电解锰渣煅烧脱硫并用作水泥混合材的研究

本文提出了电解锰渣煅烧脱硫并用作水泥混合材的资源化利用途径。采用半工业回转窑试验系统进行了纯干锰渣和96%干锰渣+4%焦炭两种方案的煅烧脱硫试验,对脱硫锰渣用作水泥混合材进行了一系列性能检测。结果表明：纯干锰渣方案的脱硫效果不理想,脱硫率仅83.2%,且煅烧成品没有活性,不能用作活性混合材。加入4%焦炭的方案可使脱硫率大幅提高至99.2%,且煅烧成品的活性可达73%,活性较好,将其按30%的比例加入水泥后,水泥的强度、安定性、凝结时间等技术指标均能符合GB175-2007中的规定。     

CFB脱硫灰渣用作水泥混合材的研究

CFB脱硫灰渣是循环流化床锅炉采用脱硫工艺后所得的副产物。针对CFB脱硫灰渣的资源化利用开展将其用作水泥混合材的试验研究,分析灰渣的适宜掺量和主要影响机理。研究表明:CFB脱硫灰、渣在化学组成和颗粒组成上都有较大差异。以脱硫灰为混合材,随其在水泥中的掺量增加,浆体凝结速度明显变缓;试样早强发挥较慢,但28 d强度都能赶上空白对照样的相应强度值,脱硫灰在水泥中最优掺入量为20%左右。将磨细脱硫渣作为水泥混合材,随其掺量增加,试样标准稠度需水量亦呈增大趋势,对水泥凝结时间的影响规律也与脱硫灰相似;水泥早期强度随脱硫渣增加而有所降低,但对28 d强度发展没有明显的不利影响。脱硫渣除可作为混合材外,还能替代部分缓凝石膏,其最大合理掺量为10%左右。     

混料含水率对电解锰渣免烧砖性能的影响

以电解锰渣、水泥、骨料和水为主要原料制备电解锰渣免烧砖,在成型压力为10 MPa,水泥、骨料添加量分别为23％和25％的条件下,研究混料含水率对电解锰渣免烧砖各项性能的影响.结果 表明:混料含水率从20％增加至40％时,电解锰渣免烧砖抗压、抗折强度均先增大后减小,体积密度基本保持不变,线收缩率先减小后增大最后趋于稳定,吸水率和饱和系数总体先减小后增大.最适宜混料含水率为30％,此时砖样抗压、抗折强度均满足国家免烧砖MU10标准规定,其他性能参数均符合国家免烧砖一等品要求.     

铬渣作混合材生产水泥的试验研究

对铬渣作为混合材生产水泥进行了试验研究，探讨了铬渣加入量对水泥性能的影响。结果表明，铬渣加入量≤２５％，达到了３２５号水泥标准，提高了水泥早期强度并具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性和抗冻性。     

高钛渣用于水泥混合材的性能研究

本文分析了高钛渣的矿物组成、活性系数,探讨了高钛渣的粉磨细度对水泥的凝结时间、标准稠度用水量、安定性等影响,而且分析了不同助磨剂的作用效果,以及高钛渣对水泥强度、水化产物的影响,得出高钛渣用于水泥混合材的实验基础.采用单掺与复掺的方式,比较得出可用于生产复合硅酸盐水泥和普通硅酸盐水泥的不同掺量和配比.结果表明:高钛渣不会对水泥的水化产物产生不利影响,粉磨较细的高钛渣更有利于水泥水化产物产生的包裹效应,使结构更加紧密,从而增加水泥强度;使用助磨剂的条件下,掺入30％的高钛渣,并与粉煤灰及高炉渣复掺,混合材总掺量达到40％,可满足P·C32.5R级水泥生产;使用助磨剂的条件下,掺入10％的高钛渣,并与粉煤灰及高炉渣复掺,混合材总掺量达到20％,可满足P·O42.5R级水泥生产.     

大掺量磷渣窑灰复掺水泥的研究

研究了磷渣、窑灰以及激发剂掺量对大掺量磷渣窑灰复掺水泥物理性能的影响.结果表明:15%的窑灰掺量对磷渣水泥后期强度有显著的提高,特别是在磷渣掺量较大的情况下,平均增长率可达到20%以上.在磷渣窑灰复掺水泥体系中掺入适量的硫酸钠,低混合材掺量时,体系的3d强度影响不大,28d强度有较大幅度的提高,而混合材掺量较大时,3d、28d强度均有显著提高.     

水泥添加量对电解锰渣免烧砖性能的影响

控制骨料掺入量为20％,成型压力为2 MPa,混料含水率为25％的条件下,系统研究了水泥添加量对电解锰渣免烧砖性能的影响.结果表明:当水泥添加量为20％时,电解锰渣免烧砖7 d抗压、抗折强度分别为10.21 MPa和2.35 MPa,28 d抗压、抗折强度分别为13.76 MPa和2.74 MPa,体积密度为1.36 g/cm3,线收缩率为1.13％,吸水率为33.32％,饱和系数为1.47,有轻微泛霜现象产生,强度达到国家烧结普通砖的标准要求,其他性能满足国标一级品的要求.     

电解锰压滤渣高温脱硫研究

采用直接煅烧法、还原法及添加脱硫剂煅烧法对电解锰压滤渣进行了高温脱硫,研究了不同方法得到的脱硫产物的物相、残硫量和活性,并比较了几种方法的工业适用性。结果表明:直接煅烧法的脱硫渣和坩埚粘连严重,实际操作困难;加入煤粉并没有改善脱硫渣和坩埚的粘连问题,且脱硫渣中残硫量高;石灰石虽能减弱脱硫渣和坩埚的粘连,但由于生成惰性物质石英,降低了脱硫渣的活性;采用铝矾土作为脱硫剂进行脱硫,脱硫渣的残硫量低,脱硫渣和坩埚不粘连,脱硫渣活性高。铝矾土添加量为42%(质量分数),脱硫温度为1 250 ℃,脱硫保温时间为5 min时,脱硫渣中硫含量为0.089 4%(质量分数),达到脱硫要求。     

利用企业炉底渣制备水泥混合材的技术探讨

采用峨胜水泥集团股份有限公司周边厂矿炉底渣作为制备水泥的混合材,研究了炉底渣的基本特性,炉底渣作为水泥混合材对水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、安定性、强度等水泥基本性能的影响,找出了最大化利用炉底渣的最佳配比（熟料60％、炉底渣36％、石膏4％）,其3d、28d抗压强度分别为27．2MPa、49．7MPa,并对最佳配比与聚羧酸减水剂的适应性进行试验,结果表明其适应性良好。     

用钡渣作水泥混合材

钡渣是用重晶石生产钡盐时排放的工业废渣,其中含有较多的可溶性钡盐,对环境的污染尤为严重.若用钡渣作为水泥混合材,可以增加水泥的抗辐射能力,而且因其价格低廉可大幅度降低水泥成本,并从根本上治理钡渣环境污染.但钡渣直接单独作为水泥混合材,尚不能完全满足水泥性能的要求,为此,我们对掺用钡渣作水泥混合材的工艺进行了初步研究,得到了较好的结果.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.