外掺粉煤灰天然轻骨料混凝土早期力学性能研究

以天然浮石作为粗骨料,通过外掺法分别掺加0％、20％、30％和40％体积的粉煤灰替代相同体积的砂,配置轻骨料混凝土.通过对混凝土在3d、14 d、28 d的抗压强度,以及28 d的弹性模量与轴心抗压强度的研究,得出天然浮石轻骨料混凝土外掺粉煤灰最优掺量为30％.浮石轻骨料混凝土在此掺量下,不仅改善了混凝土的和易性,而且提高了基本力学性能.     

橡胶混凝土的基本力学特性的试验研究

用3种粒径(16目、20目、40目),4种掺量(50 L/m3、75 L/m3、100 L/m3、125 L/m3)的橡胶粉设计了12种配合比的橡胶混凝土,开展了橡胶混凝土(rubber powder concrete,RPC)的准静态力学试验,描述橡胶混凝土的受力破坏形态,研究橡胶粉的粒径、掺量对橡胶混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度及折压比的影响情况,确定橡胶粉的最佳粒径及掺量范围.试验结果表明:与普通混凝土相比,橡胶混凝土的破坏表现为延性破坏;随着橡胶粉掺量的增加,橡胶混凝土的7d、28 d抗压强度和抗折强度逐渐降低;掺40目橡胶混凝土的7d、28 d折压比总体优于基准混凝土,掺16目橡胶混凝土的7d、28 d折压比先减小后增大,掺20目橡胶混凝土的7d、28 d折压比的变化趋势差别较大;掺20、40目橡胶混凝土的韧性要好于掺16目橡胶混凝土;从折压比和韧性的评价指标来看,制备橡胶混凝土时,最佳粒径为40目,掺量应大于100 L/m3.     

废旧轮胎橡胶粉对水泥胶砂力学性能的影响

本文研究了废旧橡胶粉的粒径(20目、80目、120目)、掺量(2％、4％、6％、8％、10％)对水泥砂浆抗压强度、抗折强度的影响,通过对3d、7d、14 d、21 d、28 d抗压强度、抗折强度的对比,结果显示:当橡胶粒径相同时,橡胶粉掺量与水泥砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度成反比;在橡胶粉掺量相同的条件下,橡胶粉粒径越小,则抗压强度及抗折强度下降越大.     

矿渣-胶粉轻骨料混凝土早期力学性能的试验研究

采用正交试验方法研究了橡胶粉粒径、橡胶粉掺量、粒化高炉矿渣粉取代率对混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度的影响,用RapidAir 457气孔结构分析仪分析混凝土硬化气泡结构并运用灰色理论分析气泡参数与混凝土28 d强度之间的内在规律.试验结果表明:矿渣粉取代率为10％,橡胶粒径为120目(掺量为2％)时,混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度最高.橡胶粉的掺入可以明显提高混凝土的塑性性能.气泡参数中,平均孔隙半径是影响矿渣-胶粉轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度的主要因素.孔径参数中,500～1000μm的孔径是影响矿渣-胶粉轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度的主要因素.     

废旧轮胎橡胶粉对再生混凝土力学特性的试验研究

再生混凝土被视为节约材料的一种重要举措,同时,废旧轮胎橡胶粉的适量掺入可以优化混凝土的性能.为使两种废弃材料合理利用,本文以废旧轮胎橡胶粉和废弃混凝土加工生成的再生骨料为研究对象,研究了外掺废旧轮胎橡胶粉对再生混凝土力学特性的影响.通过对再生混凝土基准组的试验研究,得到了再生混凝土前28 d的强度发育规律,结合此规律并在其他学者研究的基础上拟合出再生混凝土早期抗压强度数学模型;同时,对再生混凝土外掺不同粒径(20目、60目、80目、100目、120目)和不同掺量(3％、6％、9％)的橡胶粉,并研究此情况下橡胶粉对不同龄期再生混凝土的抗压强度的影响.试验结果表明:掺入橡胶粉会降低再生混凝土的抗压强度;当掺入粒径为20目,掺量为3％的橡胶粉时,再生混凝土抗压强度最好.     

橡胶集料等体积替换细骨料对混凝土抗压强度的影响

将废旧轮胎橡胶集料按照一定的比例替换天然骨料添加至混凝土中,形成橡胶集料混凝土,特别是替代细骨料,不仅有利于废旧轮胎橡胶的处理,而且节约河砂等自然资源,保护环境.对不同粒径橡胶集料等体积替换细骨料时橡胶集料混凝土抗压强度进行了试验研究,其中采用单一尺寸橡胶集料5组(60目、40目、20目、1～3 mm和3 ～6 mm),混合粒径橡胶集料1组(60目+20目+3 ～6 mm按体积1∶1∶1混合),体积替换率分别为0％、20％、40％、60％和80％.结果 表明,橡胶集料体积替换率和橡胶集料粒径对橡胶集料混凝土抗压强度有明显影响.橡胶集料粒径越大,橡胶集料替换细骨料时混凝土强度降低程度越小.基于此,考虑橡胶粒径参数和体积替换率对橡胶集料混凝土强度的影响,拟合得到橡胶集料混凝土抗压强度折减系数计算公式,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒对透水混凝土性能的影响

以聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒掺量为影响因素,通过测定透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度、抗折强度、孔隙率及透水系数等性能指标,获取聚丙烯纤维及橡胶颗粒掺量与透水混凝土力学性能及透水性能的关系.试验结果表明:粗骨料粒径为4.75~9.5 mm时,掺入橡胶颗粒和聚丙烯纤维皆会使透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度、抗折强度提高,但会使透水系数减小,透水性能下降;与掺加橡胶颗粒相比,掺加聚丙烯纤维可以更加明显地改善透水混凝土力学性能;随着掺入聚丙烯纤维以及橡胶颗粒比例的增加,透水混凝土28 d抗压强度、抗折强度性能指标上升的幅度逐渐减小,透水性能则逐渐下降.     

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土的力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用河砂替代石英砂并添加粗骨料的方式制备含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土(UHPC),研究不同粗骨料掺量和粒径对UHPC力学性能的影响。结果表明:粗骨料掺量的增加对UHPC基体新拌混合物的流动性具有降低作用,粗骨料粒径对新拌混凝土的流动性具有不规则增强效应;当粗骨料掺量不大于400kg/m3时,UHPC基体立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度呈现不同程度的增长,当粗骨料掺量继续增加,UHPC基体立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度出现下降;粗骨料粒径的增加对UHPC基体的立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度具有增强效应,而对UHPC抗折及劈裂抗拉强度影响不大。骨料掺量对UHPC基体的弹性模量具有增强效应,骨料粒径越小,弹性模量越大;UHPC初裂强度、峰值强度、初裂挠度、峰值挠度以及各阶段耗能均随粗骨料掺量的增加缓慢降低;初裂强度、峰值强度、各阶段耗能均随粗骨料粒径的增大而降低,初裂挠度与峰值挠度随粗骨料粒径的增加呈现缓慢上升的趋势;韧性指数I5、I10、I20均随骨料掺量和粒径的增加而逐渐减小。     

偏高岭土对天然轻骨料混凝土力学性能影响的研究

本文通过对轻骨料混凝土内掺0％、10％、15％、20％的偏高岭土来研究轻骨料混凝土的基本力学性能.经过实验组和基准组的对比,发现偏高岭土对轻骨料混凝土的3d,7d,14 d,28 d,60d,90d龄期的抗压强度和3d,7d,28 d,60d龄期的劈裂抗拉强度都有很大的提高,同时找出了偏高岭土的最优掺量为胶凝材料的15％.     

改性橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能及抗冻性试验研究

选用两种不同类型的改性剂司班40、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(表面活性剂)对废旧轮胎橡胶粉进行改性,外掺到再生粗骨料混凝土中,对混凝土力学性能以及抗冻性能测试,分析两种改性剂对橡胶粉颗粒的改性效果以及橡胶粉颗粒粒径、掺量对混凝土产生的影响效果.研究表明:改性剂对橡胶再生粗骨料混凝土的性能有着积极的影响效应,一定程度改善了橡胶混凝土抗压强度较低的缺点,并对抗冻融循环有有利效应,并确定选取司班40的胶粉颗粒,目数为80目,外掺量为6%综合效果最佳.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.