多障碍物环境下机器人的连续避障策略

本文针对多障碍物环境下,机器人避障过程中又出现障碍物这一情况,设计了一种避障策略,来实现机器人的连续避障并到达指定目标点的功能。在该策略中,设计了一套基于避障状态的方向选择规则,并提出了一种象限法,来决定机器人的当前行为。实验证明,该策略实现简单,并可较大限度地降低避障行为的盲目性和重复性。     

一种基于局部感知的多机器人动态跟随方法

主要研究了未知环境中的多机器人系统的无碰协调跟随问题, 提出了一种跟随机器人的基于局部感知的多模式控制方法, 分为到达、旋转角度调整、跟随、避障和随机搜索五种模式, 其中跟随模式采用模糊距离调整与角度调整策略实现对领航机器人的跟随并尽量与之保持一定的距离, 当需要避障时, 切线约束的避障策略使得自主机器人安全躲避潜在的危险. 该方法降低了多机器人系统对通讯的依赖性, 易于扩展, 通过实验对有效性进行了验证.     

基于模糊逻辑的多移动机器人自适应协作围捕

提出一种在未知动态环境下实现多移动机器人自适应协作围捕运动目标的整体方案,为成功实现围捕,设计了基于模糊逻辑的钳型夹击策略,模糊规则通过遗传算法学习获得.同时为躲避围捕过程中遇到的动态随机障碍,提出了基于碰撞风险的随机避障策略.围捕机器人的综合行为通过融合避障行为、合围行为和抓捕行为获得在MRS仿真环境下进行了模拟实验...     

人群环境中基于深度强化学习的移动机器人避障算法

为了控制移动机器人在人群密集的复杂环境中高效友好地完成避障任务,本文提出了一种人群环境中基于深度强化学习的移动机器人避障算法。首先,针对深度强化学习算法中值函数网络学习能力不足的情况,基于行人交互（crowd interaction）对值函数网络做了改进,通过行人角度网格（angel pedestrian grid）对行人之间的交互信息进行提取,并通过注意力机制（attention mechanism）提取单个行人的时序特征,学习得到当前状态与历史轨迹状态的相对重要性以及对机器人避障策略的联合影响,为之后多层感知机的学习提供先验知识;其次,依据行人空间行为（human spatial behavior）设计强化学习的奖励函数,并对机器人角度变化过大的状态进行惩罚,实现了舒适避障的要求;最后,通过仿真实验验证了人群环境中基于深度强化学习的移动机器人避障算法在人群密集的复杂环境中的可行性与有效性。     

基于行为的实时路径规划

针对室内移动机器人导航要求,开发了以二维激光雷达作为探测环境的传感器,基于4个反应式行为,设计了一种简单的实时路径规划算法.避障行为使机器人穿过狭小通道,或者在某些障碍物环境下绕出狭窄区域;接近行为使机器人顺着障碍物前进直到开阔地带;搜寻行为使机器人不断朝向目标运动;线性行为使机器人到达目标点.机器人表现出很强的路径寻找能力,并且不需要定位信息.仿真实验表明该算法速度快,实时性好,路径平滑无震荡,实现了有效避障.     

一种基于效益的多机器人避碰协调策略

多移动机器人系统在完成同时定位和地图构建SLAM任务时,机器人之间常常存在相互碰撞的问题,而这种碰撞的避免又不同于一般的避障,因为避障问题中的障碍物一般是不动的。为了解决机器人之间的避碰问题,提出了一种基于效益的多机器人避碰协调策略。该策略以提高多机器人系统探索效率为主,确定机器人通过交叉路口的顺序。同时考虑了动态协调避碰的情况,给出了确定机器人通过交叉路口顺序的算法。通过机器人在交叉路口实现避碰协调算法的仿真示例,对该方法的避碰协调过程进行了说明,并对仿真结果进行了分析,同时对仿真中机器人和目标位置的空间关系给出了合理的假设。     

起重吊装多机器人系统协作避障规划研究

针对起重吊装多机器人系统实际作业情况,进行了该机器人系统协作避障规划研究.首先,基于栅格法提出了优化姿态转角--动态栅格法的路径规划改进算法;其次,设计了基于传感器技术的自适应协作系统.该协作避障方法具备了寻找全局最优路线的能力,同时实现了多机器人系统内部的稳定协调合作;最后,建立了Matlab与LabVIEW联合仿真系统,仿真结果表明该系统是可行且高效的.     

一种基于动物捕食行为的机器人气味源定位策略

提出了一种基于动物捕食行为的机器人味源定位策略;该策略融合了气体传感器、风向传感器、超声传感器等传感器信息,考虑了搜寻味源过程中的避障及重复搜索问题,并给出了确认味源的条件.在动态的室内环境下,令机器人搜寻酒精泄漏源,结果表明,这种策略具有较高的搜寻效率和成功率.     

基于模糊神经网络在智能轮椅避障中的应用

针对机器人在未知环境中的避障问题,提出了一种多传感器信息融合的避障方法.利用多传感器(声纳、摄像头)来采集外部环境信息,使得智能轮椅在移动过程中可以得到更充分的外部环境信息;使用基于Takagi-Sugeno (T-S)模型的模糊神经网络来对环境信息进行融合;通过融合的结果来控制轮椅的避障行为.通过模拟实验验证和分析,表明了该方法在解决轮椅避障问题方面有很好的效果,同时优化了轮椅避障的路径,提高了智能轮椅使用的安全性和方便性.     

动态环境下分布式异构多机器人避障方法研究

多机器人系统在联合搜救、智慧车间、智能交通等领域得到了日益广泛的应用。目前,多个机器人之间、机器人与动态环境之间的路径规划和导航避障仍需依赖精确的环境地图,给多机器人系统在非结构环境下的协调与协作带来了挑战。针对上述问题,本文提出了不依赖精确地图的分布式异构多机器人导航避障方法,建立了基于深度强化学习的多特征策略梯度优化算法,并考虑了人机协同环境下的社会范式,使分布式机器人能够通过与环境的试错交互,学习最优的导航避障策略;并在Gazebo仿真环境下进行了最优策略的训练学习,同时将模型移植到多个异构实体机器人上,将机器人控制信号解码,进行真实环境测试。实验结果表明:本文提出的多特征策略梯度优化算法能够通过自学习获得最优的导航避障策略,为分布式异构多机器人在动态环境下的应用提供了一种技术参考。     

RoboNetSim: An integrated framework for multi-robot and network simulation

In networked multi-robot systems, communication plays a major role defining system’s dynamics and performance. Unfortunately, existing multi-robot simulators do not provide advanced communication models. Therefore, given the intrinsic unreliability of wireless communications, significant differences might be observed between simulation and real-world results.Addressing these issues, we present RoboNetSim, an integrated simulation framework for communication-realistic simulation of networked multi-robot systems. RoboNetSim integrates multi-robot simulators with network simulators. We present two model implementations based on ARGoS at the robotic side, and NS-2 and NS-3 as network simulators. We evaluate the framework in terms of accuracy and computational performance, showing that it can efficiently simulate systems consisting of hundreds of robots.Using the Stage simulator as an example, we also show the integration of a robotic simulator with RoboNetSim by only adapting robot controllers, without the need to adapt the general code of the simulator.Finally, we demonstrate the effects of communication on mobile multi-robot systems. We consider two different case studies: a distributed coordination and task assignment scenario, and a coordinated mobility scenario. We compare realistic network simulation with simplified communication models and algorithms, and we study the resulting behavior and performance of the multi-robot system and the impact of different parameters.     

基于无线网络C／S模式的多机器人协调控制研究

针对足球机器人比赛的需要,综合考虑比赛规则和机器人系统性能的优化,研究了多机器人的协调控制问题。基于无线网络C／S模式组建足球机器人系统的无线局域网。并提出利用服务器的协助决策功能,适时根据比赛情况进行球队队形和角色的动态选择,降低多机器人系统控制的复杂度,提高了球队的整体性能。实验结果证明了协调方案的有效性。     

Altruistic coordination for multi-robot cooperative pathfinding

When multiple robots perform tasks in a shared workspace, they might be confronted with the risk of blocking each other’s ways, which will lead to conflicts or interference among them. Planning collision-free paths for all the robots is a challenge for a multi-robot system, which is also known as the multi-robot cooperative pathfinding problem in which each robot has to navigate from its starting location to the destination while keeping avoiding stationary obstacles as well as the other robots. In this paper, we present a novel fully decentralized approach to this problem. Our approach allows robots to make real-time responses to dynamic environments and can resolve a set of benchmark deadlock situations subject to complex spatial constraints in a shared workspace by means of altruistic coordination. Specifically, when confronted with congested situations, each robot can employ waiting, moving-forwards, dodging, retreating and turning-head strategies to make local adjustments. Most importantly, each robot only needs to coordinate and communicate with the others that are located within its coordinated network in our approach, which can reduce communication overhead in fully decentralized multi-robot systems. In addition, experimental results also show that our proposed approach provides an efficient and competitive solution to this problem.     

基于网络的多操作者多机器人协作研究

研究基于网络的多操作者多机器人的协作方案,分别提出了针对机器人约束和非约束体协作条件下的协调策略,并在局域网内建立一个仿真实验系统对机器人协作进行仿真.在约束情况下以机器人协同搬运为研究点,提出采用"主、从"机器人控制方法,确定工件运动轨迹后采用位置反解算法确定机器人运动.在非约束情况下提出采用"时间戳"、"回滚"方法协调操作.在整个仿真系统中采用基于AABB的碰撞检测算法确保机器人操作的安全性.仿真实验的结果验证了协调策略的可行性和正确性.     

基于开放式多智能体结构的分布式自主机器人系统

针对多机器人系统的分布式自主控制,本文首先提出了一种开放式的多智能体结构,给出了 设计原则和技术特点．然后面向真实世界的多机器人实时协作任务,采用多台自主移动机器 人构造了一个多机器人系统, 该系统集成了包括机器人视觉、传感器融合、无线通讯网络 以及基于行为控制等多项技术．最后采用基于行为融合的加权方法,实现了多机器人的编队 控制,实验结果表明了上述体系结构与方案的有效性．     

一种星球探测系统多机器人通信机制研究

分析了一种可重构星球探测系统中多机器人通信的特点．根据多机器人系统的功能要求，在TDMA（时分多址）分时共享信道原理和击鼓传花机制的启发下，提出了一种新颖的多机器人无线通信机制．详细介绍了该通信机制和通信协议．仿真和通信实验同时验证了该机制的可行性和实用性．     

面向多机器人动态任务分配的事件驱动免疫网络算法

为实现多机器人系统的动态任务分配与协作,提出了一种面向多机器人动态任务分配的事件驱动免疫网络算法。将生物免疫网络的工作机理应用到多机器人动态任务分配算法中,借鉴Jerne的独特型免疫网络假说和Farmer提出的抗体激励动态方程,设计了多机器人任务分配与自主协作模型;基于事件驱动机制,设计了多机器人动态任务分配算法,并引入焦躁模型来解决任务死锁问题。仿真和实际多机器人系统实验结果表明,基于本文算法的多机器人系统在动态任务场景中具有较强的适应性和自主规划协调能力。     

Real-time exploration of a multi-robot rescue system in disaster areas

A system procedure is proposed for a multi-robot rescue system that performs real-time exploration over disaster areas. Real-time exploration means that every robot exploring the area always has a communication path to human operators standing by at a base station and that the communication path is configured by ad hoc wireless networking. Real-time exploration is essential in multi-robot systems for USAR (urban search and rescue) because operators must communicate with every robot to support the victim detection process and ad hoc networking is suitable to configure a communication path among obstacles. The proposed system procedure consists of the autonomous classification of robots into search and relay types and behavior algorithms for each class of robot. Search robots explore the areas and relay robots act as relay terminals between search robots and the base station. The rule of the classification and the behavior algorithm refer to the forwarding table of each robot constructed for ad hoc networking. The table construction is based on DSDV (destination-sequenced distance vector) routing that informs each robot of its topological position in the network and other essentials. Computer simulations are executed with a specific exploration strategy of search robots. The results show that a multi-robot rescue system can perform real-time exploration with the proposed system procedure and reduce exploration time in comparison with the case where the proposed scheme is not adopted.     

Cooperative exploration based on supervisory control of multi-robot systems

When multiple mobile robots cooperatively explore an unknown environment, the advantages of robustness and redundancy are guaranteed. However, available traditional economy approaches for coordination of multi-robot systems (MRS) exploration lack efficient target selection strategy under a few of situations and rely on a perfect communication. In order to overcome the shortages and endow each robot autonomy, a novel coordinated algorithm based on supervisory control of discrete event systems and a variation of the market approach is proposed in this paper. Two kinds of utility and the corresponding calculation schemes which take into account of cooperation between robots and covering the environment in a minimal time, are defined. Different moving target of each robot is determined by maximizing the corresponding utility at the lower level of the proposed hierarchical coordinated architecture. Selection of a moving target assignment strategy, dealing with communication failure, and collision avoidance are modeled as behaviors of each robot at the upper level. The proposed approach distinctly speeds up exploration process and reduces the communication requirement. The validity of our algorithm is verified by computer simulations.     

考虑通信状况的多机器人CSLAM问题综述

多机器人系统的通信状况能够直接影响协作同时定位与地图创建(Cooperative simultaneous localization and mapping, CSLAM)算法的设计和实现.根据对多机器人通信状况所作出假设的侧重点不同, 对多机器人CSLAM算法研究现状和进展进行综述.首先,简要介绍了基于完全连通通信条件的集中式CSLAM算法的特点和缺陷; 其次,结合多机器人系统初始相对位姿关系未知的情况,从地图配准、数据关联和地图融合等三个方面, 对基于通信范围或者带宽受限条件的分布式CSLAM算法的地图合并问题进行了分析和阐述; 进而重点对考虑稀疏动态通信状况的分布式CSLAM算法的最新研究成果进行了归纳总结. 最后指出多机器人CSLAM研究领域今后的研究方向.