基于形态学的复杂背景目标检测算法的研究

复杂背景下目标检测存在诸多困难,主要为背景对目标检测的干扰,大量噪声存在导致传统导数边缘检测方法的失效等。针对上述两点,提出了分割区域图像、利用形态学方法检测目标的新算法。首先利用目标与背景灰度差异性来确定目标的大致区域,将其分割出来,然后再结合多结构元素法进行目标的精确检测。通过与原图像分割、聚类算法分割实验比较,该算法具有较好的抗干扰性和抗噪性能。     

基于平稳小波变换的有噪弱目标检测方法的研究

利用平稳小波变换的多尺度边缘检测算法分别对模糊图像、低对比度图像和加入噪声的图像进行了边缘检测,验证了多尺度二次B样条小波的检测效果,也比较了三种小波局部模极大值方法在抗噪性、计算量及检测效果等方面的性能,并且针对对比度低,受噪声污染严重的目标图像,提出一种能够根据不同背景计算出自适应阈值的新方法,使其在抗噪的同时又能较好地提取出微弱目标边缘。实验证明,利用多尺度二次B样条小波边缘检测算法能有效地排除噪声干扰,准确地提取出微弱边缘,可以实现3%对比度下的有噪图像的目标探测问题。     

基于灰度形态学和邻域熵值的弱小目标检测

 提出了一种弱小目标检测的新方法。从实际应用出发，考虑到复杂的背景和大量的干扰噪声，对传统熵值检测算法进行了改进，采用邻域熵值变化为检测标准。为了提高此方法的有效性，结合了灰度形态学滤波来对图像进行预处理。该检测算法的全过程为:首先对图像进行形态运算;然后对形态波后的图像进行邻域熵的计算;接着以计算所得的邻域熵的最大值和最小值为依据对图像进行分割,得到目标或目标边缘所处位置;最后用实地拍摄的空中弱小目标真实图像进行了实验验证。结果发现：该新方法可对弱小目标、大目标、多目标进行检测，且检测速度快，抗噪声干扰能力强。     

模糊和遗传算法在路况检测中的应用研究

文章研究了一种适合于路面病害识别的图像边缘检测算法。针对目前模糊边缘检测算法在路况图像检测中存在低灰度图像信息丢失和检测速度较慢等问题,提出了一种基于模糊和遗传算法的路况图像边缘检测算法。该方法使得模糊处理后丢失的低灰度信息得以恢复,提高了算法的效率,增强了算法的适应性。实验表明,较传统的模糊边缘检测算法,该算法能有效检测出图像中的低灰度信息,检测效果良好,而且运算速度快。     

基于改进Sobel算子的边缘检测算法的研究

针对传统Sobel边缘检测算法对噪声敏感的缺点进行了分析,提出了自适应权值的改进算法,该权值的大小取决于Sobel算子模板内像素灰度值之和。通过不同形式的噪声图像处理对比,结果表明,该算法不仅计算简单,而且具有较强的抗噪能力,对图像边缘有较高的检验精度,极大地改进了图像边缘识别的效果。     

航拍图像的路面裂缝识别EI北大核心CSCD

针对航拍沥青路面图像识别的噪声和干扰问题,提出一种应用于航拍图像的路面裂缝识别算法。根据路面区域与路旁景观区域灰度级数分布不同,采用多方向拟合的区域生长方法联合HSV颜色空间阈值进行路面区域分割,提取包含完整裂缝信息的单通道路面;再通过改进的形态学滤波剔除面积较大的干扰区域,利用结合显著性分析的边缘检测算法识别路面的裂缝片段,实现复杂裂缝与路面纹理噪声的区分;自动筛选存在裂缝的图像,针对裂缝可疑区域,结合人眼辅助观察标记并计算其长度。结果表明,该算法可有效剔除图像中的噪声和干扰,较好地识别沥青路面的裂缝,裂缝宽度的识别精度能达到9.7mm,分类识别准确率大于80.0%,长度测量准确率大于75.0%。     

基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的红外弱小目标检测

针对低信噪比灰度图像中弱小目标检测的难题,分析了红外弱小目标成像的特点,提出了基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的目标检测算法.利用目标运动的连续性、规律性和噪音产生的随机性,结合数学形态学结构元素的特点,研究了一种多结构元素形态滤波的管道滤波方法,通过流水线管道检测目标运动轨迹.实验结果表明,该算法应用于复杂背景下低信噪比的红外弱小目标图像能够得到较理想的结果,并且目标检测概率高,速度快,虚警率低.     

航拍图像的路面裂缝识别

针对航拍沥青路面图像识别的噪声和干扰问题,提出一种应用于航拍图像的路面裂缝识别算法。根据路面区域与路旁景观区域灰度级数分布不同,采用多方向拟合的区域生长方法联合HSV颜色空间阈值进行路面区域分割,提取包含完整裂缝信息的单通道路面;再通过改进的形态学滤波剔除面积较大的干扰区域,利用结合显著性分析的边缘检测算法识别路面的裂缝片段,实现复杂裂缝与路面纹理噪声的区分;自动筛选存在裂缝的图像,针对裂缝可疑区域,结合人眼辅助观察标记并计算其长度。结果表明,该算法可有效剔除图像中的噪声和干扰,较好地识别沥青路面的裂缝,裂缝宽度的识别精度能达到9.7mm,分类识别准确率大于80.0%,长度测量准确率大于75.0%。     

基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的红外弱小目标检测

针对低信噪比灰度图像中弱小目标检测的难题,分析了红外弱小目标成像的特点,提出了基于多结构元素形态滤波与自适应阈值分割相结合的目标检测算法.利用目标运动的连续性、规律性和噪音产生的随机性,结合数学形态学结构元素的特点,研究了一种多结构元素形态滤波的管道滤波方法,通过流水线管道检测目标运动轨迹.实验结果表明,该算法应用于复...     

基于累积梯度的裂缝提取算法

受光照条件和噪声影响, 采用摄像方法检测裂缝时, 常用的边缘提取算法适用性较差。为此, 提出累积梯度算法用于计算裂缝边界。首先采用自适应二值化方法和图像形态学操作得到掩模图像。将掩模图像作用于原始图像, 得到扩充的裂缝区域图像。对该图像进行迭代膨胀, 对图像灰度值相加得到累积灰度值, 再用膨胀前后2幅图像的累积灰度值相减其差值最大时为累积梯度, 并将膨胀前的图像作为提取的裂缝。实验结果表明该方法能够在复杂背景下提取得到裂缝。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.