光亮剂的连续滴加控制怎样实施？

答：生产中只要有几个医用废弃的盐水瓶及带针头皮管，效仿“输液”，即以此作为光亮剂的连续滴加控制的设施。具体装置如下：（1）做一挂杆用来挂装有光亮剂溶液的瓶架子，可系在工房顶梁上似日光灯悬于镀槽上方，也可做成落地支撑架子位于槽旁某处，以不妨碍操作为宜：（2）将事先配成的光亮剂滴液分装在所用的瓶内。     

实用信息

钕铁硼永磁材料光亮镀镍多种有机添加剂配伍工艺本发明公开了钕铁硼永磁材料光亮镀镍多种有机添加剂配伍工艺,包括至少含有光亮剂和润湿剂的有机添加剂,光亮剂包括有初级光亮剂和次级光亮剂;初级光亮剂、次级光亮剂     

光亮酸性镀铜出现树枝状沉积层何故？如何解决？

答：这种现象通常与光亮剂有关：（1）光亮剂组分不平衡。添加配槽时所用的光亮剂即可改善；（2）光亮剂加入不当。光亮剂需要适当稀释后，并在强烈搅拌下慢慢加入镀液。     

氯化钾镀锌光亮剂的制备

以平平加O-25为起始原料合成了氯化钾镀锌光亮剂的载体,以苄叉丙酮为主光亮剂配制了镀锌光亮剂,此光亮剂用量在每升电镀液36 ml和阴极电流密度在1 A/dm2～2 A/dm2时得到满意的光亮镀层.测得的电镀液的浊点为82℃.     

光亮剂对化学镀镍层性能及结构的影响

研究了酸性化学镀镍溶液的贵金属离子、重金属离子光亮剂对镀层硬度、结合力、孔隙率以及耐蚀性的影响,并通过AFM,XRD和XPS,分析光亮剂对镀层组织结构的影响.结果表明:贵金属离子光亮剂能明显提高EN镀层的耐蚀性,而重金属离子光亮剂降低了EN镀层的耐蚀性;两种光亮剂都能降低镀层的表面粗糙度,使构成镀层胞状物变小,并使镀层的非晶结构更加明显,镀态镀层表面Ni以Ni原子和Ni2 离子形式存在,P以负价离子和PO43-离子的形式存在,光亮剂的加入利于镀层表面形成磷酸镍的保护膜.     

如何防止镀液中积累杂质并净化镀液(中)

（接上期）3有机杂质活性炭吸附法3．1正确选用光亮剂及其用量从源头减少主要有机杂质的来源（1）随着科技的进步，现在已经出现了许多种电镀光亮剂，特别是各种商业的光亮剂。由于光亮剂的出现，使过去需要靠机械抛光才能达到的光亮度的镀种，可以直接从镀槽中镀出镜面光泽的镀层。这种光亮剂，以往只用于镀镍等少数镀种。现在，几乎所有镀种都有不同类型的光亮剂，给电镀工业带来了很大的进步。     

镀钴光亮剂的研究进展

概述近十年来镀钴及其合金光亮剂研究进展,系统介绍了七种类型光亮剂及其镀液的特点、用途、操作条件及有关配方,还就光亮剂的选择与使用的同题提出了几点看法。     

怎样防止锌酸盐镀锌镀层起泡?

生产实践证明,当锌酸盐镀锌电解液管理不善时,不如氰化镀锌电解液可靠。镀层起泡与很多因素有关:首先是添加剂和光亮剂的质量。当选用的添加剂不当或用量过多,或使用了过多的阳离子光亮剂,会造成镀层夹杂严重,使镀层应力加大;阴极极化太大,会造成初始状态渗氢过多;易造成镀层起泡。生产中,各类添加剂均应采取少加勤加的办法。对工作较久的电解液,添加剂的分解产物积累过多,应定期或连续循环用活性炭吸附去除。     

光亮剂对化学镀镍磷合金镀层的影响

为了优化酸性化学镀Ni-P镀液中光亮剂的配方,运用试验方法确定了复合光亮剂的最佳成分配比,通过对不同光亮剂条件下镀层宏观形貌的观察与分析,结果表明:1000mL镀液中,添加12mL CdSO4、12.5mL C4H6O2、23mL C12H25NaO3S的复合光亮剂进行施镀,可得到镜面光亮的镀层,镀层中晶粒尺寸呈纳米尺度.     

865无机光亮剂低氰镀锌新工艺的研究

本文论述以865无机光亮剂的低氰光亮镀锌新工艺。在低氰镀锌液中加入微量的865无机光亮剂(0.1～0.35克/升),可提高镀锌层的抗蚀性,防止锌层生白锈,减小镀层的脆性,使镀层结晶细致光亮,具有美丽的外观。其镀液具有较高的电流效率、均镀能力、深镀能力和极化性能。它克服了长期使用无机光亮剂硫化钠沉淀多、脆性较大和有机光亮剂易分解、脆性大、不易分析的缺点。而且含有865无机光亮剂镀锌液分析简单,易于控制。是今后碱性镀锌无机光亮剂又一个发展的方向。     

复合电沉积Ni-MWCNTs及镍电结晶的研究

研究了水平阴极方式复合电沉积Ni-MWCNTs(Ni-多壁碳纳米管).采用硫酸镍基础电解液,添加适当表面活性剂和光亮剂,MWCNTs为2～2.5 g/L,电流密度为2.5 A/dm2时,获得的Ni-MWCNTs沉积层结构致密,复合沉积层中MWCNTs含量达22.45%.复合电沉积层表面微观形貌照片显示,MWCNTs在复合电沉积层中占主要体积,镍的电结晶形态呈球形,结晶点位置位于MWCNTs管壁缺陷处及部分管端处,MWCNTs的管端和管壁缺陷处的Ni晶粒相互连接,形成牢固的复合沉积层.复合电沉积层中MWCNTs含量受电解液中MWCNTs浓度、电流密度以及光亮剂影响,在MWCNTs上的Ni沉积层连续性直接受MWCNTs管壁上缺陷的数量和连续性影响,形成晶核的缺陷尺度至少在1 nm以上.     

The structure and properties of electroless Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings on copper alloy

In the present study, the quaternary Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings were deposited on copper alloy by an electroless deposition process. Crystallization behavior and the effect of heat‐treatment on hardness and corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P deposits were detailedly investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that as‐deposited Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings are Ni–Mo–Cr–P solid solution and mixed crystal structure; the trend of microcrystallinity increases with the introduction of additional types of metal element; Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings start to occur in the crystallization with the heat‐treatment temperature increasing. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the hardness improves and reaches the maximum value at 500 °C. Further, it is found that Ni–Mo–Cr–P coatings have superior corrosion resistance than Ni–P and Ni–Mo–P deposits after the analysis of electrochemical measurements. Moreover, corrosion resistance increases before annealed at 400 °C, but heat‐treatment at higher temperatures has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of Ni–Mo–Cr–P alloy coatings.     

非晶态镍磷合金的组织结构与性能

研究了化学沉积非晶态镍磷合金的组织结构与性能。结果表明,随着沉积层中磷含量的增加,合金的非晶化趋势提高,非晶态镍磷合金层的硬度和耐磨性能下降,且明显低于晶态镍磷合金;经过大于６１３Ｋ的时效处理,非晶态镍磷合金晶化且有Ｎｉ３Ｐ生成,沉积层的硬度和耐磨性得以提高并超过晶态合金;非晶态镍磷合金经过时效处理晶化后且组织结构发生变化,耐腐蚀性能下降,硬化性能则提高。     

化学镀Ni—Cr—P合金镀层在NaCli溶液中的耐蚀性

用电化学方法研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ合金镀层在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的耐蚀性,结果表明Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ镀层与Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层的阳极极化曲线形状相似,自腐蚀电位正移１５０ｍＶ以上,自腐蚀电流降低近３倍,在钝化区的阳极是约１个数量级,镀层的耐蚀性提高。     

Ni-P合金化学镀非晶态合金的耐蚀性研究

研究了化学镀非晶态Ni-P合金的耐蚀性及耐蚀机理,证明了非晶态Ni-P合金化学镀镀层具有良好的耐蚀性能。     

化学镀Ni-Fe-P和Ni-Fe-P-B合金的耐蚀性研究

利用失重法和电化学测试法,对比研究以铝合金为基体化学镀Ni-Fe-P和Ni-Fe-P-B合金的耐蚀性.结果表明:这两种镀层浸泡在3.5%NaCl和10%NaOH溶液中均比浸泡在0.1mol/L H2SO4和1mol/L HCl中有更好的耐蚀性.另外,在3.5%NaCl和10%NaOH溶液中,Ni-Fe-P-B镀层合金比Ni-Fe-P有更好的耐蚀性;但是在0.1mol/L H2SO4和1mol/L HCl溶液中,Ni-Fe-P镀层合金却比Ni-Fe-P-B有更好的耐蚀性;     

Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀工艺研究

采用正交设计法对Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀工艺进行了优化。研究了镀液成分，工艺参数对复合镀层厚度，显微硬度，耐蚀性，耐磨性的影响，结果表明，Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀层的显微硬度，耐磨性优于Ni-P化学镀层的，弥散分布的Al2O3颗粒能显著减缓复合镀层在较高温度下的软化趋势。     

Impedance spectroscopy studies of electroless Ni–P matrix,Ni–W–P,Ni–P–ZrO2, and Ni–W–P–ZrO2 coatings exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution

Ni–P matrix, ternary Ni–W–P and Ni–P–ZrO₂ coatings, and quaternary Ni–W–P–ZrO₂ coatings were deposited using electroless method from a glycine bath. Their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for various immersion times in a 3.5% NaCl solution. From among the investigated coatings, the ternary Ni–W–P coatings show the highest resistance to corrosion in the first hour of exposure to the 3.5% NaCl medium. An addition of ZrO₂ adversely affects the performance of both the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings. For all the coatings, including the ones containing tungsten, a marked decrease in pore resistance (R_por) over time is observed. This means that their corrosion resistance and capacity to protect the substrate decline. On the other hand, after 24 h immersion in the 3.5% NaCl solution the Ni–W–P coating shows the highest low‐frequency impedance modulus (|Z|_{f = 0.01 Hz}). As regards corrosion resistance, the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings perform best.     

(Ni-P)-SiC-PTFE化学复合镀层摩擦性能研究

通过磨损试验及表面显微观察 ,测试并分析了 (Ni P) SiC PTFE化学复合镀层的耐磨性、自润滑性等摩擦性能。实验结果表明 :(Ni P) SiC PTFE复合镀层的耐磨性、自润滑性高于化学镀 (Ni P)镀层。该复合镀层可用于高性能塑料模具的表面处理     

Electrodeposition of high corrosion resistant Ni–Sn–P alloy coatings from an ionic liquid based on choline chloride

With the objective of obtaining corrosion resistant coatings, ternary Ni–Sn–P alloy coatings were electrodeposited from a deep eutectic solvent and their composition, morphology and corrosion resistance were investigated as a function of electrodeposition potential. A comparison was made with a Ni–P binary alloy coating electrodeposited under similar conditions. Cyclic voltammetry, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, potentiodynamic polarisation, open circuit potential-time and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used for studying the electrodeposition behaviour, chemical composition and coatings corrosion performances, respectively. The chemical compositions of the ternary Ni–Sn–P alloy films contained about 4.4–10.3?wt-% Sn, 7.2–8.1?wt-% P and Ni (balance). X-ray diffraction patterns of the ternary Ni–Sn–P deposits revealed a single and broad peak, becoming wide with an increase in Sn content, showing that the structures of all the deposits were nanocrystalline or amorphous. Corrosion tests showed that ternary Ni–Sn–P alloy coatings exhibited considerably better barrier corrosion resistance than binary Ni–P coatings, and their corrosion resistance improved with an increase in Sn content.