折流式超重力旋转床转子结构对气相压降的影响

折流式超重力旋转床是继旋转填料床之后出现的一种新型高效的气液传质设备.今采用空气-水系统对折流式旋转床进行了气相压降实验,考查了折流式转子结构对气相压降的影响,建立了折流式旋转床干床气相压降的理论模型.实验结果表明:折流式旋转床转子结构对气相压降影响较大,在动静折流圈结构不变的情况下,动静盘垂直间距存在某一最优值,通过实验得到了实验中所用的折流式旋转床的最佳转子高度为90 mm,实验也验证了旋转床设计时采用的等通流面积原则是符合气体运动规律的;干床压降理论模型的计算结果与实验值符合较好,为建立湿床压降模型奠定了基础.     

折流式旋转床用于四氢呋喃甲醇水体系的萃取精馏

介绍了折流式旋转床应用于萃取精馏过程分离四氢呋喃-甲醇-水体系的情况,先通过Aspen Plus模拟软件优化工艺参数,再设计相应的折流式旋转床设备,工业应用表明,产物四氢呋喃中甲醇的质量分数达0.0024%,满足了用户甲醇质量分数小于0.01%的要求。与填料塔相比,折流式旋转床的高度为前者的1/7,体积为前者的1/2。     

降低乙腈产品中重组分含量的分析及对策

乙腈是丙烯氨氧化生产丙烯腈的主要副产之一,为得到高纯度的乙腈产品,必须将乙腈中的氢氰酸、丙烯腈、水、重组分等微量杂质分离。通过对乙腈精制生产工艺的分析,找出了影响乙腈成品中重组分含量的原因所在,制定最佳工艺参数,通过有效的工艺控制,使乙腈成品中重组分含量由平均675.6×10-6降到299.8×10-6,乙腈产品纯度也由99.88%提高到99.94%,产品质量大幅度提高。     

超重力反应结晶法合成微细针状碳酸钙研究

采用超重力反应结晶法，在旋转填充床（RPB）反应器中，以Ca(OH)2-CO2为反应物系，MgCl2作为晶形控制剂，合成出了短轴为80－200nm、长径比为12－20且短轴及长径比分布较窄的微细针状碳酸钙，并对Ca(OH)2初始浓度、气液比、旋转床转速、反应温度以及MgCl2浓度等因素的影响进行了深入的研究。结果表明，当Ca(OH)2初始浓度为6．0％－7．5％、气液比为0．08－0．2、旋转床转速为900－1200r.min^-1，反应温度为55－75℃、MgCl2浓度为2．0％－6．0％时能稳定地生成微细针状文石型碳酸钙。合成等量的针状碳酸钙，超重力反应结晶法所需碳化时间约为文献值的1／18。     

制药废液中回收乙腈与DMF

针对乙腈与水共沸体系的分离进行了盐析实验研究 ,配制了适合于乙腈、水和二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF)体系的复合盐析剂 ,通过小试实验的验证 ,该盐析剂适用于工业应用 ,得到的乙腈产品纯度为 99 7% ,DMF产品的纯度为 99 5 % ,根据小试实验的工艺条件 ,设计了年处理制药废水5 0 0t,生产无水乙腈 2 0 0t的工业装置。     

溶剂回收的新型设备--折流式超重力旋转床

折流式超重力旋转床是一种新型、高效的精馏设备，主要介绍了其结构特点和工作原理，与常用填料式旋转床相比，折流式超重力旋转床可以更方便地实现连续精馏操作所必需的中间进料，并可以同一轴安装多个转子以提高单台设备的分离能力，而在转子之间没有动密封，其在有机溶剂回收精馏过程中成功的工业应用，展示出十分广阔的应用前景。     

折流式旋转床有效功耗的初步研究

折流式旋转床是一种新型的同心圈式超重力设备,电机功率消耗是折流式旋转床设计时需要考虑的重要因素.本文对折流式旋转床的有效功耗进行了初步的实验研究,并提出了一种新的有效功耗计算方法,为旋转设备功耗研究和折流式旋转床工业应用提供了一定基础.折流式旋转床有效功耗可以分成两部分,即分散液体功耗和加速液体功耗.通过理论分析,得到了折流式旋转床有效功耗的计算模型.实验以水为介质,在不同液量和转速下测得有效功耗.结果表明,转速一定时,有效功耗随着液量的增加近似呈线性增加,且转速越大,有效功耗随液量增加越快.通过对实验数据的回归,得到单个同心圈转子有效功耗的计算模型,实验值与回归计算值相对偏差基本在20%以内.通过对包含4个同心圈转子的折流式旋转床有效功耗的验证结果可知,4个动圈有效功耗计算值的总和比实验测量值高20%左右,对折流式旋转床的工程放大有一定意义.     

折流式旋转床液相功耗数学模型

折流式旋转床是新型的超重力旋转床,其转子由安装动折流圈的动盘与安装静折流圈的静盘上下相互嵌套而成。液体在转子中流动,把转子分成数个膜流区。对膜流区建立了液相功耗的理论数学模型,求解模型得到了液相功耗计算值。实验在转子直径600mm、高度80mm的折流式旋转床中进行,物系为水,测得了液相功耗的实验值。比较了模型计算值和实验测量值,两者比较接近,实验值是计算值的0.611～0.820倍。根据液相功耗数学模型,得出液相功耗与液体流量、液体密度呈正比,与转速的平方呈正比。该模型的建立为旋转床液相功耗的研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

用超重力技术进行锅炉给水脱氧

用一台处理水量10t/h的超重机作为锅炉给水脱氧的中试侧线装置，该装置在燕山石化向阳化工厂的动力分厂与70t/h高压锅炉给水脱氧系统并联安装，并进行了运转实验，利用工厂的废热蒸汽或低压蒸汽（表压0．3MPa)脱氧，锅炉用水经超重机一次脱氧，不需加入化学除氧剂，水的含氧量为5．8－6．8μg/L，达到了中、高压蒸汽锅炉给水含量小于7ug/L的标准，而且指标稳定，经过400h连续的运转考验，证明超重机的操作弹性大，填料固定结构和厚度确定合理。     

超重力旋转床脱除微米级粉尘的实验研究

用超细滑石粉模拟工业微米级粉尘,通过实验研究了超重力旋转床的除尘特性.考察了旋转床在不同的气量q<,G>、液量q<,L>、转速n和轴向放置平面丝网层数n<,m>下的除尘效果,确定了实验室规模下适宜的除尘工艺条件:q<,G>=600 m<'3>/h,q<,L>>0.6 m<'3>/h,N=1 400 r/min,n<,m...     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.