右美托咪定对冠心病非心脏手术患者全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响

目的观察全麻诱导前单次静脉输注右美托咪定对冠心病非心脏手术患者全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响。方法择期气管内插管全身麻醉拟行上腹部外科手术冠心病患者60例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组(n=30):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。D组患者于麻醉诱导前10 min静脉输注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,输注时间10 min。C组患者以同样方法输注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组患者麻醉诱导方法相同。当患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)≤45时进行气管内插管。于入室时(T_0)、气管插管前1 min(T_1)、气管插管时(T_2)、气管插管后1、3、5 min(T_(3~5))记录患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),同时采集颈内静脉血样本测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)浓度。观察并记录心血管不良反应的发生情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_1时两组MAP、HR明显降低(P0.05),T_(2~5)时C组MAP、HR、血浆NE和E浓度明显升高(P0.05),D组上述指标值在以上时点相对平稳(P0.05)。与C组比较,D组T_1时刻MAP明显升高(P0.05),T2~5时MAP、HR、血浆NE和E浓度明显降低(P0.05),低血压、高血压、心动过速和心肌缺血的发生率明显降低(P0.05),心动过缓发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论诱导前单次静脉输注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg可有效抑制冠心病非心脏手术患者气管插管的应激反应,还可降低心血管不良反应发生率。     

右美托咪定对老年心血管病患者全麻下腹腔手术时麻醉苏醒期血流动力学指标的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对老年心血管病患者全麻下腹腔手术时麻醉苏醒期血流动力学指标的影响。方法88例择期行全麻腹腔手术的老年心血管病患者,按随机数字表法将其分为两组(n=44):右美托咪定组(A组)和对照组(B组),A组麻醉诱导后15min内静脉泵注右美托咪定1.0μg/kg,随后0.6μg(kg·h)速率输注至手术结束前30min,B组输注等容量生理盐水。两组均采用全身麻醉,记录术前、用药前、停药后及拔管期间血压、心率、瑞芬太尼和异丙酚使用总量,并采静脉血检测术前、术后2h、4h、12h和24h的肾上腺素(Epinephrine,E)、去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine,NE)和内皮素-1(Endothelin 1,ET-1)的水平。拔管后15min内记录患者不良反应的情况。结果 A组拔管期血压明显低于B组(均P0.05);A组瑞芬太尼和异丙酚使用量明显少于B组(均P0.05);A组呛咳次数显著少于B组(χ2=6.73,P0.05);A组术后2h、4h、12h和24h的E、NE和ET-1水平均显著低于B组(t=3.02~4.74,均P0.05)。结论全麻时持续静脉输注右美托咪定可改善老年心血管病全麻下腹腔手术患者麻醉苏醒期血流动力学指标的稳定性。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻苏醒期的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻苏醒期的影响。方法 选取在全麻下行颈椎手术的高血压病患者60例,随机均分为右美托咪定组（试药组,D组）和对照组（C组）,于术毕前10 min分别泵入右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg和芬太尼1 μg/kg。观察麻醉前（T0）、术毕前10 min(T1)、 术毕时(T2)、拔管前即刻 (T3)、拔管后5 min和10 min(T4、T5)时HR、SBP和DBP值。记录T5时Ramsay镇静评分和 VAS疼痛评分及苏醒期不良反应的发生情况。结果 试药组T2时心率显著低于T1时（P<0.05）;对照组T3、T4时HR、SBP均高于麻醉前（P<0.05或P<0.01）;试药组T3~T5时HR、SBP和DBP值均显著低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。试药组Ramsay镇静评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后VAS评分无显著差异。试药组苏醒期时呛咳、躁动发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 高血压病患者全麻结束前静脉给予小剂量的右美托咪定能够减轻苏醒期血流动力学波动,可减少不良反应的发生率。     

右美托咪定在清醒气管插管患者麻醉中的应用观察

目的观察右美托咪定在清醒气管插管患者麻醉中的应用效果。方法择期需清醒气管插管全麻患者40例,随机分为A、B组,各20例。A、B组分别采用1%丁卡因行鼻腔、咽喉及气管黏膜表面麻醉组表面麻醉+咪唑安定0.05 mg和表面麻醉+右美托咪定1.0μg/kg静注。3 min后行经鼻肓探气管插管。记录麻醉前(T0)、插管前即刻(T1)、气管导管插入鼻腔即刻(T2)、气管导管越过声门插入气管(T3)的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2;记录插管过程中有无恶心、呛咳、躁动等插管反应;术后随访患者对插管过程的知晓情况。结果与T0比较,A组T2、T3时刻SBP、DBP及HR明显升高(P均<0.05);B组Tl、T2及T3时SBP、DBP均明显降低,T1时HR明显降低(P均<0.05)。A组Tl、T2及T3时SBP、DBP、HR均明显高于B组(P均<0.05)。A组术中发生恶心10例、呛咳12例、躁动9例,13例插管知晓;B组分别为1、1、1、1例。两组呛咳、躁动、插管知晓发生率相比P均<0.05。结论对清醒气管插管患者,在1%丁卡因行鼻腔、咽喉及气管黏膜表面麻醉基础上静注右美托咪定1.0μg/kg能有效抑制气管插管反应。     

右美托咪定对老年高血压患者全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对老年高血压患者全麻诱导气管插管应激反应的影响。方法选取行手术治疗的148例老年高血压患者随机分为对照组(74例)和右美托咪定组(74例),右美托咪定组麻醉诱导前予以右美托咪定静脉输注,对照组予以等剂量生理盐水,两组全麻方式均相同,并比较不同时间点舒张压和收缩压情况、苏醒程度评分、自主呼吸恢复时间。结果与麻醉诱导前相比,麻醉诱导后右美托咪定组收缩压和舒张压变化不明显,但对照组显著降低(P<0.05),插管和拔管时两组舒张压及收缩压均增加,但对照组增加更明显(P<0.05);右美托咪定组苏醒程度评分和自主呼吸恢复时间均显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论右美托咪定静脉注射有助于维持老年高血压患者麻醉期间血压稳定并减轻其应激反应。     

右美托咪定对老年冠状动脉搭桥术患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的影响

冠状动脉心脏病患者都存在比较严重的心肌缺血,全麻诱导气管插管时通过神经反射引起交感神经兴奋,释放儿茶酚胺,引起血压升高、心率增快等不良心血管反应,加重心肌缺血导致严重后果,尤其是老年冠心病患者心脏储备差,更应该格外重视.右美托咪啶(Dex)具有镇静、镇痛以及抗交感神经的作用,适用于老年冠心病手术患者的麻醉.本研究拟观察Dex对老年冠状动脉搭桥术患者全麻诱导期血流动力学及血浆肾上腺素(E)与去甲肾上腺素NE的影响.     

预注右美托咪定对老年患者双腔管插管反应的影响

目的探讨预注右美托咪定在老年患者麻醉诱导中的应用。方法美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅲ级肺癌患者30例,随机分为右美托咪定组和对照组各15例。右美托咪啶组患者入室后给予复合剂量右美托咪定0.6μg/kg,10 min内泵入。对照组持续泵入等量生理盐水。随后全麻诱导,两组患者全麻诱导方法相同,当脑电双频谱指数(BIS)<45时插入双腔管,经纤支镜定位后行机械通气。观察给药前(T0)、插管前(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、插管后3 min(T3)、插管后5 min(T4)各时间点的心率、血压情况;记录两组维持相同麻醉深度的丙泊酚用量,观察并记录麻醉诱导期间的不良反应。结果两组患者T0时间点各项指标无统计学差异(P>0.05);与T0比较,两组T1时点收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)降低(P<0.05);对照组T2~T3时点SBP、DBP、HR升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,右美托咪定组T1时点SBP、DBP升高(P<0.05),T2~T3时点SBP、DBP、HR降低(P<0.05);右美托咪定组插管时丙泊酚用量较对照组明显减少(P<0.05);低血压、高血压等不良反应明显减少(P<0.05)。结论预注右美托咪定可有效减轻老年患者双腔管插管时心血管反应,维持血流动力学稳定,并缩短丙泊酚诱导的插管时间和减少丙泊酚的用量。     

右美托咪定对围气管插管期应激反应的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对气管插管时应激反应的影响。方法将40例拟行插管全麻患者随机分为对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。麻醉诱导前D组静脉泵注右美托咪定0.8μg/kg,C组静脉泵注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液,其他处理相同。比较两组入室用药前(T0)、气管插管前即刻(T1)、插管后lmin(T2)、插管后3min(T3)、插管后5min(T4)、插管后10min(T5)的收缩压(SBP),心率(HR)和血清皮质醇(Cor)水平。结果 D组HR在T1～T5各时点低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SBP在T1时高于C组,在T2、T3时低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cor在T2～T4时低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麻醉诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定能减轻气管插管的应激反应,改善围气管插管期血流动力学稳定性,是比较理想的气管插管辅助药物。     

右美托咪定复合七氟烷对老年全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的研究右美托咪定复合七氟烷对老年全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法选取2012年10月至2014年10月该院收治的行择期全麻手术的老年患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组50例,研究组给予右美托咪定复合七氟烷麻醉,对照组给予生理盐水,测量两组患者诱导前(T0)、给药10 min(T1)、睫毛反射消失(T2)、意识消失(T3)、气管插管时(T4)及气管插管后3min(T5)时的平均动脉压和心率,并观察两组不良反应情况。结果研究组T1、T2和T3时平均动脉压和心率低于T0,与T0时比较无统计学意义(P0.05);T4和T5时均高于T0,与T0时比较无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组T1、T2和T3时平均动脉压和心率低于T0,与T0时比较无统计学意义(P0.05),T4和T5显著高于T0,与T0时比较有统计学意义(P0.05),与研究组比较差异显著(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合七氟烷用于老年全麻手术具有较好的麻醉效果,有利于患者血流动力学稳定,且不良反应少。     

盐酸右美托咪定对老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的观察盐酸右美托咪定（DEX）对老年患者术后早期认知功能（POCD）的影响。方法选择择期在全麻下手术的老年患者60例,随机分为2组,观察组（D组）和对照组（C组）,每组30例。D组全麻诱导前静脉微泵注DEX 4μg/ml,用量为0.4μg/kg,输注时间10 min;C组以相同方法输注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。2组分别于术前1 d、术后1 d、术后3 d进行简易精神状态量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）评分,并观察记录药物输注时（T0）、输注后5 min（T1）、插管时（T2）、插管后1 min（T3）、插管后5 min（T4）的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）及心率（HR）。结果 2组术前MMSE评分比较差异无统计学意义,2组术后各时点评分均低于术前（P〈0.05）。术后1 d D组的MMSE评分高于C组（P〈0.05）,D组和C组术后1 d分别有4例（14.8%）和12例（42.9%）发生认知功能下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后3 d分别有3例（11.1%）和5例（17.6%）发生认知功能下降,术后3 d 2组的MMSE评分和认知功能下降发生率均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。D组在T1、T3、T4时间点的SBP、DBP、HR均低于C组（P〈0.05）。结论老年患者全麻诱导前预输注DEX对术后早期的认知功能下降有一定的预防作用,且不影响诱导期血流动力学的稳定,方法安全。     

Airtraq可视喉镜在困难气道全麻患者气管插管中的应用

目的观察应用Airtraq可视喉镜对困难气道患者全麻中行气管插管的临床效果。方法选择拟经口气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期手术的困难气道患者60例,MallampatisⅢ～Ⅳ级,随机分为Airtraq组、Macintosh组,每组各30例。两组均采用慢诱导气管插管,诱导后分别采用Airtraq可视喉镜及Macintosh喉镜进行气管插管操作,比较两组气管插管一次成功率、插管时间和麻醉诱导前（T1）、诱导后（T2）、气管插管后即刻（T3）及气管插管后3 min（T4）的HR、SBP、DBP,观察两组声门暴露及并发症情况。结果 Airtraq组气管插管一次成功率高于Macintosh组,插管时间短于Macintosh组,T3、T4时HR、SBP、DBP低于Macintosh组,并发症发生率低于Macintosh组（P均〈0.05）。Airtraq组Ⅰ级气管插管声门暴露的比例高于Macintosh组（P〈0.05）。结论 Airtraq可视喉镜具有快速、声门暴露好、气管插管时血流动力学变化幅度小、插管损伤小的优点,适合于困难气道患者的气管插管。     

Effect of varied training techniques on field endotracheal intubation success rates

A pool of 146 mobile intensive care unit paramedics was divided into four equal groups and trained in the technique of direct laryngoscopic endotracheal intubation of cardiac arrest or deeply comatose patients. Group 1 was selected from supervisors and crew chiefs and trained as preceptors. The remaining paramedics were assigned to three other study groups. Groups 1 and 2 were trained with a didactic presentation followed by manikin practice, an animal laboratory exercise, and operating room experience. Group 3 had no OR experience; Group 4 had only didactic/manikin training. Intubations were observed by preceptors on scene. During the study period of 27 months, 689 of 763 patients (90.3%) were successfully intubated by 122 paramedics. While results suggest variation in skill levels according to training group (Group 1, 92.4%; Group 2, 87.6%, Group 3, 83.3%; Group 4, 76.9%), statistical analysis allowing for the variables of seniority and number of intubations performed by personnel failed to reveal differences in groups attributable to training programs. Complication rates were relatively low for all groups, the most common being prolonged intubation attempts. A significant improvement in the skill was seen as the study progressed when groups are pooled and compared. The findings suggest that endotracheal intubation of deeply comatose or cardiac arrest patients is a field procedure that can be performed safely and skillfully by well-monitored paramedical personnel. Operating room or animal laboratory experience may increase initial success levels, but these factors do not appear to greatly influence eventual performance or incidence of complications of the procedure.     

小剂量右美托咪定复合丙泊酚用于高血压患者全身麻醉下纤维支气管镜的观察

目的 观察输注小剂量右美托咪定对原发性高血压患者喉罩辅助通气丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼全身麻醉下纤维支气管镜检查的麻醉效果.方法 选择患有原发性高血压需择期行纤维支气管镜检查患者40例,其中男、女各20例,随机分为两组（n=20）.麻醉诱导前后分别记录观察组（DEX组）和对照组（生理盐水组）术前（T0）、麻醉诱导前（T1）、麻醉诱导后（T2）、气管镜入声门后1 min（T3）、3 min（T4）、5 min（T5）、术后唤醒即刻 （T6）,各时点的SBP、DBP、ECG、HR、SpO2数据.结果 两组均患者顺利完成检查.与对照组比较,观察组检查期间呛咳少,丙泊酚等麻醉及辅助用药量少,血流动力学更趋平稳.结论 诱导前 15 min 微量泵输注0.4 μg/kg右美托咪定可以安全用于原发性高血压患者纤维支气管镜麻醉.     

Effect of supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal intubation general anesthesia on outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial

Background:There are still controversies about the optimal anesthesia protocol for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of supraglottic airway device (SAD) versus endotracheal intubation (EI) general anesthesia on clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with AIS undergoing MT.Methods:One hundred sixteen patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke were randomized to receive either SAD or EI general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the rate of occurrence of >20% fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Secondary outcomes included hemodynamics, successful recanalization, time metrics, satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist, number of passes performed, the conversion rate from SAD to EI, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score before and 24 hours after surgery, length of stay in the stroke unit and hospital, complications and functional independence at discharge, and 90 days after stroke.Results:Both the lowest systolic blood pressure and lowest diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the EI group (P = .001). The consumption of vasoactive agents, the occurrence of >20% reduction in MAP and time spent with >20% fall in MAP were significantly higher in the EI group (P < .05). Compared with the EI group, the time for door-to-puncture was significantly shorter in the SAD group (P = .015). There were no significant differences with respect to puncture-to-reperfusion time, number of passes performed, rates of successful recanalization, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 24 hours after surgery. The satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist was significantly lower in the EI group (P = .043). Conversion rate from SAD to EI was 7.41%. There were no significant differences with respect to complications, mortality, and mean Modified Rankin Scale scores both at discharge and 90-day after stroke. However, length of stroke unit and hospital stays were significantly shorter in the SAD group (P < .05).Conclusion:AIS patients undergoing MT with SAD general anesthesia led to more stable hemodynamics, higher satisfaction score of neurointerventionalist, shorter door-to-puncture time, length of stroke unit, and hospital stay. However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the angiographic and functional outcomes both at discharge and 90 days after stroke.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine for awake fiberoptic endoscope intubation

Background:Awake fiberoptic endoscope intubation (AFOI) is the primary strategy for managing anticipated difficult airways. Adequate sedation, most commonly being achieved with remifentanil and dexmedetomidine, is integral to this procedure. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of these 2 sedatives.Methods:We conducted electronic searches in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Springer, and Web of Science with no language restrictions. Studies comparing safety and efficacy between the sole use of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine among patients who underwent AFOI were included. Eight randomized controlled trials, comprising 412 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were first attempt intubation success rate and incidence of hypoxia. The secondary outcomes were the Ramsay Sedation Scale score at intubation, memory recall of endoscopy, and unstable hemodynamic parameters during intubation.Results:Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of hypoxemia during AFOI (risk ratio: 2.47; 95% confidence [CI]: 1.32–4.64]) compared with remifentanil; however, the first intubation success rates were equivalent (risk ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.87–1.46]. No significant differences between the 2 sedatives were found for the Ramsay Sedation Scale score at intubation (mean difference: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.66–0.38) or unstable hemodynamic parameters during intubation (risk ratio: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.59–1.17). Dexmedetomidine reduced memory recall of endoscopy (risk ratio: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13–1.72).Conclusions:While both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are effective for AFOI and well-tolerated, dexmedetomidine may be more effective in reducing the incidence of hypoxemia and memory recall of endoscopy.PROSPERP registration number:CRD42020169612.     

七氟醚对插管应激时心率变异性的影响

目的 :观察不同浓度的七氟醚对插管应激时心率变异性的影响。方法 :ASA I～ II级外科择期手术患者 2 3例 ,随机分为 A ,B两组。面罩吸入 1.0 vol% （A组 ）或 3.0 vol% （B组 ）七氟醚和 N2 O∶ O2 （2∶ 1）混和气进行麻醉诱导 ;气管内插管行机械通气。持续监测血流动力学指标 ,记录心电图并进行心率变异功率频谱分析 （HRV - PSA） ;抽取静脉血测定 Pc AMP及 Pc GMP。结果 :插管后 ,所有患者的血压、心率、HRV- PSA有关参数值及 Pc AMP和 Pc GMP均有所增加 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,以 A组 （1.0 vol%七氟醚 ）患者的反应较显著 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :七氟醚用于麻醉诱导可有效地降低低插管所致的循环反应和自主神经反应 ,从而为临床麻醉管理提供依据。     

右美托咪定对小儿先天性心脏病外科手术麻醉血流动力学的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对小儿先天性心脏病外科手术麻醉过程中血流动力学的影响。方法将68例在体外循环下行心脏手术的先天性心脏病患儿按随机数字法随机分为咪达唑仑组(n=34)和右美托咪定组(n=34)。麻醉诱导:两组均给予咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg、芬太尼10μg/kg、维库溴铵0.2 mg/kg行麻醉诱导。麻醉诱导后,行气管内插管,机械通气。麻醉维持:咪达唑仑组输注咪达唑仑0.2 mg.kg-1.h-1和芬太尼10μg.kg-1.h-1,1 h后分别以0.1μg.kg-1.h-1和5μg.kg-1.h-1维持;右美托咪定组输注右美托咪定1μg.kg-1.h-1和芬太尼10μg.kg-1.h-1,1 h后分别以0.5μg.kg-1.h-1和5μg.kg-1.h-1维持。必要时以0.4%～1.0%异氟醚吸入维持麻醉。监测并记录记录麻醉诱导前、麻醉后1 h、切皮前、切皮后即刻、手术结束即刻、手术结束后10 min的血压和心率。结果两组患儿在输注麻醉药物1 h后,收缩压和心率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在切皮时,咪达唑仑组收缩压、舒张压和心率较切皮前明显增高,且明显高于右美托咪定组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);右美托咪定组较少患儿需加用异氟醚,与咪达唑仑组比较,差异有统计学意义[35.3%(12/34)vs.85.3%(29/34),χ2=17.752,P=0.000]。结论与咪达唑仑比较,右美托咪定可更有效的维持小儿先天性心脏病外科手术麻醉过程中的血流动力学稳定。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片联合硝苯地平片对老年患者全身麻醉血流动力学的影响

目的 分析长期口服厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片老年患者行全身麻醉的血流动力学变化.方法 选择2018年12月-2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院ASAⅡ级老年择期手术患者68例,年龄65～75岁.按平时口服降压药分成A组(硝苯地平片组)和B组(硝苯地平片联合厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片组),每组34例.手术日早晨停用厄贝沙...