以水玻璃为硅源喷雾干燥制备SiC前驱体

以廉价的水玻璃和炭黑为原料,通过制备均匀混合的前驱体,利用碳热还原反应合成出超细SiC粉体。比较研究了前驱体喷雾干燥与搅拌干燥两种制备方法对体系碳热还原反应的影响,重点考察了喷雾干燥制备过程中主要工艺参数对前驱粉体密度及收率的影响。结果表明:喷雾制备的前驱体具有更高的反应活性,在1550℃下反应2h就可使SiO2转化率达到89.4%,搅拌干燥制备的前驱体转化率只有65.2%。喷雾干燥过程中,适当提高进口温度、喷雾头转速并降低料液的固体含量,可获得高收率、高产率的前驱粉体,利于整个制备工艺生产效率及产率的提高。     

木质素-SiO2凝胶前驱体合成纳米SiC的研究

以造纸黑液和硅酸钠为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制成木质素-SiO2凝胶,以此作为SiC的前驱体,再经炭化处理和高温碳热还原反应而制备出SiC纳米粉体.该粉体呈球形,粒径70～200nm,且大小均匀.红外光谱分析表明,1100℃时就有SiC生成,1300℃时反应速度快且比较完全.提高碳热还原反应温度有利于前驱体向SiC的转变.     

碳热还原法制备球形SiC微粉

以硅溶胶为硅源,蔗糖为碳源,采用低温碳热还原法合成了SiC微粉.低温处理过程为室温到800℃,升温速率为6℃/min.在低温处理过程中蔗糖-硅溶胶混合前驱体转化为球形碳颗粒和SiO2的混合物.800℃以上的升温速率为15℃/min.低温处理后的反应前驱体在1700℃下反应1h全部转化为β-SiC,产物的颗粒尺寸在1μm左右,为近似球形的颗粒.升高反应温度有利于提高反应速率,缩短反应时间.延长反应时间能增加转化率.     

SiC-ZrC复合超细粉末的合成及抗氧化性能研究

以二氧化锆、硅溶胶、炭黑作为前驱体原料,采用碳热还原法来制备SiC-ZrC复合粉末。研究了反应温度对SiC-ZrC复合粉末的烧失率、物相组成与显微结构的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、综合热分析仪（TG-DTA）等手段对粉末样品进行测试分析。结果表明：在合成温度达到1500℃以上时,采用碳热还原法可成功合成SiC-ZrC复合粉末。在1550℃～1600℃下合成的产物中主要存在SiC和ZrC的特征衍射峰,合成产物结晶度好,这表明该条件下的合成反应进行比较完全。与1550℃相比,在1600℃温度下的合成产物中存在一定量的晶须,且存在有近似球状和短棒状及絮状颗粒,形成多样化显微结构。     

用煤矸石制备Al2O3-SiC复相粉体的研究

以煤矸石和碳质材料(工业炭黑、活性炭、无烟煤)为主要原料,在流动氩气中碳热还原制备了A l2O3-SiC复相粉体,研究了碳过量数、碳源、反应温度、保温时间、成型压力、添加剂种类及数量等工艺参数对制备的A l2O3-SiC复相粉体的相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明,反应温度、保温时间及氯化物添加剂对煤矸石碳热还原反应有显著影响。通过优化工艺,以煤矸石为基料,加入适量炭黑,在1 550℃3 h下制备出了w(A l2O3)=58%、w(SiC)=42%的复相粉体,其粒度d50≤5μm;加入适量添加剂,可降低合成温度50℃。     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法结合碳热还原法制备β-SiC粉体

为了用较为简便的方法以及廉价原料制备出β-SiC粉体,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法,以分析纯的四氯化硅(SiCl4)、正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料,加入催化剂无水氯化铁(FeCl_3)制备出溶胶,然后转移至反应釜中能制备出SiO_2干凝胶。分别以SiO_2干凝胶或石英砂为硅源,与炭黑混合,SiO_2干凝胶或石英砂与炭黑的质量比为3 2,采用碳热还原技术,在氩气气氛中于1 500℃保温2.5 h制备出SiC粉体。采用FTIR、XRD和SEM测试方法研究凝胶过程以及碳热还原产物。结果表明:原料TEOS经过非水解缩合反应制备出的SiO_2干凝胶活性较高,而后用其制备出物相较为纯净的SiC粉体,其晶粒尺寸细小,粒径均匀,粉体表面存在少量的短晶须。     

原位化学沉积法制备镍包覆碳化硅颗粒复合粉体

以六水合氯化镍为镍源,水合肼为还原剂,在SiC的表面,采用原位化学沉淀法制得包裹均匀的Ni/SiC复合粉体.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等测试表征手段研究了工艺条件对原位沉积反应的影响.研究发现不同络合反应时间形成的镍肼络合物前驱体和镀镍反应温度可以影响反应速率,从而控制Ni颗粒的沉积速率和包裹效果.对比结果表明:络合反应时间为5 min形成的镍肼络合物前驱体在50℃水浴温度下和络合反应时间为2h得到的镍肼络合物前驱体在60℃水浴温度下得到的复合粉体包裹效果最佳.     

碳热还原法合成硼化锆粉体影响因素探究

以氧化锆(ZrO2)、硼酸(H3 BO3)和碳(C)粉为原料,研究了不同碳粉(活性炭、石墨)与前驱体粒度、温度及保温时间对碳热还原法制备硼化锆(ZrB2)粉体的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析合成粉体物相,扫描电镜(SEM)观察合成粉体形貌,并通过化学方法分析了合成粉体中的C、O含量.结果表明:以活性炭为碳源合成的粉体形貌呈条棒状,以石墨为碳源合成的粉体形貌呈规则的块状;合成粉体的粒度随前驱体粒度减小而减小,形貌由规则的块状逐渐转变为圆滑的不规则形貌,合成ZrB2粉体最小平均粒度约为1.69μm,产物中C含量随前驱体粒度减小而减少,O含量随前驱体粒度减小而增加,氧含量最低为0.54wt％;碳热还原法合成ZrB2粉体在1500℃下是可行的,但直到1900℃碳热还原反应合成ZrB2才进行完全;碳热还原反应合成ZrB2粉体最佳的反应条件为1900℃保温30 min.     

锆英石碳热还原合成ZrB_2—SiC复合粉体

以锆英石、氧化硼、活性炭为原料,采用碳热还原合成工艺制备了ZrB2—SiC复合粉体,并对合成过程进行了热力学分析。考察了反应温度及原料配比对碳热还原合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的物相的组成、含量和显微结构的影响。结果表明:提高反应温度有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成,适当过量氧化硼及活性炭有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成。合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的最优参数为:当ZrSiO4、B2O3和C的摩尔比为1∶2∶12,在1 773K保温3h,可得到几乎纯相的ZrB2—SiC复合粉体。     

微波烧结制备碳化硅粉体的研究

以乙炔炭黑和硅粉为原料,采用微波烧结技术合成制备了粒度不同的碳化硅粉体.研究了反应温度和保温时间对碳化硅粉体产率和粒度的影响.结果表明:在900℃反应30 min,所得产物的主要物相为β-SiC和仍残余少量金属Si.随着反应温度的升高,产物中SiC的含量不断增加,残余金属Si的含量则明显下降.当反应温度升高至1100℃以上时,则得到单相的β-SiC.在1200℃下反应5min,产物中主要物相为SiC,存在着少量未反应的金属Si,当反应时间延长到15 min时,即得到单相的β-SiC.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.