老年人代谢综合征与良性前列腺增生的关系

目的 回顾性分析老年代谢综合征(MS)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系.方法 老年男性859名,其中单纯MS患者8例,单纯BPH患者619例,两种疾病并存者192例,未患病者40例.检测空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),并计算体质指数(BMI)、前列腺体积及前列腺年增长率(PG),分析代谢性危险因素与BPH的相关性.结果 BPH患者MS组与非MS组相比收缩压、舒张压、体质量、BMI、TG及FBG偏高(t=6.15、5.99、13.12、15.56、10.63、9.94,均P＜0.01),HDL-C浓度偏低(t=-7.57,P＜0.01);随着MS组分个数的增加,前列腺体积增加(F=2.98,P=0.031);随着年龄、体质量、BMI、收缩压、PG的增加,前列腺体积增大(t值分别为-6.39、-2.39、-2.36、-2.13、-25.85,均P＜0.05);前列腺体积与年龄、收缩压、体质量、BMI、血压升高呈正相关(r值分别为0.229、0.079、0.090、0.089、0.088,均P＜0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析校正混杂因素后,年龄、体质量和收缩压＞130 mm Hg(1 m Hg=0.133 kPa)为前列腺增生的独立相关因素(OR值分别为1.07、1.03、1.34,均P＜0.05).结论 老年患者BPH与MS有关,MS可能参与老年人BPH的发生发展过程,但其机制尚有待进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in senior patients. Methods The 859 male senior patients including 619 cases with BPH and 8 cases with MS were enrolled in this study, and there were 192 cases with both diseases and 40 controls. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. The body mass index (BMI), prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate were determined or calculated. The correlations of BPH with other metabolic risk factors were analyzed. Results The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, BMI, TG and FPG were higher (t=6.15, 5.99, 13.12, 15.56, 10.63 and 9.94, all P＜0.01), while serum HDL-C level was lower (t=-7.57,P＜0.01) in BPH patients with MS than without MS. As the number of components of MS was increased, the prostate volume was increased (F=2.98, P=0.031). As the age, body weight, BMI, SBP and PG were increased, the prostate volume was increased (t=-6.39,-2.39,-2.36,-2.13,-25.85,all P＜0.05). Spearman analysis showed that prostate volume was positively correlated with age, SBP, body weight, BMI and hypertension (r=0.229, 0.079, 0.090, 0.089 and 0.088, all P＜0.05). And age, body weight and SBP were the independent risk factors for BPH (OR=1.07, 1.03 and 1.34, all P＜0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates a relationship between BPH and MS in senior patients. Future studies are needed to confirm our results and to explain underlying mechanisms.     

经尿道前列腺等离子电切治疗80岁及以上前列腺增生患者临床观察

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)治疗80岁及以上前列腺增生 (BPH)患者的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾分析PKRP治疗的180例80岁及以上高危BPH患者的临床资料.结果 180例手术顺利,手术操作时间平均(45.5±23.3)min.平均切除前列腺(60.3±23.3)g,无输血病例,术中无闭孔神经反射电切综合征出现.术后国际前列腺症状评分由(29.5±5.3)分降至(10.2±2.8)分;最大尿流率由(6.2±1.8)ml/s上升至(24.5±3.1)ml/s;生活质量评分由术前的(7.2±1.1)分下降至(1.0±0.5)分;残余尿由(130.5±45.5)ml降至(13.5±7.1)ml(均P＜0.05).结论 PKRP具有安全性高、并发症少、前列腺切尽率高、疗效确切等优点,适宜高龄BPH患者的手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (PKRP) in treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia in elderly patients aged 80 years and over. Methods Retrospective clinical analysis of 180 case of high risk of benign prostate hyperplasia treated by PKRP in patients aged 80 years and over. Results All the 180 patients underwent the operation successfully. The average time for operation was (45.5±23.3) min and the resected prostate was in an average of (60.3±23.3) g. Neither of blood transfusion during the operation nor aductor reflex and transurethral resection syndrome occurred. International prostate symptom score,residual urine and quality of life decreased from (29.5±5.3) to (10.2±2.8),from (130.5±45.5) ml to (13.5±7.1)ml and from (7.2±1.1) to (1.0±0.5) respectively. The maximum flow rate elevated from (6.2±1.8) ml/s to (24.5±3.1) ml/s. The differences in the above indicators were statistically significant between pre- and post- operation (P＜0.05). Conclusions Transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy is a reliable and effective surgical method, especially for the aged patients with benign prostate hyperplasia.     

广州地区老年科良性前列腺增生的诊断治疗现状

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the elderly outpatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Guangzhou.Methods The investigation was conducted in outpatient departments for elderly patients in 3 hospitals of Guangzhou. The eligible male patients with LUTS/BPH were chosen from patients who came to the clinic in the process of investigation. Results The 29.7% (1824/6140) of them had history of LUTS/BPH previously or presently. In 134 patients received medical questionnaire, the proportion of LUTS/BPH patients with mild, middle and severe degree based on international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 24.5%, 72.5% and 3.0% respectively. The abnormal percentage of PSA was 37. 3 %. The most common examinations that patients received were directeral rectun examination (96.8%), PSA (88. 7%) and transabdominal ultrasonography (84.8%). The 44.7% of cases were given the treatment of 5α-reductase inhibitor, and 24.7% of cases received a combination therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitor plus α receptor blocker. The 16.7% of cases were given a combination treatment of 5α-reductase inhibitor plus herbs. The proportion of therapy with α receptor blocker and herbs was similar (6.8% and 7.1% respectively). Conclusions LUTS/BPH is one of the most common diseases in elderly male patients. The examinations conducted by doctors are unreasonable.The doctors are easy to ignore inquirement of patient's history and IPSS. The drugs conducted by doctors are reasonable basically.     

老年人良性前列腺增生与心血管疾病的关系

Objective To realize the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies in elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and investigate the correlation between severity of BPH and cardiovascular diseases. Methods One hundred consecutively referred patients with BPH were enrolled in this study, and the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) scores were recorded. All patients were queried in detail about history of cardiovascular disease, and underwent detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate volume (PV)measurement by abdominal ultrasound. Results PV and serum PSA level increased with age.Forty-eight percent of patients had a moderately enlarged prostate (IPSS 8-19). Patients with BPH had higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease (P＜0.05). The most common medical treatments were 5α-reductase inhibitors and a-receptor blockers in our hospital and most patients had good compliance. Conclusions The severity of BPH is correlated with age and morbidity of coronary artery disease. For the drug intervention therapy, 5a-reductase inhibitors have the highest utilization rate.     

老年良性前列腺增生夜尿病因分类和相关因素分析

Objective To explore the classification and risk factors of nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The 120 males aged 60 years old and over were enrolled who were first diagnosed as BPH or had ceased the BPH medication for at least 3 months.The patients were divided into six groups according to the nocturnal voiding episodes estimated according to the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). All 120 males were inquired about general information and medical histories. The time and volume of intake and voided urine were recorded for 72 hours. The indexes of prostate and bladder function in all cases were also examined and recorded. Results The incidence of nocturia in our study was 79.2%, the incidence of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder were 3.3% and 10.8%, respectively. The quality of life was affected by the duration between the time of patients' going to bed and the first time getting up at night. After excluding the cases of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder, statistical analysis indicated that the age, and residual urine volume of the bladder were positively associated with nocturia frequencies (NF), the nocturnal voiding volume negatively with NF, while the prostate volume and peak flow rate were not associated with NF. Drinking volume in 24-hours affected the nocturia (P＜0. 01). Conclusions Nocturia is a common complaint in elderly males with BPH and significantly affects the quality of life. The age and the storing function of bladder are more important factors as compared with prostate hyperplasia itself.     

老年人良性前列腺增生症与胰岛素抵抗

Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly men. Methods All BPH outpatients in Geriatric department of the second Xiang Ya Hospital in Feb 2008 were recruited in this study. Bioche assays including insulin (FINS), prostate specific antigen (PSA), HbAlc, fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose were performed and HOMA-IR were calculated. The blood pressure, body weight, height and waist circumference were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Prostate volume (PV) was measured by abdominal ultrasound, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and inquired about the history of LUTS in detail. Results (1) HOMA-IR＞ 2.8 was diagnosed as insulin resistance (IR). The patients were divided into two groups: insulin sensitivity (IS) group (n=48) and IR group (n=20). The PV level was higher in IR group than in IS group [(61.1-32. 9) ml vs. (40.4±16.5)ml, P＜0. 05], there were no statistical differences in PSA [(3.3±2.3) μg/L vs. (2.91±1.3) μg/L, P＞0.05], the history of LUTS [(13.4±6.6)years vs. (8.7±6.0)years, P＞0.05], IPSS [(16.42±6.67)scores vs. (13. 29±7.09)scores, P＞0. 05] between the two groups. (2)According to BPH progressivity evaluation provided by MTOPS study (age≥62 years, PSA≥1. 6 μg/L, PV≥31 ml), the patients were divided into two groups: low progressive risk group (n= 30) and high progressive risk group (n= 38). The FINS and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in highprogressive risk group than in low progressive risk group (all P＜0. 01). (3)The PV was positively correlated with HOMA-IR level and FINS level (r= 0. 431, 0. 492, P＜0. 01). Conclusions IR exists in majority of elderly BPH patients, the degree of IR and relative high level of FINS are related to the enlargement of PV and the development of BPH.     

胰岛素抵抗与良性前列腺增生的相关性研究

Objective To investigate the correlation of insulin resistance (IR) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The 200 health examination men were divided into three groups according to the prostate volume (PV). There were 100 healthy subjects as control group (PV≤20 ml), 50 cases in BPH1 group (20 ml＜PV＜50 ml) and 50 cases in BPH2 group (PV≥50 ml).The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were determined using hexokinase method and radioimmunoassy, respectively. The IR index (IRI) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated according to the formula in HOMA model. Results There were no statistical differences between BPHl group and healthy control group in IRI (1.10±0. 18 vs. 1.18±0.21) and BMI (22. 0±3.0vs. 21.8±2.7) (t=0.74, 0.18, both P＞0. 05), but the IRI (1.31±0.19) and BMI (24. 8±3.29) increased in BPH2 group (P=0. 01, 0.03). The percentage of hyperglycosemia was higher in BPH patients than in normal controls (25% vs. 5%, P = 0. 00). Of them, the percentage of hyperglycosemia was the highest in BPH2 group (36%, P = 0. 01 ), their IRI ( 1.47 ± 0.21 ) was higher than in euglycemia patients (t=3.92, P=0.00), but the BM1 was unchanged compared with the control group ( 25.8 ± 4.3 vs. 24.3 ± 2.71, P = 0. 95 ). Conclusions There is a positive correlation of IR and hyperglycosemia with severe BPH, and the IR in severe BPH is independent of BMI.     

Impact of body mass index on complications following pancreatectomy: Ten-year experience at National Cancer Center in China

AIM: To examine the impact of body mass index(BMI)on outcomes following pancreatic resection in the Chinese population.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data was conducted at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China National Cancer Center. Individuals who underwent pancreatic resection between January2004 and December 2013 were identified and included in the study. Persons were classified as having a normal weight if their BMI was 24 kg/m2 and overweight/obese if their BMI was ≥ 24 kg/m2 as defined by the International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China. A χ 2 test(for categorical variables) or a t test(for continuous variables) was used to examine the differences in patients' characteristics between normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associationsof postoperative complications, operative difficulty,length of hospital stay, and cost with BMI, adjusting for age, sex, and type of surgery procedures.RESULTS: A total of 362 consecutive patients with data available for BMI calculation underwent pancreatic resection for benign or malignant disease from January1, 2004 to December 31, 2013. Of the 362 patients,156 were overweight or obese and 206 were of normal weight. One or more postoperative complications occurred in 35.4% of the patients following pancreatic resection. Among patients who were overweight or obese, 42.9% experienced one or more complications,significantly higher than normal weight(29.6%)individuals(P = 0.0086). Compared with individuals who had normal weight, those with a BMI ≥ 24.0kg/m2 had higher delayed gastric emptying(19.9% vs5.8%, P 0.0001) and bile leak(7.7% vs 1.9%, P =0.0068). There were no significant differences seen in pancreatic fistula, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, reoperation,readmission, or other complications. BMI did not show a significant association with intraoperative blood loss, operative time, length of hospital stay, or cost.CONCLUSION: Higher BMI increases the risk for postoperative complications after pancreatectomy in the Chinese population. The findings require replication in future studies with larger sample sizes.     

Correlation study between the polymorphism of repetitive sequence in gene CAG of androgen receptor and the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer

Objective:To explore the relation between the polymorphism of repetitive sequence in gene CAG of androgen receptor(AR)and the susceptibility and clinical stages as well as pathological grading of prostate cancer among Han population.Method:Sixty-eight cases with prostate cancer hospitalized in Urinary Surgery Department from Feb.2010 to Feb.2012 and 60 healthy cases were chosen as research subjects.Methods of PCR and direct sequencing were adopted to detect DNA sequence of AR gene and the length of repetitive sequence in CAG.Results:The lengths of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients with prostate cancer and healthy people were(22.3±4.6)and(23.0±4.9),respectively showing no statistical significance.Comparing length(repetitive sequence of CAG)22,those with that22 suffer a remarkably higher risk of prostate cancer(P0.05).The number of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients at clinical stage C-D was less than that of patients at stage B,and the number of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer was also less than that of patients with moderately and highly differentiated prostate cancer.But there was no statistical significance int the difference(P0.05);the proportion of patients with length22 at clinical stage C-D was much larger than that of patients at clinical stage B(P0.05),and as the aggravation of pathological grading,the proportion of patients with the length22 was also remarkably increased and there was significant difference between patients with highly differentiated prostate cancer and those with poorly differentiated prostate cancer(P0.05).Conclusions:There is correlation between the occurrence and development of prostate cancer in Han population and the polymorphism of repetitive sequence in gene CAG of androgen receptor.The less the number of repetitive sequence in CAG is,the higher the risk of prostate cancer will be and the more severe the clinical stage and pathological grading will be.     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术术中静脉滴注3%氯化钠溶液预防稀释性低钠血症

Objective To analyze the effect of intravenous dripping of 3% sodium chloride solution on prevention of diluted hyponatremia during transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods Eighty-five cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied with typical lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were divided into two groups during undergoing TUVP operation: the control group(n=38) given Ringer's solution dripping (3ml/min) and the concentrated sodium chloride injection group(n= 47) given 3% sodium chloride solution dripping (2～4ml/min). All of the operations were taken via Wolf electric resection system, and the operation time was≥60 min. The complete blood count and serum electrolyte were determined before operation and 60 minutes after operation beginning, and the data were compared between the two groups. Results The decrease amplitude of serum sodium was obviously smaller in concentrated sodium chloride injection group[(1.45±5.14)mmol/L] than that in the control group[(7.79±6.64) mmol/L] 60 minutes after operation beginning (P<0.05). Conclusions Giving 3% sodium chloride solution by intravenous drip during TUVP may reduce the severity of diluted hyponatremia and postpone the occurrence of hyponatremia, and thereby decrease the risk of transurethral resection syndrome.     

经尿道等离子电切和经典电切治疗老年人高危大体积前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 比较经尿道等离子双极电切术(PKRP)与经尿道单极电切术(TURP)治疗老年、高危、大体积前列腺增生患者的疗效.方法 对36例老年、高危、大体积前列腺增生患者,分别采取PKRP16例,TURP20例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、切除的前列腺标本重量、术后冲洗时间、拔尿管时间、术后6个月国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分和最大尿流率.结果 PKRP组和TURP组比较,手术时间分别为(62±23)min和(68±35)min,切除的前列腺标本重量分别为(52±15)g和(56±18)g,术后冲洗时间分别为(16±12)h和(18±10)h,拔管时间分别为(5±2)d和(6±1)d,术后IPSS评分分别为(6.8±3.4)和(7.4±4.2)分,最大尿流率分别为(15.8±6.2)ml/s和(15.2±5.3)ml/s,组间比较,差异无统计学意义;术中出血量,PKRP组为(283±155)ml,少于TURP组的(465±264)ml(P<0.05);且PKRP组无术中输血,TURP组有1例(P<0.01);两组术后6个月IPSS评分、最大尿流率均较术前显著改善,PKRP组IPSS分别为(27.8±3.5)和(6.8±3.4)分,最大尿流率分别为(4.5±2.7)ml/s和(15.8±6.2)ml/s;TURP组IPSS分别为(29.2±6.1)和(7.4±4.2)分,最大尿流率分别为(5.2±3.6)ml/s和(15.2±5.3)ml/s,组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 PKRP与TURP有相似的电切效率和手术效果,但PKRP出血较少,对高危、大体积前列腺患者更安全.     

经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术与电切术治疗前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切剜除术(TUPKEP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将142例BPH患者分为两组,TUPKEP组72例,年龄52～90岁,平均(70.5±7.6)岁,前列腺质量27～126 g,平均(75.6±10.3)g;TURP组70例,年龄51～87岁,平均(70.2±6.8)岁,前列腺质量25～118 g,平均(73.8±9.9)g.两组患者术前年龄、前列腺质量、前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、剩余尿量、最大尿流率、生活质量评分(QOL)比较,差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.2873、1.0612、1.0832、0.9522、0.0000、1.0774;P值分别为0.7743、0.2904、0.2806、0.3426、1.0000、0.2832).比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后尿管留置时间、住院天数、术后并发症发生率及疗效.结果 TUPKEP组72例均获成功(100.0%),TURP组成功69例(98.6%).TUPKEP、TURP组平均手术时间分别为(46.2±6.4)min、(58.4±9.6)min,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.9404,P-0.0000);两组术中出血量分别为(105.9±12.2)ml、(148.6±14.3)ml,组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=19.1608,P=0.0000);两组术后平均留置尿管时间分别为(3.5±1.0)d、(5.0±1.0)d(t=8.9364,P=0.0000);两组术后平均住院时间分别为(5.1±1.9)d、(7.0±0.6)d(t=4.9819,P=0.0000).TUPKEP组术后发生暂时性尿失禁1例,继发前列腺出血2例,尿道外口狭窄1例,并发症发生率5.56%,TURP组发生经尿道前列腺电切综合征2例,尿外渗1例,术后暂时性尿失禁2例,继发前列腺出血3例,尿道外口狭窄2例,并发症发生率14.29%.术后随访3个月,两组最大尿流率较术前明显增加,IPSS、剩余尿量、QOL均较术前明显下降,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.1131、0.2543、1.2959、0.7252;P值分别为0.2676,0.7996、0.1971、0.4696).结论 TUPKEP与TURP治疗BPH的疗效相近,但TUPKEP平均手术时间短、术中出血量少、围手术期及术后并发症发生率低,手术安全性更高.     

代谢综合征对老年人良性前列腺增生病程的影响

目的 探讨代谢综合征(MS)在老年人良性前列腺增生(BPH)病程中的作用.方法 101例BPH患者分为单纯BPH组45例与合并MS的BPH组56例,分析体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等代谢性因素对BPH患者前列腺体积(PV)、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、下尿路症状(LUTS)出现时间的影响.结果 合并MS的BPH患者PV明显大于单纯BPH患者(t=3.22,P=0.003),LUTS出现时间长于后者(t=2.02,P=0.046).超重和肥胖的BPH患者PV明显大于正常体质量组[分别为(49.44±26.83)ml与(38.10±10.64)ml,P=0.021;(51.7±22.2)ml与(38.10±10.64)ml,P=0.043];腹型肥胖的BPH组患者PV明显大于非腹型肥胖的BPH患者组[(50.26±26.51)ml与(38.99±11.25)ml,P=0.005].低HDL-C水平组PV明显大于正常HDL-C水平组[(54.23±28.92)ml与(40.40±14.87) ml,P=0.009].FBS水平异常的BPH患者PV、PSA水平超过正常FBS水平者(t=3.17,2.41; P=0.035,0.013).合并胰岛素抵抗的BPH患者的PV明显大于胰岛素敏感者(t=3.43,P=0.001),LUTS出现时间在胰岛素抵抗组明显延长(t=3.58,P=0.001).PV与BMI (r=0.46,P=0.000)、FINS (r=0.42,P=0.001)、HOMA-IR (r=0.49,P=0.003)呈正相关;而与HDL-C(r=-0.38,P=0.000)呈负相关.多元逐步回归分析显示PV与HOMA-IR关系最密切.结论 MS对BPH的病程和发展具有明显的影响.     

经尿道前列腺电切术与2μm（铥）激光前列腺汽化切除术并发症的比较

目的比较分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与2μm（铥）激光前列腺汽化切除术（TmLRP）的并发症。方法分别用TURP及TmLRP治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）患者114例（TURP组）和82例（TmLRP组）。两组患者年龄、前列腺体积差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。比较分析采用两种术式发生术中电切综合征、包膜破裂及术后严重膀胱痉挛、急性附睾炎、尿失禁、勃起功能障碍等并发症情况。结果 TmLRP组术中发生电切综合征、包膜破裂等并发症明显少于TURP组（P＜0.05）。术后1周内,TmLRP组发生严重膀胱痉挛、急性附睾炎并发症明显少于TURP组（P＜0.05）;术后1周～1个月内,TmLRP组发生术后继发性出血、严重膀胱刺激征、腺体残留导致排尿困难并发症明显少于TURP组（P＜0.05）;术后1～3个月内,TmLRP组发生尿失禁明显少于TURP组（P＜0.05）;术后3～6个月内,TmLRP组发生勃起功能障碍明显少于TURP组（P＜0.05）。结论 TmLRP组术中及术后并发症明显少于TURP组,是一种安全有效的手术方式。     

Clinical, haemodynamic, anthropometric, metabolic and insulin profile of men with high-stage and high-grade clinical prostate cancer

AIMS: Previous studies have shown that non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertension, atherosclerotic disease manifestations, tallness, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and high alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels are risk factors for development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This indicates that BPH is a component of the metabolic syndrome. In a subsequent study, we found that there was an association between the BPH growth rate and the development of clinical prostate cancer. These findings generated a hypothesis that clinical prostate cancer also was a component of the metabolic syndrome. In the present study, this hypothesis was tested on 299 patients with recently diagnosed clinical prostate cancer. If this hypothesis is true, patients with clinical prostate cancer of high stage and grade would have a larger prostate gland volume, a faster BPH growth rate and a more pronounced clinical, haemodynamic, anthropometric, metabolic and insulin profile than patients with clinical prostate cancer of low stage and grade have. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-nine patients in whom clinical prostate cancer was diagnosed were consecutively included. The prevalence of NIDDM, treated hypertension and atherosclerotic manifestations was provided by the respective patient's medical history. Body length, body weight, waist measurement, hip measurement and blood pressure were determined. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Blood samples were drawn to determine triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, uric acid, ALAT and the fasting plasma insulin level. The prostate gland volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. The annual BPH growth rate was calculated. The prostate cancer diagnosis was established. RESULTS: Patients with clinical prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 50 ng/ml, stage T3, had a bigger prostate gland volume (p < 0.001), a faster BPH growth rate (p < 0.001), were more obese, as measured by body weight (p = 0.062), BMI (p = 0.003), waist measurement (p = 0.011) and hip measurement (p = 0.051) and showed a higher systolic blood pressure (p < 0.070) than patients with T2 clinical prostate cancer. When patients with clinical prostate cancer, PSA > 50 ng/ml, were included at the comparison, T3 tumour patients showed a higher prevalence of treated hypertension (p = 0.026) than patients with T2 tumours. Patients with clinical prostate cancer, PSA < 50 ng/ml, G3, had a greater prostate gland volume (p = 0.004), a faster BPH growth rate (p = 0.005) and were more obese as determined by waist measurement (p = 0.044) and WHR (p = 0.073). Moreover, subjects with a G3 tumour were more dyslipidaemic, as shown by a higher triglyceride level (p = 0.019) and a lower HDL-cholesterol level (p = 0.005), and were more hyperuricaemic (p = 0.023), showed a higher plasma insulin level (p = 0.019) and a higher ALAT level (p = 0.061) than those with a G1 tumour. When patients with clinical prostate cancer, PSA > 50 ng/ml, were included at the comparison, G3 patients had a greater prostate gland volume (p = 0.002) and a faster BPH growth rate (p = 0.003) than patients with G1 tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the prostate gland volume, the BPH growth rate, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and high ALAT levels are risk factors for the development of clinical prostate cancer. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that clinical prostate cancer is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Patients with clinical prostate cancer may have the same metabolic abnormality of a defective insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and secondary hyperinsulinaemia as patients with the metabolic syndrome. Our data also support the hypothesis that hyperinsulinaemia is a promoter of clinical prostate cancer.     

年龄对良性前列腺增生患者膀胱尿道功能及手术疗效影响

目的 初步探讨年龄对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者膀胱尿道功能及手术疗效的影响.方法 依据年龄将经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的BPH老年患者分为60～74岁组158例,平均(68±4)岁,75～89岁组47例,平均(80±3)岁.术前1周进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、经直肠超声和尿动力检查,并在术后3个月随访IPSS、QOL、自由尿流率和残余尿量(PVR).结果 术前75～89岁组逼尿肌过度活跃、低顺应性膀胱、逼尿肌活动低下和良性前列腺梗阻发生率分别为70%、34%、19%和77%.均高于60～74岁组的42%、18%、6%和58%,(χ2值分别为10.623、4.328、5.637、4.771,均P<0.05),而平均最大逼尿肌排尿压为(62±29)cm H2O(1 cm HzO=0.098 kPa),低于60～74岁组的(76±22)cm H2O(t=3.265,P<0.05);79～89岁组前列腺长度、功能性尿道长度和膀胱颈口压分别为(52±8)mm、(63±11)mm和(36±15)cm H2O,均高于60～74岁组的(47±7)mm、(59±6)mm和(25±13)cm H2O(t值分别为4.157、3.388、4.912,均P<0.05).术后两组IPSS、QOL和PVR均低于术前,最大尿流率(MFR)高于术前(60～74岁组t值分别为19.744、64.671、23.342、27.504;79～89岁组t值分别为27.308、19.311、9.694、11.671,均P<0.05).但术后79～89岁组MFR低于60～74岁组,QOL和PVR高于60～74岁组(t值分别为3.493、15.245、10.750,均P<0.05).结论 随着年龄增加,BPH老年患者发生膀胱尿道功能障碍风险增加,手术疗效有所下降,尿动力学检查可为其治疗提供客观依据.     

老年良性前列腺增生症单药治疗无效的危险因素

目的通过分析α-受体阻滞剂治疗老年良性前列腺增生症(BPH)无效的危险因素,明确初诊老年BPH的药物选择。方法回顾研究96例老年BPH患者,其中单用α-受体阻滞剂坦索罗新治疗组42例,与5α-还原酶抑制剂非那雄胺联合治疗组54例,比较两组国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数(QOL)、最大尿流速(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)。结果联合用药与单药治疗组比较,前列腺体积、Qmax和IPSS具有统计学差异;多元回归分析显示IPSS(P<0.001)及前列腺体积(P<0.05)与老年BPH单药治疗无效密切相关。结论老年BPH患者单药及联合治疗均能改善病情,对于初诊时具有较高的IPSS评分及严重的前列腺体积增大者应给予药物联合治疗。     

血PSA与前列腺增生症患者年龄及前列腺体积的关系

目的探讨血前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）与前列腺增生症患者年龄、前列腺体积之间的关系。方法选取前列腺增生症患者120例,采用放射免疫法测定其血PSA,采用B超检查及直肠指诊估算前列腺体积。结果血PSA与前列腺增生患者年龄关系不大,而与前列腺体积明显相关。结论测定前列腺增生症患者血PSA时,将其前列腺体积作为血PSA的影响因素考虑进去,有助于前列腺增生症与前列腺癌的鉴别。     

经尿道等离子双极电切术在高龄高危前列腺增生患者中的应用

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（PKRP）治疗高危前列腺增生症（BPH）的安全性及疗效。方法 回顾分析我院2009年3月至2013年2月接受PKRP治疗的165例高危BPH患者的临床资料，年龄70～84（73.3±5.6）岁。评估手术安全性，术后3个月时随访，对比手术前后排尿症状主客观指标变化。结果 本组手术时间32～125（67±23）min，切除前列腺质量16～86（46.3±24.2）g，出血50～154（85.0±23.1）ml，术中无输血病例，无经尿道电切综合征，无真性尿失禁，围术期安全，无1例发生原有合并症加重。165例患者规律随访，与术前比较，术后3个月最大尿流率（Qmax）由（6.9±3.8）ml/s升至（16.5±3.5）ml/s，国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由（21.6±5.8）分降至（7.3±4.2）分，生活质量评分（QOL）由（4.6±0.8）分降至（1.2±0.9）分，残余尿量（RUV） 由（65.2±31.6）ml降至（7.5±4.5）ml，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PKRP是治疗高龄高危BPH患者的安全、有效方法。