铁碳微电解-UV/Fenton-SBR工艺处理二硫氰基甲烷废水工程实例

介绍了采用破乳-铁碳微电解-UV/Fenton-序批式生物反应器(SBR)工艺处理二硫氰基甲烷生产废水工程实例。工程实践表明,破乳-铁碳微电解-UV/Fenton预处理工艺可有效降低废水的生物毒性并提高其可生化性,联用SBR生化处理工艺,处理后出水达到污水综合排放标准GB 8978-1996一级标准。     

铁炭微电解工艺处理化工废水工业研究

采用铁炭微电解对粗苯加氢废水进行处理后,出水水质良好,可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)国家三级排放标准.运行中对预处理系统工况条件改进后,铁炭微电解反应器出水COD去除率由22.71％提高到51.03％,保证了系统的稳定运行,污水处理成本3.9元/t.因此,应用该工艺处理化工废水处理效果显著,具有很好的应用前景.     

微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺处理制药废水

采用铁碳微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺对制药废水进行处理,明确了微电解处理废水的最优参数,探讨了厌氧反应器及生物接触氧化反应器的启动方法。结果表明,微电解最佳反应条件:进水p H为3.0,反应时间为2 h,此条件下通过微电解作用能够分解转化废水中的有机污染物,使废水中的B/C由0.121提高到0.310。微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺在处理制药废水时可获得稳定的处理效果,出水COD及氨氮等均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)三级标准的要求。     

铁碳微电解/膜生物反应器工艺在煤制油废水处理中的应用

在尽量利用原有水处理设施前提下,以铁碳微电解/膜生物反应器工艺对煤制油废水进行了中试,规模为5 m3/h。中试结果表明,铁碳微电解可以将废水中难降解物质转化,提高废水可生化性,经膜生物反应器处理后出水水质可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准的要求。吨水处理费用为1.95元,工程实践表明,本工艺在煤制油废水应用方面有良好的应用前景。     

微电解-UASB-SBR法处理糠醛废水的试验研究

对采用微电解-UASB-SBR工艺处理企业排放的高浓度酸性糠醛废水进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,采用以活性炭和废铁屑为阴、阳极的微电解预处理糠醛废水,CODCr的去除率达到30%,再利用厌氧-好氧法进一步处理微电解出水,CODCr、BOD5总去除率达到99%以上,出水水质达到国家《污水综合排放标准》GB 8978-1996二级排放标准.     

水解酸化-混凝土生态膜法处理生活污水试验研究

通过对水解酸化池处理生活污水的试验研究,考察了反应器对生活污水可生化性能的影响,并在此基础上研究了水解酸化-混凝土生物膜反应器工艺对生活污水的处理效果。试验表明,经水解酸化处理后的废水可生化性得到改善,同时也提高了生物膜反应器的处理速率和COD去除率。生活污水经水解酸化-膜生物反应器工艺处理后,出水COD、氨氮、TP的质量浓度可达50、5、1 mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级B标准。     

硝基苯胺类农药生产废水处理的应用研究

采用混凝-铁碳微电解-水解酸化-生物接触氧化池-Biofor(一段式生物过滤氧化反应器)工艺处理硝基苯胺类生产中间体类农药废水。结果表明,混凝对COD去除效率为37%,色度去除效率为30%;铁碳微电解氧化COD去除效率为60%,色度去除率为57%。预处理废水在经过水解酸化-生物接触氧化池-Biofor工艺深度处理,出水COD在40 mg/L左右,色度在50倍左右,SS质量浓度在30 mg/L左右。出水水质要求达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准。     

电解-交换吸附-CMF微滤深度处理重金属废水

利用电偶反应器、腐殖酸系树脂吸附交换罐、钠基斜发沸石吸附交换罐、CMF微滤系统相结合的电解-交换吸附-CMF微滤工艺深度处理重金属废水,排水水质指标达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996),并能够满足冷却循环水的补充用水和洗涤水的水质要求,处理后的废水可以用泵送入区内中水回用管线,用于区内各企业回用,每年可节约生产成本28.98万元.     

微电解+ABR+接触氧化处理苯甲酸废水

采用微电解+ABR+接触氧化工艺进行处理苯甲酸。实验结果表明:采用微电解对废水进行预处理,不仅有效去除了38%的COD,还大幅提高了废水的可生化性;微电解出水经ABR厌氧生物处理,COD去除率达75%;最后经过二级接触氧化处理,出水COD为100以下,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

微电解-生化组合工艺处理医药中间体废水

对于水质成分复杂、有机物种类多浓度高的医药中间体生产废水,采用微电解-生化组合工艺处理降解污染物效果显著。处理系统运行表明,在进水流量895 m~3/d,其高浓度进水COD为10 030 mg/L,低浓度进水COD为150mg/L,通过微电解-生化组合工艺处理,出水COD低于80 mg/L,p H运行在6~9之间,出水水质稳定,达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的一级排放标准。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。