DNA载体聚DEAE-葡聚糖和κ-卡拉胶微囊制备

试验以Ca CO3微粒吸附伪狂犬病毒(PRV)基因组DNA,并在Ca CO3-DNA表面依次交替聚合DEAE-葡聚糖和k-卡拉胶,用EDTA溶解去除Ca CO3内核,制成DEAE-葡聚糖和k-卡拉胶包被质粒DNA的微囊,以期为研制高效的DNA疫苗载体打下基础。     

粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因佐剂对DNA疫苗的免疫调节作用

DNA疫苗具有制备简单,不需要蛋白质的合成、提取与纯化,免疫效果维持时间长,稳定性好,易保存等特点。但由于种与种之间免疫遗传差异,DNA疫苗往往对大动物特别是对哺乳动物的免疫效果不理想。细胞因子常作为基因佐剂用以增强DNA疫苗的免疫原性。粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)是一个具有多项潜能的造血生长因子,在免疫反应中具有重要作用,编码GM-CSF的质粒能增强DNA疫苗的免疫效果。本文就GM-CSF的分子结构、对增强疫苗免疫原性、协同其他因子作用等方面作一综述。同时介绍了基因佐剂与目的基因表达质粒的构建方案。     

CpG DNA重组质粒对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原的免疫佐剂效应

作者应用含CpG基序序列的重组质粒(即CpG DNA)作为免疫佐剂,评价其对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原疫苗的免疫增强效果.结果表明:CpG DNA重组质粒与猪口蹄疫灭活病毒抗原疫苗配伍免疫小鼠,CpG DNA重组质粒对小鼠具有较强的免疫佐剂效应,能促进口蹄疫病毒抗原诱导产生较高水平的特异性抗体,其抗体滴度是空载体疫苗对照的2倍.CpG DNA重组质粒与商品化猪口蹄疫灭活疫苗配伍免疫试验猪,其增强抗原诱导的特异性抗体滴度最高可达标准疫苗的4倍以上,也显著高于空载体疫苗对照;与病毒纯化抗原配伍免疫动物,攻毒后其免疫保护效力的PD50高达13.00,远高于标准疫苗对照(PD50> 4.69).在CpG DNA重组质粒剂量选择试验中,含低剂量的CpG DNA疫苗(50、200μg·头份-1)都比高剂量组(500 μg·头份-1)诱导的抗体滴度高,其中50和200μg·头份-1的CpG DNA剂量,在接种后14～32 d诱导的抗体滴度高达1:1 500,是标准疫苗的4～5倍,而500μg·头份-1剂量诱导的抗体仅是标准疫苗的2倍,说明CpG DNA重组质粒在低剂量时即可发挥强烈的佐剂效应.研究表明CpG DNA对猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗原疫苗有较强的免疫佐剂效应,且使用剂量低,应用前景广阔.     

DNA疫苗免疫特性及其在动物医学中的应用

质粒载体自被发现在活体组织中可以表达以来,DNA疫苗以其优于常规疫苗的特点而被人们所认识和接受,并进行了大量的试验研究,现已成为疫苗领域中的一种新的元素.本文对DNA疫苗的优缺点、免疫机制以及影响其免疫效果的各因素进行了分析,并简单介绍了DNA疫苗在动物医学中的应用.     

DNA疫苗及其在动物传染病中的应用

DNA疫苗(DNA vaccine)又称基因疫苗 (gene immunication),核酸疫苗(nuclenic acid immunication),是一种将某种保护性抗原的编码基因克隆到真核细胞表达调控序列的质粒中,并制成DNA的重组质粒,直接给动物注射后,质粒     

猪瘟病毒E2基因自杀性DNA疫苗的构建及动物免疫试验

从含有猪瘟病毒(CSFV)Shimen株E2全长基因的重组质粒pMD18-T-E2上扩增得到带有BamHⅠ酶切位点的E2基因片段,构建重组克隆质粒pMD19-T-E2.用BamH Ⅰ酶切pMD19-T-E2和"自杀性"DNA疫苗表达载体pSCA1,构建"自杀性"DNA疫苗重组质粒pSCA1-E2.对目的基因E2的大小、插入位置、方向和读码框经PCR、酶切和序列测定进行鉴定.用纯化的阳性质粒pSCA1-E2转染PK-15细胞,转染后48 h荧光抗体法检测E2蛋白的表达;纯化的pSCA1-E2质粒分别免疫小鼠(10 μg/只)和试验猪(600μg/头),二免后分别检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞刺激指数和猪血清抗猪瘟特异性抗体水平.结果表明,构建的重组质粒中E2基因的大小、插入位置、方向和读码框均正确,获得了重组表达质粒pSCA1-E2;转染后48 h可检测到转染的PK-15细胞中E2蛋白的表达.免疫小鼠产生较高水平的淋巴细胞刺激指数,免疫猪可检测到抗CSFV特异性血清抗体;表明构建的pSCA1-E2重组质粒能激发实验动物的免疫反应.     

结核分支杆菌HSP65 DNA疫苗的制备和重组蛋白的原核表达

结核分支杆菌分子量为65ku的热应激蛋白(HSP65)是一种非常重要的抗原，为了研制结核病核酸疫苗，构建编码HSP65DNA，并将其分别克隆到原核和真核载体中进行了表达。以标准结核分支杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板，用PCR法扩增出HSP65基因，经限制性内切酶消化后，插入真核表达栽体pJW4303中，获得重组质粒pJW-HSP65。同时将HSP65基因插入原核表达栽体pET-22b( )，获得重组质粒pET22b-HSP65。将pET22b-HSP65重组质粒转化大肠杆菌蛋白酶缺陷型菌株BL21(DE3)／PolysS，用IPTG诱导，进行蛋白表达。结果表明，经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实插入片断为目的基因HSP65，构建成功了真核重组质粒pJW-HSP65即可作为结核病DNA疫苗。经SDS-PAGE检验证明可以在大肠杆菌细胞中高效表达，将表达蛋白进行纯化，作为保护性结核杆菌抗原以便检测HSP65DNA疫苗的免疫效果。     

禽流感DNA疫苗研究进展

禽流感（avian influenza,AI）是由禽流感病毒（AIV）引起的一种禽类烈性综合征,威胁动物和人类公共健康,严重影响中国养禽业发展,接种疫苗一直是控制禽流感病毒传播最有效的手段。基于基因工程技术的不断发展,各种新型疫苗相继研发并投入使用。其中,禽流感DNA疫苗具有安全性高、制备方法简单、易于储藏和运输等优点,受到了广泛关注。常见的禽流感疫苗有HA DNA疫苗、NA DNA疫苗、M DNA疫苗、NP DNA疫苗等。禽流感DNA疫苗是将含有目的基因序列的重组质粒导入动物细胞,诱导动物机体产生体液和细胞免疫应答。为了提高禽流感DNA疫苗的免疫效果,国内外学者通过添加合适的佐剂、将目的基因导入理想质粒载体、对抗原序列优化,增强DNA疫苗的转染效率和基因表达水平,取得了一定的研究成果。自DNA疫苗开始研发至今,H1、H3、H5、H7、H9等众多亚型禽流感DNA疫苗逐步研发。2018年,由中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的禽流感H5亚型DNA疫苗获得国家一类新兽药证书,是中国首个获得批准的禽流感DNA疫苗,极大地推动了DNA疫苗的发展。文章主要论述了禽流感DNA疫苗的载体构建、免疫机制、佐剂和载体选择以及疫苗研发等方面的研究进展和创新,并对其应用前景进行简要分析,旨在为科研工作者研制新型禽流感疫苗提供新的思路和参考。     

动物用质粒DNA内毒素去除方法的建立及其质量检验

用自行改进设计的TritonX-114方法去除动物用重组质粒DNA中的内毒素,鲎试剂检测方法确定每毫克质粒DNA中内毒素的含量为50 EU.将3种不同方法制备的重组质粒pEGFPNl包裹后转染COS-7、MDCK和Marc145细胞,结果表明,经TritonX-114去除内毒素后的质粒DNA(A)与无热源质粒提取试剂盒制备的质粒DNA(B)的转染效率相当,比未经内毒素去除的质粒DNA(C)的转染效率高.将上述3种方法制备的pcDNAlacZ经PEI包裹后尾静脉注射小鼠.注射后每隔2 d扑杀小鼠,取其心、肝、脾、肺和肾组织,定量检测β-半乳糖苷酶的表达和持续时间,结果显示报告基因仅在小鼠的心、脾和肝组织中表达至第8天,A与B的表达水平接近,且明显高于C制备的pcDNALacZ的表达水平,提示经TritonX-114去除内毒素后的质枉DNA可提高转染效率和表达水平.多种动物体内注射重组质粒后,无体温升高等异常-临床表征,进一步说明了使用经TritonX-114去除内毒素的质粒DNA具备良好的安全性.     

DNA疫苗在动物医学上的研究进展

DNA疫苗,又称核酸疫苗或基因疫苗,是指将编码引起保护性免疫应答的目的基因片段插入质粒载体,然后将重组质粒直接导入机体,通过宿主细胞的转录系统表达目的抗原,进而诱生保护性免疫应答的一种生物制剂。目前在动物医学领域,DNA疫苗已经在许多动物身上进行了研究,并取得了一定的     

Modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine, AQUAVAC-ESC, lacks multidrug resistance plasmids

Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was first discovered in Edwardsiella ictaluri in the early 1990s, and in 2007 an E. ictaluri isolate harboring an IncA/C plasmid was recovered from a moribund channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with the bacterium. Due to the identification of multidrug resistance plasmids in aquaculture and their potential clinical importance, we sought to determine whether the modified live E. ictaluri vaccine strain in AQUAVAC-ESC harbors such plasmids, so that the use of this vaccine will not directly contribute to the pool of bacteria carrying plasmid-borne resistance. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the E. ictaluri parent isolate and vaccine strain demonstrated that both were sensitive to 15 of the 16 antimicrobials tested. Total DNA from each isolate was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a set of 13 primer pairs specific for conserved regions of the IncA/C plasmid backbone, and no specific products were obtained. PCR-based replicon typing of the parent isolate and vaccine strain demonstrated the absence of the 18 commonly occurring plasmid incompatibility groups. These results demonstrate that the vaccine strain does not carry resistance to commonly used antimicrobials and provide strong support for the absence of IncA/C and other commonly occurring plasmid incompatibility groups. Therefore, its use should not directly contribute to the pool of bacteria carrying plasmid-borne resistance. This work highlights the importance of thoroughly investigating potential vaccine strains for the presence of plasmids or other transmissible elements that may encode resistance to antibiotics.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gD核酸疫苗构建及IL-15基因佐剂对其免疫增强试验

运用PCR技术扩增出伪狂犬病病毒糖蛋白gD基因,将该基因定向克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3.1+、pCI-neo中,命名重组质粒为pcD-gD、pCI-gD.以小鼠为动物模型,对构建的基因疫苗进行免疫原性的初步评价.为了证明细胞因子是否能增强基因疫苗的免疫效力,本试验用IL-15的表达质粒联合pcD-gD、pCI-gD免疫.结果表明,重组质粒组主要提高细胞免疫水平,特别是联合组中的CD8~+相对其他组别较高.重组质粒在体液免疫方面没有表现出优势,抗体滴度达不到阳性对照组的水平,但是整个抗体水平相对稳定,提示DNA疫苗诱导的抗体维持时间较长.     

Modified Live Edwardsiella ictaluri Vaccine,AQUAVAC-ESC,Lacks Multidrug Resistance Plasmids

Abstract

Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was first discovered in Edwardsiella ictaluri in the early 1990s, and in 2007 an E. ictaluri isolate harboring an IncA/C plasmid was recovered from a moribund channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with the bacterium. Due to the identification of multidrug resistance plasmids in aquaculture and their potential clinical importance, we sought to determine whether the modified live E. ictaluri vaccine strain in AQUAVAC-ESC harbors such plasmids, so that the use of this vaccine will not directly contribute to the pool of bacteria carrying plasmid-borne resistance. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the E. ictaluri parent isolate and vaccine strain demonstrated that both were sensitive to 15 of the 16 antimicrobials tested. Total DNA from each isolate was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a set of 13 primer pairs specific for conserved regions of the IncA/C plasmid backbone, and no specific products were obtained. PCR-based replicon typing of the parent isolate and vaccine strain demonstrated the absence of the 18 commonly occurring plasmid incompatibility groups. These results demonstrate that the vaccine strain does not carry resistance to commonly used antimicrobials and provide strong support for the absence of IncA/C and other commonly occurring plasmid incompatibility groups. Therefore, its use should not directly contribute to the pool of bacteria carrying plasmid-borne resistance. This work highlights the importance of thoroughly investigating potential vaccine strains for the presence of plasmids or other transmissible elements that may encode resistance to antibiotics.

Received May 6, 2011; accepted July 22, 2011     

Induction of immune responses in sheep by vaccination with liposome-entrapped DNA complexes encoding Toxoplasma gondii MIC3 gene

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that has been extensively studied due to its medical and veterinary importance in terminating pregnancies. Consequently, a satisfactory vaccine is required to control its adverse effects on pregnant animals. The microneme protein, MIC3, is a major adhesion protein that binds to the surface of host cells and parasites, and is therefore a potential vaccine against T. gondii. The viability of MIC3 as a vaccine is investigated in this study. Sheep were injected twice, intramuscularly, with plasmids containing DNA encoding for the mature form of MIC3 protein formulated into liposomes. Control sheep were injected with an empty vector or received no injections. The injection of sheep with DNA plasmids encoding for MIC3 elicited an immune response after the first and second injections as indicated by antibody responses and the production of IFN-gamma. The immune response, as measured by the IgG2 and IgG1 serum levels, was boosted after the injection of the MIC3 DNA vaccine together with high anti-MIC3 antibodies. The results demonstrate that the intramuscular injection of sheep with a plasmid containing DNA coding for MIC3 protein induces a significant and effective immune response against T. gondii.     

Potential of auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda double-knockout mutant as a delivery vector for DNA vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

To evaluate potential of an auxotrophic Edwardsiella tarda mutant (Δalr Δasd E. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for DNA vaccine in fish, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were immunized with the E. tarda mutant harboring plasmids (pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP) for eukaryotic expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene through either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route, and the expression of eGFP in the internal organs and generation of antibody against eGFP in fish were analyzed. In fish i.p. injected with 2×10(7)CFU/fish of Δalr Δasd E. tarda harboring pG02-ASD-CMV-eGFP, expression of eGFP was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 28 days post-injection. In fish orally administered with 1×10(9)CFU/fish of the bacteria, the eGFP band was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen from 1 day to 14 days post-administration, whereas, in intestine, the band was detected only at 1 day post-administration. Either oral or i.p. immunization of olive flounder with recombinant E. tarda that carried eGFP-expressing eukaryotic plasmids was successful to induce humoral adaptive immunity against not only E. tarda that was used as a delivery vehicle but also eGFP that was used as the reporter protein of DNA vaccine, suggesting attenuated E. tarda-vectored DNA vaccine has a potential to be used as a combined vaccine against infectious diseases in fish.     

实时荧光定量PCR对瘤胃纤维分解菌定量方法的构建

试验构建了白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌及产琥珀酸丝状杆菌等3种瘤胃纤维分解菌实时荧光绝对定量PCR的标准品及标准曲线,以用于纤维分解菌的定量测定。提取瘤胃微生物总DNA,以各菌特异性引物进行PCR扩增,回收纯化PCR产物,与pMD18-T Vector连接并转化到大肠杆菌。用氨苄青霉素培养基筛选阳性重组质粒,提取含目的片段质粒DNA,通过PCR及测序鉴定重组质粒。根据OD值确定浓度,将梯度稀释的质粒作为模板,进行荧光定量PCR反应做出标准曲线。结果表明:所构建的3条标准曲线具有很高的相关性(R2>0.999),并获得了高扩增效率产物(白色瘤胃球菌为101%、黄色瘤胃球菌为98.0%、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌为97.7%),说明成功构建了瘤胃纤维分解菌实时绝对定量PCR的标准品和标准曲线,为定量研究瘤胃纤维分解菌奠定基础。     

禽核酸疫苗的研究进展

本文对禽用（鸡、鸭、火鸡）核酸疫苗的研究进行综述。首先描述禽用核酸疫苗的进展：病原,质粒以及免疫途径。其次,描述提高核酸疫苗免疫效果的方式：接种途径,疫苗剂量以及首免时间,增加宿主细胞对质粒的摄入,添加免疫增强分子,优化质粒骨架和密码子,疫苗抗原的选择,异源性的首免-加强免疫策略。最后,描述禽用核酸疫苗的其他特点：接种后质粒的去向,免疫反应的特点以及核酸疫苗的其他用途。     

结核分支杆菌Mtb8.4真核、原核表达质粒的构建与表达

低分子质量蛋白抗原Mtb8.4是一种非常重要的结核分支杆菌抗原,为了研制结核病核酸疫苗和进行结核病的诊断,分别将其构建到原核和真核载体中进行表达。以结核分支杆菌标准菌株H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增目的基因Mtb8.4,扩增产物酶切后分别克隆到真核表达载体pJW4303和原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构成重组真核表达载体pJW-Mtb8.4和重组原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4,用限制性内切酶消化,PCR扩增及DNA序列分析等多种方法鉴定;并将正确构建的原核表达载体转入E.coliBL21(DE3)plysS中,IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,重组真核表达载体pJW-Mtb8.4和重组原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4构建成功。构建的真核重组质粒pJW-Mtb8.4即可作为结核病DNA疫苗。原核表达载体pGEX-Mtb8.4在BL21(DE3)plysS中成功表达,将表达蛋白进行纯化,作为保护性结核分支杆菌抗原以便检测DNA疫苗的免疫效果。     

An update on antileishmanial vaccine candidates and prospects for a canine Leishmania vaccine

Dogs are the domestic reservoir for Leishmania infantum, the parasite causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in both the Old and New Worlds. Since the available methods for canine leishmaniasis treatment and control have limited efficacy, the development of a canine Leishmania vaccine is highly desirable. Mechanisms of antileishmanial immune responses in murine, human, and canine infections are briefly presented. Vaccine candidates, including live or killed parasites, Leishmania purified fractions, defined recombinant parasite antigens, live recombinant bacteria expressing Leishmania antigens and antigen-encoding DNA plasmids, are reviewed. Finally, some practical requirements for the evaluation of vaccine candidates in dogs are indicated.     

双顺反子表达质粒在DNA疫苗研究中的应用

简述了DNA疫苗的研究概况，介绍了真核双表达质粒的结构特点及其在基因佐剂和二价DNA疫苗中的应用情况，总结分析了双表达质粒的优点和存在的问题，并对其今后在DNA疫苗中的研究方向和前景进行了展望。