隧道建设接尘人员矽肺合并肺结核调查研究

[目的]了解35年前的隧道建设接尘人员矽肺与结核发病状况,分析患者发现延迟及误诊原因,探讨矽肺合并肺结核发病规律及防治对策。[方法]用现状调查方法对62个乡镇参加建设的2 840名现存接尘人员进行调查。[结果]检出矽肺患者458人(Ⅰ期376人、Ⅱ期75人、Ⅲ期7人),患病率16.1%;矽肺合并肺结核95人,合并率20.7%(Ⅰ期合并率18.1%、Ⅱ期32.0%、Ⅲ期42.9%);在无尘肺的接尘人员中,肺结核检出率5.6%(133/2382)。肺结核病人发现延迟23.2%,矽肺病人发现延迟82.5%;矽肺误诊为肺结核76人,误诊率16.6%。[结论]矽肺病患者和粉尘作业人员是结核病易感人群,肺结核是矽肺病的主要并发症及死亡原因之一,应加强矽肺结核的预防控制工作。     

矽肺矿工肺结核患病情况及结核菌素反应的调查分析

[目的]调查矽肺矿工中肺结核的流行情况,评估非结核矿工对结核菌素的反应性。[方法]病例对照设计,选择189例男性矽肺病人为病例,110例无矽肺的接尘矿工为对照。调查所有研究对象肺结核患病情况、职业史,并将接尘工龄划分为3组(<20年,20年-,30年-)。剔除肺结核患者59人,对其余矿工进行PPD皮肤试验。[结果]Ⅰ期矽肺组肺结核合并率为16.4%,Ⅱ期为29.0%,Ⅲ期为72.7%。对照组矿工中接尘工龄≥30年者肺结核患病率最高。Ⅱ期矽肺组结核菌素反应强阳性率为22.7%,高于对照组的8.3%。有明确的结核病接触史者,结核菌素反应阳性和强阳性率高于无结核病接触史者。[结论]随着矽肺期别升高,肺结核患病率增加。PPD皮肤试验可以作为矽肺患者合并肺结核的初筛手段之一。     

尘肺患者的生存时间及死因分析

[目的]研究尘肺患者的生存情况并进行死因分析.[方法]追踪观察386名已经被诊断为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的尘肺患者,记录死亡的137名尘肺患者的死亡时间,死因和尘肺的期别.用K-M法进行生存分析.[结果]已确诊为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的137名尘肺患者的生存时间分别为29.3年、27.3年、14.0年,Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ比较,差别非常显著(P《0.001);与Ⅰ期相比,Ⅱ期患者的危险度为1.03倍(95% CI 0.77-1.36),Ⅲ期患者的危险度为1.57倍(95%CI 1.09-2.16);冬季死亡63例,其次是春季40例,共103例,占75.1%;死因分别为肺炎37例(27.0%),肺结核21例(15.3%),非特异性肺感染7例(5.1%),肺癌22例(16.1%),其他癌症10例(7.3%),脑血管意外和其他病因12例(8.8%);386名尘肺患者并发肺结核占14.3%,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期矽肺患者中,分别有10.0%、20.2%、32.4%合并肺结核.[结论]冬春两季是尘肺患者死亡较多的季节;尘肺期别越高,生存时间越短;肺炎、肺结核、肺癌是尘肺患者的主要死因.     

广西某县外出务工农民矽肺患者的追踪调查

目的 了解原广西某县外出海南金矿务工农民矽肺患者目前的健康状况.方法 对矽肺患者的健康状况及病变进展情况进行调查,并对矽肺死亡患者的死亡情况进行调查分析.结果 在某金矿务工被确认为矽肺的152名患者中,存活138名,死亡14名,平均死亡年龄为(44.0±5.6)岁,死亡率为9.2%(14/152),其中,单纯矽肺死亡5例,矽肺并发肺结核死亡9例.在86名住院矽肺患者中咳嗽、咳痰、气紧、胸闷、胸痛等自觉症状的发生率,肺功能异常率、心电图异常率分别为81.4%、76.7%、45.3%、59.5%、30.2%、52.3%、39.3%.86名住院患者中,73名原Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的矽肺患者(含矽肺并发结核患者)有7人晋期(Ⅰ期晋Ⅱ期3人,Ⅱ期晋Ⅲ期4人),62名原单纯矽肺患者有8人感染肺结核,感染率为12.9%(8/62);矽肺并发肺结核患病率为37.29%(32/86).结论 广西某县外出海南金矿务工农民工矽肺患者矽肺病变明显进展,矽肺结核是影响患者健康的重要并发症和主要死亡原因.     

某矿晚发型矽肺病例调查

[目的 ]了解某矿接尘工人晚发型矽肺的患病情况 ,为更好地做好健康监护工作提供科学依据。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 0年12月对某矿现有矽肺病人进行回顾性调查。 [结果 ] 2 45名矽肺患者中 ,离尘后发病的 10 7例 ,占 43 67%。其中 ,现有Ⅰ期病人 86例 ,Ⅱ期病人 19例 ,Ⅲ期病人 2例 ;接尘工龄平均 19 78年 ( 4 7～ 42年 ) ,发病至脱尘时间平均 8 2 7年 ( 1～ 3 2 4年 ) ;初次诊断矽肺时 (发病 )年龄平均 5 0 79岁 ,其中 45～ 5 9岁占 81 3 1% ;运搬、手锤、风钻、爆破、支柱等矿山坑内作业工种合计占 88 77% ,2 0世纪 5 0～ 60年代开始接尘的占 81 3 1% ;肺结核合并率为 13 0 8%。 [结论 ]该矿接尘工人离尘后发生矽肺的较多 ,大都从事主要工种 ,接尘工人离尘后应定期安排健康检查。     

某村办石英厂民工矽肺发病及死亡情况的调查

为了解民工矽肺发病及死亡情况,调查其职业接触史和了解作业场所劳动卫生情况,我们对某乡回乡民工进行职业健康检查,询问自觉症状,收集、整理死亡民工生前就诊、治疗医学资料。共体检89人,检出矽肺患者46人,占受检人数的51．69％。其中Ⅲ期矽肺7人,Ⅱ期矽肺21人,Ⅰ期矽肺18人,矽肺患者平均年龄36．3岁,平均接尘月龄25个月。13名死亡民工,Ⅲ期矽肺和Ⅱ期矽肺各有4人,其中女性1人。     

养路工人矽肺发病25年跟踪调查分析

[目的]调查分析养路工人矽肺发病情况和特征,制定相应的防治措施。[方法]对养路工人进行25年的跟踪调查分析。[结果]共体检6 041人次,检出矽肺患者71人。男性患病率13.9%(70/504),女性0.6%(1/173);Ⅰ期56人,Ⅱ期15人,Ⅰ期转为Ⅱ期经9.1±4.1年;病死率16.9%(12/71)。矽肺肺结核合并率7.0%(5/71);养路工矽肺患病率高发与砂土路接尘有关(作业场所矽尘浓度为0.30~120 mg/m3)。[结论]根据当前路况,养路工作业场所需采取除尘、降尘、个人防护和健康教育等综合性防治措施,以降低矽肺患病率。     

尘肺合并肺结核的调查分析

目的 为了解诸暨市尘肺合并肺结核情况,掌握其发生发展规律,为今后防尘、防痨工作提供依据.方法 对1963年1月至2008年12月确诊的尘肺病人资料进行分析.结果 共累计尘肺296例,合并结核43例(14.5%),与同期我市肺结核患病率(85.79/10万)相比.高168.37倍;Ⅲ期矽肺合并肺结核率明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅰ期.结...     

矽肺结核病102例治疗与分析

我院治疗102例矽肺合并肺结核。其中男性90例,女性12例;Ⅰ期矽肺合并肺结核86例,Ⅱ期矽肺合并肺结核13例,Ⅲ期矽肺合并肺结核3例,低于50岁的3例,其余均在50～84岁之间。有岩工、搬运工、原料工等十几个工种,工龄最短3年,80%以上为10～     

438例矽肺患者通气功能测定分析

矽肺患者的肺功能测定报道较多 ,1998年底我们对本公司矽肺病人进行肺通气功能测定 ,现选取有效资料 438例统计分析如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象 ;本公司范围内矽肺现患病人肺通气功能测定有效资料 438例 ,其中Ⅰ期 2 5 3例 ,Ⅰ期合并结核 48例 ;Ⅱ期99例 ,Ⅱ期合并结核 2 1例 ;Ⅲ期 15例 ,Ⅲ期合并结核 2例。为便于统计和考虑结核对矽肺患者呼吸功能的加重影响 ,将矽肺患者分为三类 :Ａ类为单纯Ⅰ期矽肺病人共 2 5 3例 ,Ｂ类为Ⅰ期合并结核和单纯Ⅱ期矽肺病人共 147例 ,Ｃ类为Ⅱ期合并结核和单纯Ⅲ期矽肺及Ⅲ期合并结核病人共 38例。矽肺…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.