硼掺杂还原态氧化石墨烯催化剂的制备及其蒽催化加氢性能的研究

制备了一系列硼掺杂的还原氧化态石墨烯催化剂并应用于蒽加氢反应。结果表明,随着催化剂处理温度的升高,催化剂中有序碳结构会发生变化,硼会取代材料骨架中的碳,进而影响蒽和氢气的吸附活化。经硼改性后,催化剂对蒽加氢反应表现出了很高的加氢活性,蒽的最高转化率可达97%,深度加氢产物八氢蒽的最高选择性可达19%。     

多环芳烃在贵金属催化剂上竞争加氢反应的研究

采用水蒸汽脱铝获得了超稳Y载体, 并用离子交换法制备了金属含量约为0.8 wt%的双贵金属催化剂. 用NH₃程序升温脱附、X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附等方法表征了载体和催化剂. 以萘、蒽、芘加氢为模型反应, 在高压反应釜中研究了催化剂的加氢活性以及它们之间竞争加氢的反应. 结果表明, 催化剂具有深度加氢的能力. 萘与蒽竞争加氢的结果表明, 蒽的加氢活性高于萘加氢活性, 并且蒽抑制萘加氢, 萘抑制了八氢蒽向全氢蒽的转化. 说明对于分子动力学直径相当的混合体系中, 多环物质抑制少环物质的加氢. 分子动力学直径不同的萘与芘加氢结果表明, 萘的转化率始终高于芘的转化率, 并且单和混合体系中萘和芘的转化率变化程度不大, 说明分子能否扩散进入分子筛孔道内也是影响加氢活性的重要因素.     

蒽酮与β-硝基苯乙烯的不对称Michael加成反应

不对称催化Michael加成反应是一类重要的形成碳—碳键的反应,以蒽酮作为亲核试剂的不对称Michael反应报道甚少.以手性伯胺硫脲作为催化剂,对蒽酮与硝基苯乙烯的不对称有机催化Michael加成反应进行了研究.实验结果表明,所用的伯胺硫脲均具有较好的催化活性(80%～95%收率),其中硫脲4a得到了较高的对映选择性.对反应条件进行优化后,以乙醚为溶剂,使用5%摩尔分数催化剂4a和苯甲酸,研究了多个硝基苯乙烯类底物和蒽酮的Michael加成反应,获得了优异的化学收率(95%～98%)和较好的对映选择性(最高86%ee).     

褐煤催化加氢气化实验研究

在加压固定床反应器中研究了碱金属K对褐煤加氢气化的催化作用,考察了温度、压力和催化剂添加量对褐煤加氢气化反应性能的影响。结果表明,碱金属K对褐煤加氢气化具有良好的催化效果,气化反应的碳转化率约为95%,产品气中甲烷的质量分数可达89%;升高温度、提高压力和增加催化剂添加量均能明显提高气化反应性能,催化剂的饱和添加量约为15%。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和气体吸附/脱附分析,对不同催化剂添加量煤样的表面形态和孔结构进行分析,发现比表面积和孔容积随K添加量的增加先减少后增大。     

金鸡纳碱衍生物修饰的负载钌催化剂催化芳香酮不对称加氢

以金鸡纳碱衍生物作为手性修饰剂,研究了三苯基膦(tpp)稳定的1.0%Ru/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化芳香酮多相不对称加氢,考察了稳定剂种类、修饰剂种类、金属负载量、溶剂、碱添加剂种类等因素对不对称加氢反应的影响.结果表明,金鸡纳碱衍生物对1.0%Ru/γ-Al2O3/2tpp催化剂具有较好的修饰作用,在优化的反应条件下苯乙酮及其衍生物加氢反应的对映选择性达78%～98%,2-乙酰基噻吩加氢反应的对映选择性可达80%,2-乙酰基呋喃加氢反应的对映选择性可达75%.     

纳米HZSM-5沸石酸度的调节及对液化气裂解反应的影响

通过对纳米HZSM-5沸石进行钠离子浸渍改性和在小型常压固定床反应器中开展碳四液化气催化裂解制丙烯反应研究,探讨了催化剂酸度对反应选择性的影响.结果表明,钠离子改性能够选择性地去除纳米HZSM-5沸石表面的强酸中心,而对弱酸中心则基本无影响.在用钠离子改性基本上消除催化剂强酸中心的情况下,混合碳四液化气的催化裂解反应主要发生在丁烯分子上,丙烯的最高选择性可达60%,丙烯和乙烯的总选择性可达80%.     

分散型纳米二硫化钼的制备及其对模拟油浆的加氢处理催化性能

以二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（Mo-DTC）和六羰基钼（Mo（CO）₆）为前驱体、水热法合成了分散型纳米MoS₂,采用X-ray射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）和程序升温脱附法（NH₃-TPD）等方法对其进行了表征。利用三种烯烃（辛烯、苯乙烯、反式二苯乙烯）、苯并噻吩和蒽等构建模拟油浆体系,结合气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析,对分散型纳米MoS₂的模拟油浆加氢处理催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,不同预处理条件下制备出的催化活性样品均为2H-MoS₂,但各样品的结晶度、颗粒尺寸、硫化程度及其酸性质等均有所不同,其中,总酸量差别较小;以Mo-DTC和Mo（CO）₆为前驱体的优选硫化条件分别为380℃/30 min 和370℃/30 min,所得到的催化剂对烯烃和噻吩的加氢活性较高。其中,Mo-DTC基纳米MoS₂催化剂的烯烃加氢饱和转化率高达98.10%,加氢脱硫率为94.51%,而蒽的部分加氢饱和转化率则较低,为29.47%,且无八氢蒽（8HN）或全氢蒽的生成。Mo（CO）₆基纳米MoS₂催化剂的加氢效果则略差,烯烃加氢饱和转化率为94.01%,加氢脱硫率为89.01%,对蒽的加氢饱和转化率为24.20%,无8HN或全氢蒽的生成。总体而言,由Mo-DTC所制备的MoS₂催化剂具有烯烃高效饱和、含硫化合物高效脱硫、芳烃浅度加氢饱和的效果,且油浆加氢处理反应的选择性及催化稳定性均更高。     

Cu3/2PMo12O40改性骨架镍催化剂上羰基和碳-碳双键的加氢反应

 研究了Cu3／2PMo12O40表面改性的骨架镍催化剂上含羰基化合物（正丁醛、异丁醛、丙酮、丁酮和环己酮）及含碳－碳双键化合物（苯、糠醇和1－辛烯）的加氢反应．结果表明，随着骨架镍催化剂上Cu3／2PMo12O40附着量的增加，含羰基化合物的加氢反应速率上升，而含碳－碳双键化合物的加氢反应速率下降．与未改性的骨架镍催化剂相比，当骨架镍催化剂上Cu3／2PMo12O40附着量为6．3％时，羰基的加氢活性提高2倍以上，碳－碳双键的加氢活性下降30％以上．计算了各种化合物在催化剂上的表观活化能．结果表明，Cu3／2PMo12O40表面改性的骨架镍催化剂上，羰基加氢反应的表观活化能降低，而碳－碳双键加氢反应的表现活化能升高．从动力学角度讨论了Cu3／2PMo12O40对骨架镍催化剂的影响．用XPS对骨架镍表面的Cu3／2PMo12O40进行了研究，发现杂多酸盐的Keggin型结构已被破坏，Cu3／2PMo12O40分子中的Cu2＋被还原为Cu0，而Mo6＋被部分还原为Mo5＋和Mo4＋；Cu2＋和Mo6＋价态的变化是由骨架镍表面吸附的活泼氢所引起的．羰基加氢选择性的提高是Cu0和混合价态Mo共同作用的结果．     

助剂镍/钴对磷化钨催化剂加氢精制性能的影响

在共浸渍法制备磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂基础上，分别加人1％、3％、5％、7％和9％(占活性组分比例)的助剂镍或钴，制得负载30％含助剂镍／钴磷化钨／γ-Al2O3系列催化剂，考察了助剂及其加人比例对催化剂加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能的影响．结果表明，加人适当比例的助剂镍或钴，有利于提高磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，当助剂含量分别为5％镍或7％钴时，催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫率最高；助剂镍对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氮反应不利，而加人适当比例助剂钴有利于提高催化剂加氢脱氮活性，当助剂钴含量为5％时，催化剂吡啶加氢脱氮率最高．温度对磷化钨／γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢精制性能有一定影响，高温有利于加氢脱硫反应，低温有利于加氢脱氮反应．     

非晶态合金催化剂NiB、NiB/TiO2的制备、表征及其环丁烯砜加氢催化活性的研究

分别采用化学还原法和浸渍还原法制备了系列NiB及NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂，用XRD、ICP、SEM、SAED和DSC等技术对催化剂的物性进行了表征，并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应，研究了制备条件(镍硼摩尔比、滴加方式和金属离子浓度)对非晶态合金催化剂加氢活性的影响。结果表明，选择镍硼摩尔比为1：2，Ni^2 浓度为0．1mol／L，采用正滴加方式(将KBH4溶液滴加到Ni(NO3)2溶液中)所制得的NiB非晶态合金催化剂环丁烯砜加氢活性优于RaneyNi催化剂，对于NiB／TiO2负载型非晶态合金催化剂，镍的实际负载量达14．5％时，NiB／TiO2与NiB的环丁烯砜加氢催化活性相当。     

Properties of Pd–Ag/C catalysts in the reaction of selective hydrogenation of acetylene

Samples of Pd/C and Pd–Ag/C, where C represents carbon nanofibers (CNFs), are synthesized by methane decomposition on a Ni–Cu–Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The properties of Pd/CNF are studied in the reaction of selective hydrogenation of acetylene into ethylene. It is found that the activity of the catalyst in hydrogenation reaction increases, while selectivity decreases considerably when the palladium content rises. The obtained dependences are caused by the features of palladium’s interaction with the carbon support. At a low Pd content (up to 0.04 wt %) in the catalyst, the metal is inserted into the interlayer space of graphite and the catalytic activity is zero. It is established by EXAFS that the main share of palladium in catalysts of 0.05–0.1 wt % Pd/CNF constitutes the metal in the atomically dispersed state. The coordination environment of palladium atoms consists of carbon atoms. An increase in the palladium content in a Pd/CNF catalyst up to 0.3 wt % leads to the formation of highly dispersed (0.8–1 nm) Pd particles. The Pd/CNF samples where palladium is mainly in the atomically dispersed state exhibit the highest selectivity in the acetylene hydrogenation reaction. The addition of silver to a 0.1 wt % Pd/CNF catalyst initially probably leads to the formation of Pd–Ag clusters and then to alloyed Pd–Ag particles. An increase in the silver content in the catalyst above 0.3% causes the enlargement of the alloyed particles and the palladium atoms are blocked by a silver layer, which considerably decreases the catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene.     

The Effect of Chemical Reducing Agents in the Synthesis of Sol-Gel Ru-Sn Catalysts: Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde

The influence of chemical reduction on the properties of bimetallic Ru-Sn/SiO₂ catalyst was studied. Prepared sol-gel catalysts were reduced by NaBH₄, KBH₄, H₂, and CH₂O. Physical and catalytic properties of reduced catalysts were compared to non-reduced ones in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The influence of boron impregnation was investigated. The observed hydrogenation activity and selectivity towards cinnamylalcohol were effected by reduction pretreatment. The NaBH₄ reduced catalyst exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Reduction pretreatment influenced the pore sizes, active metal surface as well as content of carbon impurities. Traces of the reduction agents were detected in the catalysts. Boron impregnation presumably improved the catalyst activity, but had a minor effect on the selectivity.     

Hydrogenation of Anthracene and Dehydrogenation of Perhydroanthracene on Pt/C Catalysts

The hydrogenation of anthracene on a heterogeneous catalyst containing 3 wt % Pt/C (Aldrich) at 215, 245, and 280°C and the pressures of 40 and 90 atm is studied. The hydrogenation of anthracene to a completely hydrogenated product is considered in detail. The final product (perhydroanthracene) consists of five conformational isomers with total selectivity of more than 99%. The ratio of perhydroanthracene isomers in the end product is shown to be determined by the conditions (P, T) of hydrogenation. The rate of hydrogenation is found to slow upon an increase in the degree of benzene ring saturation. A mixture of perhydroanthracene isomers is dehydrogenated in an autoclave at 260?325°C on 3 wt % Pt/C catalyst (Aldrich) and in a flow reactor at 300–360°C on 3 wt% Pt/Sibunit catalyst. The reactivity of perhydroanthracene isomers in dehydrogenation is shown to differ.     

炭包覆氧化铝负载镍催化剂的制备和表征及其催化加氢性能

以炭包覆A12O3(CCA)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了17%Ni/CCA催化剂,采用热重-差示量热扫描、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原和X射线衍射等手段对样品进行了表征,并用于粗1,4-丁二醇加氢反应中.结果表明,炭的引入显著改变了Al2O3的表面性质、负载Ni的存在形态以及金属.载体间...     

Syntheses and structures of hypervalent pentacoordinate carbon and boron compounds bearing an anthracene skeleton--elucidation of hypervalent interaction based on X-ray analysis and DFT calculation

Pentacoordinate and tetracoordinate carbon and boron compounds (27, 38, 50-52, 56-61) bearing an anthracene skeleton with two oxygen or nitrogen atoms at the 1,8-positions were synthesized by the use of four newly synthesized tridentate ligand precursors. Several carbon and boron compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis, showing that compounds 27, 56-59 bearing an oxygen-donating anthracene skeleton had a trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) pentacoordinate structure with relatively long apical distances (ca. 2.38-2.46 A). Despite the relatively long apical distances, DFT calculation of carbon species 27 and boron species 56 and experimental accurate X-ray electron density distribution analysis of 56 supported the existence of the apical hypervalent bond even though the nature of the hypervalent interaction between the central carbon (or boron) and the donating oxygen atom was relatively weak and ionic. On the other hand, X-ray analysis of compounds 50-52 bearing a nitrogen-donating anthracene skeleton showed unsymmetrical tetracoordinate carbon or boron atom with coordination by only one of the two nitrogen-donating groups. It is interesting to note that, with an oxygen-donating skeleton, the compound 61 having two chlorine atoms on the central boron atom showed a tetracoordinate structure, although the corresponding compound 60 with two fluorine atoms showed a pentacoordinate structure. The B-O distances (av 2.29 A) in 60 were relatively short in comparison with those (av 2.44 A) in 59 having two methoxy groups on the central boron atom, indicating that the B-O interaction became stronger due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the fluorine atoms.     

Hydrogenation of naphthalene and anthracene on Pt/C catalysts

Hydrogenation of naphthalene and anthracene deposited on Sibunit and active carbon was studied. The reactions were carried out at a temperature of 280 °C and a pressure of 90 atm. The directions for the complete hydrogenation of the investigated substrates were studied. Correlations between the structures of naphthalene and anthracene and their activity in hydrogen absorption are presented. The hydrogenation rates decrease as the substrate is saturated with hydrogen.     

纳米碳管负载金属镍催化叶绿素加氢反应

用等体积浸渍法制备了纳米碳管负载金属镍催化剂，采用电镜(TEM）、红外光谱（IR）对催化剂的形貌、结构进行了表征.并考察了常温常压下不同Ni负载量的催化剂对叶绿素加氢反应的性能.结果表明，纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应过程中保持高分散态，不会发生团聚.而经过硝酸氧化后的纳米碳管负载镍催化剂在催化反应中表现出高的活性.当Ni负载量为7％时，催化活性最好，叶绿素分子开环生成各种小分子.     

B(C6F5)3-catalyzed metal-free hydrogenations of 2-quinolinecarboxylates

A metal-free hydrogenation of 2-quinolinecarboxylates has been realized by using 5?mol% of B(C₆F₅)₃ as catalyst. A variety of tetrahydroquinolines were obtained in 57–99% yields. An attempt for the asymmetric hydrogenation with chiral boron Lewis acids generated from chiral dienes afforded very low ee’s.