟皮瓣转移覆盖创面后创面愈合。平均住院时间23d。结论应用VSD治疗阴囊坏疽的护理，减少了伤口换药次数和患者的痛苦，促进了伤I：1愈合。     

Emergency diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene with bedside ultrasound

Fournier gangrene is a life-threatening infection of the scrotal skin. Although originally thought to be an idiopathic process, Fournier gangrene has been shown to have a predilection for patients with diabetes as well as chronic alcohol abuse; however, it can also affect patients with nonobvious immune compromise. Because of potential complications, it is important to diagnose the disease process as early as possible. Ultrasound has been previously described to aid in the diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. In patients with low to moderate suspicion of Fournier gangrene, it may provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis and differentiate the pathological process from mimicking entities such as scrotal edema or cellulitis. We present 6 cases of Fournier's gangrene diagnosed in the ED at the patient's bedside using ultrasound. None of the patients had a history of diabetes, and 5 had sources of infection determined.     

Necrotizing gas-forming infections in cancer patients

Necrotizing gas-forming infections in cancer patients present some unique characteristics, such as nontraumatic, spontaneous clostridial gangrene and gangrene involving an ischemic tumor mass. These infections can be rapidly progressive and uniformly fatal without surgical debridement. We review ten cases of gas gangrene seen during an 18-year period. Four were caused by Clostridium species and six by other organisms. Neutropenia was present in seven patients. During the last nine years, Clostridium septicemia occurred in 54 patients; in only two of those patients did gas gangrene ensue.     

Fournier坏疽临床分析12例

目的总结Fournier坏疽（FG）的临床特点、治疗原则及预后。 方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2016年12月间就诊于北京大学第一医院整形烧伤外科的FG患者。 结果共12例FG患者入组本研究,其中男性11例,女性1例,中位年龄54岁（21~78岁）。10例（83%,10/12）患者有明确病因,其中7例为肛周疾病,1例为阴囊皮肤擦伤,1例为腹膜后脓肿,1例为巴氏腺脓肿。6例（50%,6/12）患者合并糖尿病。除1号患者因呼吸、循环衰竭于入院第8天死亡而未予手术清创外,余11例患者均接受手术清创。中位手术次数7次（3~18次）,7例患者接受创面负压吸引治疗（NPWT）,中位治疗周期3次（3~7次）。伤口平均愈合时间为（52.7±17.7）d,6例创面植皮修复,5例直接缝合。6例（50%,6/12）患者存在多重细菌感染,6例（50%,6/12）患者为单一细菌感染,肠杆菌科、肠球菌属和溶血葡萄球菌为常见致病菌。中位随访时间32个月,11例患者均存活,且伤口愈合良好。 结论坏死性筋膜炎的实验室危险性指标评分是早期诊断与鉴别诊断的重要辅助工具。积极手术清创、经验性广谱抗生素和全身支持治疗是挽救患者生命的关键。创面负压吸引治疗是有效的治疗手段,游离植皮可作为阴茎、阴囊重建的推荐方案。     

Medial thigh fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of the scrotum following Fournier gangrene: A case report

Fournier''s gangrene, a rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and external genitalia that leads to extensive soft tissue necrosis, remains a medical‐surgical emergency. The authors present a case of coverage of a scrotal loss of substance with testicular exposure by a medial fasciocutaneous flap of the unilateral thigh after debridement and initial medical treatment of Fournier''s gangrene in a 50‐year‐old quadriplegic patient. The clinical examination at 8 months showed an aesthetic and functional result. The trophic‐cutaneous thigh flap that the authors propose for frail, elderly, and neurological subjects with low functional requirements allows coverage of the scrotal region with relatively thick skin, color, and texture close to those of the scrotum. It also offers technical simplicity, moderate scarring, and functional remnants at the price of less morbidity.     

严重Fournier坏疽3例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨Fournier坏疽的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析3例Fournier坏疽的诊断和治疗并复习相关文献。结果:3例患者外阴均红肿、疼痛,并迅速溃烂,累及肛周、会阴及阴囊,多次脓液培养为大肠杆菌生长,皮肤病理检查示:皮肤慢性炎症伴局部坏死。结论:Fournier坏疽是一种少见的,有潜在的致死性的坏疽性筋膜炎,早期诊断,综合治疗包括外科清创是治愈的关键。     

Fournier's syndrome in a ketoacidotic diabetic patient after intrascrotal insulin injections because of impotence

Fournier's syndrome is a necrotizing fasciitis most commonly confined to the male genitalia with high morbidity and mortality rates. The salient features are (1) sudden explosive illness in the midst of apparent health; (2) rapid necrosis and sloughing of tissues of the scrotum and penis; (3) absence of an obvious cause; (4) a mixed bacteriologic picture; and (5) gangrene affecting the whole thickness of the scrotal skin, but not the underlying testes. With the propensity toward life-threatening infections in patients with diabetes, it is surprising that Fournier's syndrome is not more common in suboptimally treated diabetic patients. This report is to illustrate the recognition and treatment of Fournier's syndrome in a patient with diabetes. Also, it must be emphasized that the explosive course of the disease process begins with a benign-appearing, epididymitis-like picture. Prompt recognition followed by prompt surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic therapy along with surgical wound closure is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. The present case is unusual for the following reasons: (1) necrosis of the testicles requiring orchiectomy; (2) extensive spread of gangrene beyond the genitalia; and (3) the route of infection, which appeared to be intrascrotal injections of insulin in a vain attempt to cure impotence.     

67例疑似气性坏疽地震伤员院内交叉感染控制分析

目的探索地震伤员中疑似气性坏疽患者医院交叉感染控制途径。方法2008年5月14日至6月24日，华西医院通过预检分诊、科学分期，优化地震伤员的接诊收治流程，科学管理开放性伤口，筛选疑似气性坏疽患者，实施手术消毒隔离处理，将预防控制疫情前移：用3％过氧化氢溶液冲洗、湿敷；对已缝合的伤口，拆去缝线，彻底清创，再给予抗菌药物治疗。结果截至6月24日共收治疑似气性坏疽67例，其中高度疑似气性坏疽共32例，经暖氧细菌培养确诊气性坏疽5例，无1例凶气性坏疽死亡，也无1例气性坏疽病例发生院内交叉感染。32例中有26例已痊愈出院，尚有6例仍在住院治疗中。结论科学管理与治疗得当是控制疑似气性坏疽患者医院感染的良好途径。     

Fournier’s gangrene: Is it scrotal gangrene?

INTRODUCTION: Fournier's gangrene was originally described as scrotal gangrene in young males. Today, it is generally accepted as synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of perineal, genital, or perianal regions, and the epidemiologic data have changed. However, there are still limited data about females due to the lack of female patients, even in large case series. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who received surgery for emergency conditions over the past 22 years was performed to identify patients with Fournier's gangrene. Data from these patients were then reviewed to determine the age, gender, etiology, causative bacteria, predisposing factors, treatment modalities, length of hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality rates associated with Fournier's gangrene. Data were evaluated using multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (20 female) were identified with the diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. The mean age was 50.8 years. The most common etiology was hemorrhoidectomy in male and perianal abscess in female patients. The most commonly isolated microorganism in both male and female patients was Escherichia coli. Twenty-nine patients had diabetes mellitus, which was the most common predisposing factor. Mean hospitalization time was 24.4 days and the overall mortality was 27.70%. CONCLUSION: Fournier's gangrene is still an important disease with high mortality rates in spite of the developments in intensive care units and new-generation antibiotics. It seems that there are no major differences between male and female patients in the characteristics of the condition.     

25例地震伤致气性坏疽伤员的救治与管理体会

目的：总结分析25例地震伤致气性坏疽伤员的救治经验,探讨救治方案,为临床工作提高参考。方法：回顾性研究25例地震伤致气性坏疽伤员的早期临床表现,诊断方法,隔离措施、1临床管理及其预后。结果：共收治25例气性坏疽伤员,无一例死亡。院外诊断7例,院内诊断18例。截肢18例,开放性截肢12例,非开放性截肢6例;扩创7例。发生急性肾功能衰竭2例,行血液透析治疗后肾功能恢复;无院内交叉感染的发生。结论：早期诊断、治疗、早期隔离及全面、系统护理可以提高临床救治水平,改善患者的预后,避免院内交叉感染的发生。     

Sonographic diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene: a rare surgical emergency

Early diagnosis of life-threatening Fournier’s gangrene, a rare surgical emergency, is essential. Detection of gas within the swollen scrotal skin by ultrasonography (US) is of great help in patients with equivocal physical examination findings.