福州市中小学生皮下脂肪发育规律的研究

文章报告了对福州市4778名中小学生皮褶厚度，瘦体重的测试结果并结合身高、体重等指标进行分析，发现其规律是：女生的皮下脂肪发育速度快于男生，且各个年龄组的皮褶厚度及体脂率均大于男生，随着年龄增长，这种差异明显增大；男女生身体成分的发育与身高的突增关系密切；城市学生皮下脂肪发育速度明显快于乡村学生。     

湖南省侗族学生体脂发育状况分析

目的分析湖南省侗族学生体脂发育规律，为少数民族儿童青少年生长发育的相关研究提供依据。方法根据分层整体抽样的原则，对湖南省通道侗族自治县7～17岁的侗族学生1982名进行体格发育测量，计算上臂肱三头肌位和肩胛下角位的皮褶厚度之和，并运用长岭公式估测体密度，用Brozek公式计算体成分。结果男生皮褶厚度随年龄增长呈现波浪式递增趋势，女生的皮褶厚度呈现持续递增；体脂率的发育变化规律男、女生均呈现出“N”形的变化；瘦体重均表现为随年龄增长而递增。侗族学生的皮褶厚度、体脂率和瘦体重与身高、体重和胸围均呈正相关。侗族学生的皮褶厚度及体成分发育在青春期前后呈现出明显差异。结论湖南省侗族学生体脂发育及瘦体重偏低，体质与营养状况低于全国儿童青少年平均水平。     

北京宣武区中小学生身体成分分析

目的：评价北京市宣武区中小学生身体成分及其影响因素，比较1995年与19996年身体成分变化。方法；对宣武区7－18岁男女学生进行体格发育并运用长龄体密度公式和Brocek体脂公式推算体密度和体脂。结果：1995年宣武区7－18岁男女生与1986年相比皮褶厚度和体脂率发育水平明显提高，瘦体重发育水平有所下降，女生明显，随着年龄增长，男生体重增长以瘦体重增加为主；女生则以脂肪增加为主。皮褶厚度和体脂率增加是胸围和体重增长的主要因素。结论：目前宣武区中小学生体重明显增长似以脂肪增长为主。肥胖儿体重超出正常部分全部为脂肪，瘦体重普遍低于正常学生。     

学生体成份及ROHRER指数与男生首遗女生初潮年龄的关系

对成都市城乡3139名和中小学生的女生半数月经初潮年龄（12．9岁）与体脂增长速度高峰年龄（13岁）和男生半数首次遗精年龄（14．4岁）与瘦体重增长速度高峰年龄（13岁）关系的分析提示，青春期性发育与形态发育间有密切的联系，并认为用皮褶厚度法间接推算出的女生体脂／男生瘦体重，对于预测女生月经初潮和男生首次遗精的来临、指导适时开展青春期保健和健康教育具有一定意义。     

2005年山东省部分大学生身体发育与体成分调查

[目的]了解大学生身体发育及体成分现况,为改善大学生体质状况提供依据。[方法]对2005年山东省学生体质健康调研中山东师范大学部分大学生的身体测量数据进行分析。[结果]检测城市男生408人,乡村男生407人,城市女生410人,乡村女生361人。胸围城市男生高于乡村男生(P<0.01),城市女生低于乡村女生(P<0.05);身高、体重均为城市男生高于乡村男生,城市女生高于乡村女生(P<0.01);体重指数城市男生高于乡村男生(P<0.01),城市女生与乡村女生的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);皮褶厚度、体脂肪均为城市男生高于乡村男生,城市女生高于乡村女生(P<0.01);瘦体重城市男生高于乡村男生(P<0.01),城市女生与乡村女生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);体脂比城市男生高于乡村男生,城市女生高于乡村女生(P<0.01)。[结论]农村大学生的身高、体重及皮褶厚度、体脂肪、瘦体重都低于城市大学生。     

湘西州7～15岁苗族学生皮褶厚度及体成分分析

目的 了解湘西州7～15岁苗族学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育特点,为增强少数民族学生体质提供参考。方法 2019年10—11月分层整群随机抽取湘西州7～15岁苗族学生1 064名,测量身高、体重和肱三头肌皮褶(TS)、肩胛下皮褶(SS)、腹部皮褶(AS)厚度。根据长岭和Brozek公式估算体成分。结果 随着年龄的增长,苗族学生皮褶均逐渐增厚,男生13岁、女生12岁后增幅明显;各年龄组女生TS、SS与AS均厚于男生,8岁(t=2.659、2.392、2.264)、11岁(t=3.317、3.251、3.179)、13岁(t=5.196、3.943、4.651)、14岁(t=5.941、4.630、3.228)和15岁(t=4.822、4.292、3.210)年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);体脂率、脂肪质量及其指数均值女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01);男女生瘦体质量及其指数年龄变化曲线逐渐上升并出现2次交叉;除男生体脂率外,体成分各指标与皮褶厚度均与年龄呈显著正相关(P<0.01);与8个族群比较,苗族男生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(9.22 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(7.33 mm)与怒江怒族较为接近,女生肱三头肌皮褶厚度(11.98 mm)与内蒙达斡尔族、肩胛下皮褶厚度(9.35 mm)与广东瑶族较为接近。结论 湘西州苗族农村学生皮褶厚度及体成分发育符合生长发育一般规律,皮下脂肪含量相对较少,并存在性别和年龄差异。     

8—13岁儿童体成分测定

应用生物电阻抗法及皮褶厚度两种方法对8－13岁的男女学生238名进行238体成分测定。结果表明，生物电阻抗法测定的体脂百分比（F％）、体脂肪量（F）和瘦体重（L），男生分别为21．6％、7．9kg和28．9kg，女生为24.4％、8.7kg和26.3kg；皮褶厚度计算的F％。F、L，男生分别为15.7％、5．9kg和30．1kg，女生为18．3％、6．7kg和28．4kg。两种方法计算的体成分有一定差异。     

沈阳市汉族学生皮下脂肪发育的研究

目的:了解沈阳市汉族学生皮下脂肪发育规律。方法：采用邵象清的人体测量学方法，对沈阳市1380名中小学生上臂肱三头肌部和肩胛下角部的皮褶厚度及体脂发育情况进行调查。结果：随着年龄的增长，男生肢体部皮褶变薄，而躯体部皮相变厚，其男生体脂在青春期前呈增加趋势，而在青春期后则逐渐下降；其女生肢体部和躯干部皮相均变厚，体脂随年龄的增长而增加，且在青春期后增加迅速。各年龄组女生皮相厚度均大于男生，青春期以后更为明显。结论：沈阳市汉族学生皮下脂肪发育年龄和性别差异与儿童青少年身心发育阶段相关。     

安徽省7～18岁学生体成分人体测量指标的年龄性别特征和城乡差异

[目的]了解安徽省城乡男女学生体成分指标的年龄、性别变化特征。[方法]利用2005年中国学生体质与健康调研安徽省7～18岁7 200名城乡中、小学生的腹部、上臂、肩胛下角3处皮脂厚度的测量数据,根据长岭晋吉公式估测体密度、Brozek公式估算体成分,得到城乡男女学生瘦体重和体脂百分含量指标。[结果]3处皮脂厚度、体脂百分含量和瘦体重均随年龄而增加。男生3处皮脂厚度随年龄增加缓慢,10岁时达到最大值,而女生3处皮脂厚度随年龄增加显著;3处皮脂厚度、体脂百分含量、瘦体重的城乡学生中存在差异,城市学生高于乡村学生。瘦体重男生处于优势,而女生体脂百分含量在整个青春期都增加显著。[结论]调查结果符合儿童期及青春期男孩和女孩的生长发育特征,男生主要以瘦体重增长为主,女生主要以体脂增长为主。3处皮脂厚度、瘦体重、体脂百分含量的城市学生都高于乡村学生,说明安徽省城市学生的营养水平可能略高于乡村学生。     

大连市汉族学生皮下脂肪发育研究

目的：探讨大连市学生皮下脂肪发育规律。结果：采用邵象清的人体测量学方法,对大连市汉族１１９０名中小学生上臂肱三头肌部和肩胛下角部的皮褶厚度及体脂发育情况进行调查。结果：随着年龄的增长,男生肢体部皮褶变薄,而躯干部皮褶变厚,女性则肢体部和躯干部皮褶均变厚。男生体脂在青春前呈逐年增加趋势,而在青春期后则逐年下渐;女生体脂随年龄的增长而增加,且在青春期后增加迅速。各年龄组女生皮褶厚度均大于男生,且在１３     

不同发育期双生子皮褶厚度及体成分分析

目的 分析遗传与环境因素不同发育期双生子皮褶厚度及体成分的作用特点.方法 测量376对6～18岁同性别双生子(同卵245对,异卵131对)肱三头肌、肩胛下皮褶厚度,用长岭和Brozek公式估算体成分;用Mx软件拟合最佳模型,计算各指标遗传与环境方差组分,分析年龄、性别和不同发育期的作用.结果 全部双生子分性别校正年龄后,各指标遗传度在0.59～0.87之间;不同发育期各指标遗传度存在差异,肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、2处皮褶厚度之和、体脂百分比的遗传度男生在青春期前期最低,分别为0.55,0.62,0.53,0.51,女生在青春期晚期最低,分别为0.53,0.43,0.24,0.40;男、女瘦体重遗传度随青春期发育进程呈增加趋势.结论 遗传因素对儿童青少年皮褶厚度和体成分起主要作用,但年龄、性别和不同发育阶段对其也有一定影响.     

信阳市7～18岁学生肥胖流行现状

目的:了解信阳市中小学生超重和肥胖流行现状,为制定学生肥胖防治措施提供依据。方法:于2007年采用简单随机抽样原则,抽取在信阳市区出生和成长的7～18岁汉族学生2449名,其中男生1220名,女生1229名。测量学生的肱三头肌和肩胛下角部的皮褶厚度,并通过皮褶厚度推算体密度,计算全身体脂含量,再利用体脂含量判断肥胖率;性别差异比较使用大样本的U检验。结果:学生体脂含量女生随年龄的增长而增加,男生则在11岁时达高峰呈逐渐下降趋势,生长曲线男女无交叉现象。而且相同年龄段的体脂含量均是女生高于男生,并且除11岁年龄组外,其他年龄组差异均有统计学意义(U1.96,P0.05)。7～18岁学生总体非肥胖、超重、轻度肥胖和中重度肥胖比率男生分别为64.6%,12.2%,10.5%和12.7%,女生分别为65.7%、10.9%、10.7%和12.6%,经统计学检验差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.075,P0.05)。结论:信阳市中小学生的超重和肥胖率普遍偏高,预防中小学生肥胖应逐步成为今后学校卫生工作的重点。     

Prenatal compared with parental origins of adolescent fatness

BACKGROUND: Differences in prenatal growth influence postnatal body fat. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the role of parental body composition on the "tracking" of adolescent fatness. DESIGN: The study population consisted of 1993 white subjects and their parents. Measurements were taken at birth and again at the age of either 15, 16, or 17 y. The newborns were classified in 3 groups: small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age. The mothers and fathers of the adolescents were classified into low and high subgroups on the basis of measurements of body mass index (BMI). Similarly, the mothers of the adolescents were classified into lean and fat subgroups on the basis of measurements of triceps skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Heavy newborns became heavier or fatter adolescents only when the mother or father was also fat and, among heavy newborns, the risk of becoming fat adolescents was approximately 5.7 times higher when the mother was fat rather than lean. CONCLUSIONS: Large newborns become fat adolescents only when the mother or father is also overweight or fat (ie, has either a high BMI or large skinfold thickness). These findings suggest that fatness during adolescence is related to parental fatness but not to prenatal fatness. Therefore, preventing higher levels of adiposity among newborns is unlikely to reduce overall adiposity in adolescence.     

Adolescent skinfold thickness is a better predictor of high body fatness in adults than is body mass index: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) during adolescence is predictive of BMI at adult age. However, BMI cannot distinguish between lean and fat body mass. Skinfold thickness may be a better predictor of body fatness. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between BMI and skinfold thickness during adolescence and body fatness during adulthood. DESIGN: We included 168 men and 182 women from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, a prospective study that conducted 8 measurements of BMI and skinfold thickness between 1976 and 2000. BMI and skinfold thickness during adolescence were analyzed in relation to adult body fatness measured at a mean age of 37 y with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: None of the boys and 1.7% of the girls were overweight at baseline, whereas the prevalence of high body fatness during adulthood was 29% in men and 32% in women. At the ages of 12-16 y, skinfold thickness was more strongly associated with adult body fatness than was BMI. Age-specific relative risks for a high level of adult body fatness varied between 2.3 and 4.0 in boys and between 2.1 and 4.3 in girls in the highest versus the lowest tertile of the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses. For the highest tertile of BMI, the relative risk varied between 0.8 and 2.1 in boys and between 1.3 and 1.8 in girls. CONCLUSION: Skinfold thickness during adolescence is a better predictor of high body fatness during adulthood than is BMI during adolescence.     

云南省七个民族学生月经初潮、首次遗精与形态发育的关系

目的 了解云南省7个民族学生月经初潮和首次遗精与形态发育之间的关系,为研究学生生长发育规律和开展青春期性教育提供依据。方法 利用2014年全国学生体质健康调研数据,分析云南省7个民族学生月经初潮和首次遗精对身高、体重、胸围和维尔维克指数的影响。结果 男生性成熟年龄晚于女生,2014年云南省7个民族女生月经初潮半数年龄最小为汉族(12.28岁)、傣族(12.40岁),最大为哈尼族(13.06岁)、傈僳族(13.04岁),男生首次遗精半数年龄最小为佤族(13.43岁)、纳西族(14.01)岁,最大为傈僳族(15.29岁)、哈尼族(14.60岁);女生来潮组的形态发育状况好于未来潮组(P值均<0.05),男生已遗精组与未遗精组的差异,只有部分项目有统计学意义。结论 应针对不同性别、种族、地域特点,适时适量进行青春期性教育,加强少数民族学生的膳食营养,改变不合理膳食结构和饮食习惯,强化体育锻炼,更好地促进学生的生长发育。     

Singaporean Chinese adolescents have more subcutaneous adipose tissue than Dutch Caucasians of the same age and body mass index

Data on weight, height and skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) of 101 Singaporean Chinese adolescents (49 girls and 52 boys), aged 16-18 years, were compared with data of Dutch Caucasians (52 girls, 37 boys) of the same age. Age did not differ between the sexes in each ethnic group or between the ethnic groups within each sex group. The Chinese females were shorter, lighter and had a lower BMI, but the sum (mean +/- SD) of four skinfolds was much higher (69.1+/-15.4 mm) than in Caucasian girls (52.4 +/- 17.8 mm). Also, the Chinese boys were shorter and lighter, but their body mass index was not lower compared to Caucasian boys. Their skinfold thickness was, as in girls, much higher compared to Caucasians (48.8 +/- 17.0 mm versus 31.1 +/- 10.2 mm). After correcting for (non significant) differences in age and skinfold thickness the Chinese adolescent girls had a 3.3 +/- 0.4 kg/m2 (mean +/- SE) lower body mass index than their Caucasian counterparts. Singapore Chinese boys had a 2.7 +/- 0.4 kg/m2 lower body mass index mean+/-SE) than their Caucasian counterparts. Similarly, predicted body fat percent was 5.8+/-0.6 percent points higher (mean +/-SE) in Singapore Chinese girls compared to their Caucasian counterparts of the same age and body mass index. Singapore Chinese boys had 6.0+/-0.6 percent more body fat percent (mean+/-SE) than Caucasians of the same age and body mass index. The data confirm the high body fat percent/low body mass index relationship in Singaporean Chinese as is reported earlier in the literature for adults and children.     

Anthropometric measurements in the elderly population of Santiago, Chile

OBJECTIVE: There are few studies on anthropometry and nutritional status in large and representative samples of elderly populations in Chile and South America. We describe age and sex differences in weight, height, body mass index, knee height, waist circumference, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle area, and calf circumference in Chilean elderly subjects. METHODS: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 1220 elderly persons (819 women and 411 men; age range, 60-99 y) were recruited in the city of Santiago (Chile) through a probabilistic sampling procedure carried out from October to December 1999. RESULTS: Men were significantly heavier and taller than women in all age groups, whereas body mass index values were significantly higher in women than in men. All anthropometric variables showed a decrease in average values with aging in men and women. The apparent negative slopes for the decline in average values of body weight with aging was of greater magnitude in women than in men (-0.42 kg/y and -0.54 kg/y in male and female subjects, respectively). However, significant age x sex interaction was detected only for triceps skinfold thickness. In women, quadratic terms for age provided a significantly better fit than did the simple linear model for the association between age and weight, body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, calf circumference, or midarm circumference. CONCLUSION: These observations indicated that body weight changes associated with aging might be more severe in Chilean women than in men, probably determining a differential pattern of lean and fat mass loss.