Knowledge About the Probability of Change Affects Change Detection Performance.

The visual system continually selects some information for processing while bypassing the processing of other information, and as a consequence, participants often fail to notice large changes to visual stimuli. In the present studies, the authors investigated whether knowledge about the probability of particular changes occurring over time increased the likelihood that changes that were likely to occur in the real world (probable changes) would be detected. The results of two experiments showed that participants were more likely to detect probable changes. This occurred whether or not they were processing the scene in a meaningful manner or actively searching the scene for changes. Furthermore, participants were unable to accurately predict change detection performance for probable and improbable changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Change as chance

Our aim in this prospective study was to identify those patients who were found to have a colorectal cancer after a delay we considered unacceptable; this was taken as 6 months or more from initial presentation to a physician to diagnosis. It was then possible to determine the presenting complaints (always multiple) and the reasons for delay, in the hope that recommendations could be made regarding appropriate, rapid and thorough investigation of patients suspected of having a colorectal cancer. Of the total of 141 patients with colorectal cancer (108 elective, 33 emergency cases) under the care of one consultant during the period studied, 17 patients (12%) (10 men and 7 women), satisfied the criteria for late diagnosis. The mean age was 72.4 years (range 43-86 years). Five common presenting complaints were identified. They were, symptomatic iron deficiency anaemia, rectal bleeding, change in bowel habit, abdominal pain and weight loss. Incomplete imaging of the colon in patients with sinister presenting symptoms was the most commonly identified factor in delay of diagnosis. Inappropriate iron therapy and false-negative reporting of double contrast barium enema investigations were both seen in a number of cases. Other causes were, inappropriate surgical treatment and both clerical error and delay. The mean time for delay was 17.6 months (median 15 months). Late diagnosed cancers were most commonly found in the caecum and least commonly in the rectum. Colonic tumours of each Dukes' stage were identified, Dukes' B most common and Dukes' A least.     

Predicting Change in Adolescent Adjustment From Change in Marital Problems.

The present prospective, longitudinal study of 451 adolescents and their parents extends earlier research by investigating whether change in marital problems predicts change in adolescent adjustment, after controlling for other marital problems and socioeconomic status. Latent growth curves over a period of 5 years were used, and the results revealed that in general, increases or decreases in marital distress and conflict predicted corresponding increases or decreases in adolescent adjustment problems over time. In addition, the analyses suggested that increases in marital distress are as harmful for adolescent adjustment as increases in marital conflict. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

现阶段党内关怀的变化与实践——兼论党组织对内职能的转变

党内关怀是更富生活气息和人文内涵的党建工作内容.现阶段党内关怀呈现出视野更加开阔、目光触及日常生活层面和更加注重心理层面的特点,正在实现由义务本位向权力本位,党组织权力到党组织责任的转变,推动着党组织对内职能由管理型向管理服务型的转化.未来党内关怀工作的开展,要从强化忧患意识、公仆意识,节俭意识入手,创新体制机制,狠抓善抓落实.     

Change process research.

Argues that research on change processes is needed to help explain how psychotherapy produces change. To explain processes of change, it will be important to measure 3 types of outcomes—immediate, intermediate, and final—and 3 levels of process—speech act, episode, and relationship. Emphasis will need to be placed on specifying different types of in-session change episodes and the intermediate outcomes they produce. The assumption that all processes have the same meaning (regardless of context) needs to be dropped, and a context-sensitive process research needs to be developed. Speech acts need to be viewed in the context of the types of episodes in which they occur, and episodes need to be viewed in their relationship context. This approach would result in the use of a battery of process instruments to measure process patterns in context and to relate these to outcome. (52 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Project Change Management System

Changes in projects are common and may be deleterious or beneficial—whether you see a change as a conflict or a valuable lesson depends only on your prospective. Project changes affect the cost, the scheduling, and the duration of projects, both directly and indirectly. Despite many articles and much discussion in practice and academic literature, there is a lack of information about systematic approaches to manage project change. This paper introduces a comprehensive project change management system that is founded on five principles: (1) promote a balanced change culture; (2) recognize change; (3) evaluate change; (4) implement change; and (5) continuously improve from lessons learned. By applying this project change management system, project participants can minimize deleterious change and promote beneficial change.     

Change ... ouch!

Through change workshops, nurses can manage their emotions experienced during restructuring, such as losing familiarity, becoming insecure in their jobs, and grieving the loss of coworkers. The workshops focused on three themes: reminiscence, survival, and celebration.