1623 K时SiO2饱和的MnO–SiO2渣和Al2O3饱和的MnO–SiO2–Al2O3渣中NiO的活度系数

MnO–SiO₂二元系作为废旧锂离子电池、海洋锰结核还原熔炼过程中的基础渣型,测定有价金属（如镍）在渣中的溶解度、活度及活度系数热力学数据十分必要。为此,本文测定了温度1623 K、氧分压10?7,10?6,和10?5 Pa时SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的溶解度和活度系数。结果表明:在试验条件下,镍在MnO–SiO₂渣和MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中主要以NiO形式存在,且渣中NiO的溶解度随着氧分压增加而增加;向MnO–SiO₂渣中加入Al₂O₃可以降低渣中镍的溶解度,增加NiO的活度系数。此外,SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的活度系数（γ_NiO,以纯固体NiO为参考态）可分别按如下公式计算:γ_NiO = 8.58w(NiO) + 3.18; γ_NiO=11.06w(NiO) + 4.07, 其中,w(NiO)为渣中NiO的质量分数。     

Activity coefficient of NiO in SiO2-saturated MnO–SiO2slag and Al2O3-saturated MnO–SiO2–Al2O3slag at 1623 K

As a part of the fundamental study related to the reduction smelting of spent lithium-ion batteries and ocean polymetallic nodules based on MnO–SiO₂slags,this work investigated the activity coefficient of NiO in SiO₂-saturated Mn O–Si O₂slag and Al₂O₃-saturated Mn O–SiO₂–Al₂O₃slag at 1623 K with controlled oxygen partial pressure levels of 10^-7,10^-6,and 10^-5Pa.Results showed that the solubility of nickel oxide in the slags increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure.The nickel in the Mn O–Si O₂slag and Mn O–Si O₂–Al₂O₃slag existed as Ni O under experimental conditions.The addition of Al₂O₃in the Mn O–Si O₂slag decreased the dissolution of nickel in the slag and increased the activity coefficient of Ni O.Furthermore,the activity coefficient of Ni O(γN_(i O)),which is solid Ni O,in the Si O₂saturated Mn O–Si O₂slag and Al₂O₃saturated Mn O–Si O₂–Al₂O₃slag at 1623 K can be respectively calculated asγN_(i O)=8.58w(Ni O)+3.18 andγN_(i O)=11.06w(Ni O)+4.07,respectively,where w(Ni O)is the Ni O mass fraction in the slag.     

Al2O3含量变化对CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3–Al2O3熔渣粘度及结构的影响

熔渣粘度对冶炼过程中渣金反应的传质有着至关重要的作用,适当的熔渣粘度能够有效促进渣金反应,提升传质效率。为了促进含铬熔渣中铬的回收利用,本文使用柱体旋转法研究了Al₂O₃含量变化对CaO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃-Al₂O₃渣粘度和结构的影响规律。熔渣在高温下表现出良好的牛顿流体行为。当Al₂O₃含量从0%增加到10wt%时,酸性渣的粘度首先从0.825增加到1.141 Pa·s,然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到15wt%时,粘度降低到1.071 Pa·s。当Al₂O₃含量从0增加到15wt%时,碱性炉渣的粘度首先从0.084增加到0.158Pa·s,然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到20wt%时,粘度降低到0.135 Pa·s。此外,含Cr₂O₃的炉渣比无Cr₂O₃的炉渣需要更少的Al₂O₃才能达到最大粘度;对于酸性和碱性炉渣,熔渣粘度达到最大值所需的Al₂O₃含量分别为10%和15%。熔渣的活化能变化规律与粘度结果一致。拉曼光谱表明,熔渣中仅有少量Al₂O₃时,Al以[AlO₄]四面体形式出现,随着Al₂O₃含量的逐渐增加,[AlO₄]四面体被[AlO₆]八面体所取代,对硅酸盐结构的分峰解谱结果也与粘度结果一致。     

CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–4.6wt%MgO–Fe2O3废汽车催化剂熔炼渣系的冶金特性研究

本文系统地研究了废汽车催化剂（SAC）与含铜电镀污泥（CBES）协同熔炼过程中形成的CaO?SiO₂?Al₂O₃?4.6wt%MgO?Fe₂O₃五元渣系的冶金特性。通过傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、FactSage热力学计算和粘度测试研究了该渣系的熔渣结构、熔化温度和粘度特性。实验结果表明,Fe₂O₃含量（3.8wt%?16.6wt%）、CaO/SiO₂质量比（0.5?1.3）和SiO₂/Al₂O₃质量比（1.0?5.0）的提高可以促进硅酸盐网络的解聚,同时以四面体和八面体单元形式存在的大量Fe₂O₃确保了Al3+离子的电荷补偿,使得Al₂O₃仅表现为酸性氧化物。热力学计算和粘度测试结果表明,随着Fe₂O₃含量、CaO/SiO₂比和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比的增加,熔渣中发生硅酸盐网络结构解聚和低熔点相变,促进了熔点和粘度的降低;而进一步增加会导致新的高熔点物相形成,反而导致粘度和熔点回升。根据实验分析,优选的低聚合度、粘度和熔点炉渣组成为:Fe₂O₃含量为10.2wt%?13.4wt%,CaO/SiO₂比为0.7?0.9和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比为3.0?4.0。本研究为SAC和CBES协同熔炼过程中的炉渣设计提供了理论支持。     

La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite for the dental restora tive application

The 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) powder had three particle size distributions, while the fine one was lower than 100 nm. The 3Y-TZP compact was prepared by dry-pressing under pressures ranged from 10 to 30 MPa and then presintered at 1250°C for 2 h. The matrix dry-pressed under the pressure of 20 MPa had a porosity of 16.7% and could be easily processed by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and which had been infiltrated by the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass at 1200°C for 4 h. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite were 710.7 MPa and 6.51 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The low shrinkage (0.3%) of the composite can satisfy the net-shape fabrication standard. XRD results illustrated that zirconia in the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite was mainly in the tetragonal phase. SEM and EDS results indicated that the pores of the matrix were almost filled by the La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

Al2O3含量对Ni-P-Al2O3化学镀层性能的影响

通过化学镀的方法在45钢表面制得了Ni-P-A12O3镀层,并用维氏硬度计测量样品镀层的硬度,比较了不同A12O3含量对镀层硬度的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对镀层的形貌进行观测,对其组织结构进行了分析.结果表明:在基体表面获得了A12O3颗粒均匀分布的Ni-P-A12O3镀层,镀层中主要元素为Ni、P以及Al;在一定含量范围内,镀层中的A12O3含量越高镀层的硬度就越高.     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

马克思的市民社会决定国家理论的形成,经历了一个思想交锋、自我批判、绵延提升直至最终导出唯物史观之创建的逻辑进程。马克思立足于《莱茵报》时期的感性经历,先后运用哲学、历史学和政治经济学的方法和知识对黑格尔理性国家观进行系统的理论清算,纠正了黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系的“历史错位”,首次确立了“社会本体论”原则。市民社会决定国家理论的形成是标志着唯物史观开始诞生的第一命题。分析马克思市民社会决定国家理论的发展脉络和演进逻辑,有利于澄清马克思市民社会理论与唯物史观的内在关联,科学评价市民社会理论在历史唯物主义中的历史地位。     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉为骨料,配以电熔白刚玉、α-Al2O3、MgO和Cr2O3细粉以及secar71水泥结合剂制得Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料,研究添加TiO2微粉对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,在Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料中加入TiO2微粉后,材料致密化程度增加、体积密度和冷态强度增大,且材料经高温烧成后由于生成钛酸铝而使材料抗热震性显著提高。但材料在高温下形成少量低熔相,且钛酸铝在750～1280℃下易分解为Al2O3和TiO2,使得材料的高温抗折强度降低。     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

表面活性剂对Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷性能的影响

采用三维网状的聚氨酯有机泡沫体作为载体制备Al₂O₃基泡沫陶瓷。选用了不同质量分数的木质素磺酸钙溶液作为表面活性剂对泡沫进行了表面活化,研究表面活性剂加入量对氧化铝基小孔泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能的影响。研究表明:随着活化剂质量分数的增大,试样的抗压强度和热震稳定性先升后降,当活化剂木质素质量分数为1.0%时,泡沫陶瓷性能最好,此时强度达到1.147 MPa,热震循环次数达到11次。     

Yb2O3、Al2O3、TiO2对Yb-TZP材料性能的影响

用超细ZrO     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3四元渣系Al2O3活度预测模型

高炉渣系各组元活度对高炉冶炼和产品质量具有重要的影响作用. 基于分子-离子共存理论,建立CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;结合试验测定值对其进行验证与修正,最终建立了修正的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;同时,依据模型计算结果探究R(w(CaO)/w(SiO₂)),w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)和w(Al₂O₃)对Al₂O₃活度的影响. 研究结果表明:修正后的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地预测熔渣Al₂O₃活度;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着R增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当R=1.25,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,R=1.25时,随着w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐增大.     

Phosphate enrichment mechanism in CaO–SiO2–FeO–Fe2O3–P2O5 steelmaking slags with lower binary basicity

The addition of silica to steelmaking slags to decrease the binary basicity can promote phosphate enrichment in quenched slag samples. In this study, we experimentally investigated phosphate enrichment behavior in CaO–SiO₂–FeO–Fe₂O₃–P₂O₅ slags with a P₂O₅ content of 5.00% and the binary basicity B ranging from 1.0 to 2.0, where the (%Fe_tO)/(%CaO) mass percentage ratio was maintained at 0.955. The experimental results are explained by the defined enrichment degree R_C2S-C3P of solid solution 2CaO·SiO₂–3CaO·P₂O₅ (C₂S–C₃P), where R_C2S-C3P is a component of the developed ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT)–N_i model for calculating the mass action concentrations N_i of structural units in the slags on the basis of the IMCT. The asymmetrically inverse V-shaped relation between phosphate enrichment and binary basicity B was observed to be correlated in the slags under applied two-stage cooling conditions. The maximum content of P₂O₅ in the C₂S–C₃P solid solution reached approximately 30.0% when the binary basicity B was controlled at 1.3.     

利用氧化基粉煤灰粉和医疗废弃物颗粒开发无电镀镍基复合涂层 (Ni–P/粉煤灰和Ni-P/Ni–P/SiO2–Al2O3)

Recycling and reusing materials from waste have become a nexus in the development of sustainable materials, leading to more balanced technologies. In this study, we developed a composite coating by co-depositing recycled ceramic particles, pulverised fly ash (PFA) and medical ceramics (MC), into a nickel–phosphorus matrix using a typical electroless plating process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated well-dispersed particles in the Ni–P matrix. However, compared with the MC particles, the PFA particles were distributed scantily with a lower content in the matrix, which could be due to the less impingement effect during the co-deposition. A modified microstructure with refined grains was obtained for the PFA-incorporated composite coating, as seen in the SEM micrograph. The X-ray diffraction result of the MC-incorporated composite coating showed the formation of Ni_xSi_y phases in addition to the typical Ni₃P phases for the heat-treated electroless Ni–P coatings. Upon heat treatment, the PFA-reinforced composite coating, due to a modified microstructure, exhibited a higher microhardness up to HK_0.05 818, which is comparable to that of the traditional SiC particle-embedded composite coating (HK_0.05 825). The findings can potentially open up a new strategy to further advance the green approach for industrial surface engineering.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的Al2O3包覆研究

文章采用高温固相法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4,并采用液相包覆的方法对其进行改性处理。采用XRD、SEM、XPS以及电池测试系统等,研究了所制备材料的结构、组成、性能和包覆机理。实验结果表明:表面处理后的LiMn2O4循环性能显著提高,以A12O3对尖晶石LiMn2O4进行表面包覆,使LiMn2O4颗粒不与电解液直接接触,可以防止锰离子溶解在电解液中,获得结构稳定、循环性能优异的锂离子电池正极材料;同时Al2O3会和电解液中微量的HF反应,减小了HF对锰离子溶解的加速作用。     

CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃/Al2O3系低温共烧陶瓷流延工艺优化及性能研究

为优化CaO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂(CABS)玻璃/Al₂O₃系低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)流延工艺,提高CABS玻璃/Al₂O₃系LTCC材料性能,采用偶联剂对CABS玻璃/Al₂O₃复合粉体进行表面改性并对黏结剂的种类和用量进行优化,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X线衍射仪(XRD)等分析流延工艺优化对LTCC材料性能的影响。结果表明：偶联剂能有效提高CABS玻璃/Al₂O₃复合粉体在有机溶剂中的润湿性,提升浆料固含量和生瓷带密度,当硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)质量分数为1.5%时,浆料固含量为66.58%,生瓷带的密度为1.90 g/cm³,均达到最大值;通过探究3种不同分子量的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)对生瓷带性能的...     

Al2O3-TiO2复合氧化物负载的钴基催化剂光热费托合成性能研究

选用Al₂O₃和TiO₂的复合物作为催化剂的载体,通过浸渍法合成了不同TiO₂含量(0%,5%,10%,15%)的负载型钴基催化剂,采用XRD、TEM、TPR、BET、UV-Vis、XPS、CO-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其光热催化费托合成性能。结果表明,含量较少的TiO₂是激发光催化反应的决定因素,引入紫外光照能够激发光生电子从TiO₂向金属钴转移,有利于反应物CO分子的解离活化,致使CO转化率大幅提升。产物分布方面,抑制产生CO₂,促进低碳数烷烃生成。当TiO₂含量为5%时,光照引起的CO转化率提升幅度最高,可达68.8%。此研究有助于理解光热催化费托反应体系中催化剂构效关系和反应过程。