基于数学形态学的快速糖尿病视网膜病变自动检测方法

基于眼底视网膜图像的糖尿病视网膜病变(糖网)自动检测不仅可使得实施大规模糖网筛查成为可能,也可为糖网早期诊断、及时治疗以及人眼视觉科学研究提供重要依据。为此,提出了基于数学形态学的糖网病灶自动检测算法:首先利用数学形态学结合阈值分割快速提取出视盘,在此基础上得到病灶候选区域;然后利用形态学重建等获取精确的病灶轮廓,从而实现病灶的准确检测。实验结果表明,该算法能够快速,有效地检测出眼底视网膜图像中的糖网病灶。     

一种基于局部最小代价分水岭变换的图像分割新方法

利用数学形态学的基本理论,提出了一种基于局部最小代价分水岭算法的图像分割新方法. 该方法应用数学形态学的腐蚀、膨胀及坎尼(canny)算子将图像中包含外边沿的部分分割出来;对该局部区域进行最小代价的分水岭变换;提出了解决过度分割问题的一些准则. 实验结果表明,该方法不但节省运行时间,而且其能够提取出目标的完整精确的外轮廓边沿,从而在某些特定的应用领域具有独特的优势.     

基于空频结合的图像增强的脑肿瘤分割

针对脑部核磁共振图像中含有噪音、对比度低及肿瘤边界不连续模糊等造成肿瘤难以准确分割的问题,提出了一种基于空频域图像增强的脑肿瘤分割算法.首先,采用空频域相结合的增强方法对图像进行增强处理.该方法利用基于邻域的方法,结合了空间域增强算法与基于方向滤波器组的频率域增强算法,具有它们优点的同时,克服了前者导致的图像细节模糊的缺陷及后者带来的对比度降低的缺陷.然后,利用液体向量流的分割方法,对增强后的图像进行分割,得到脑肿瘤区域.实验结果表明,本文的增强方法在增强肿瘤边界特征的同时改善了图像的对比度和清晰度,提高了脑肿瘤分割的准确性.     

基于空频结合的图像增强的脑肿瘤分割

针对脑部核磁共振图像中含有噪音、对比度低及肿瘤边界不连续模糊等造成肿瘤难以准确分割的问题,提出了一种基于空频域图像增强的脑肿瘤分割算法.首先,采用空频域相结合的增强方法对图像进行增强处理.该方法利用基于邻域的方法,结合了空间域增强算法与基于方向滤波器组的频率域增强算法,具有它们优点的同时,克服了前者导致的图像细节模糊的缺陷及后者带来的对比度降低的缺陷.然后,利用液体向量流的分割方法,对增强后的图像进行分割,得到脑肿瘤区域.实验结果表明,本文的增强方法在增强肿瘤边界特征的同时改善了图像的对比度和清晰度,提高了脑肿瘤分割的准确性.     

一种高噪声显微图像分割方法研究

传统的图像分割算法在处理高噪声显微图像时,由于背景复杂,很难得到目标完整的区域轮廓。通过对不同图像分割算法的性能进行对比,提出了一种改进的二维最大熵阈值遗传算法结合数学形态学除噪分割的方法。首先用改进的二维最大熵阈值算法结合遗传算法对高噪声显微图像进行粗分割,除去图像中大量的背景噪声,然后运用数学形态学进行细分割,滤除剩余少量杂质和孔洞,提取出目标轮廓。实验结果表明改进的方法较传统分割方法具有更强的抗噪声能力及更快的处理速度,有效地实现了高噪声显微图像的除噪分割。     

一种改进的基于分水岭的图像分割算法

针对分水岭算法过分割现象,提出一种综合分水岭算法、中值过滤算法和归一化割算法的改进算法。该算法首先应用改进型的中值过滤算法对图像进行适当的除噪;然后通过分水岭变换对图像进行了初步分割,最后使用归一化割算法进行图像精度分割。算法集合了分水岭算法、中值过滤算法及归一化割算法的优点,既较好地解决了分水岭算法中过度分割的问题,又降低了归一化割算法的时间复杂度。实验结果表明该算法是一种切实可行的图像分割方法。     

基于改进区域生长法的电力设备红外图像分割

为实现电力设备红外图像中目标设备图像的分割,对传统区域生长法需要人工选择初始种子点,以及易产生过分割与欠分割的不足提出了改进,将红外图像中邻域均值最大的像素点作为种子点,实现种子点的自动选取。提出了使用Sobel算子计算梯度幅值作为附加限定条件的生长准则。改进的区域生长法的分割效果比传统的区域生长法效果更好。     

基于多模板匹配的局部自适应区域生长法在视网膜内出血自动检测中的应用

为自动检测出眼底图像中的视网膜内出血,从而构建基于眼底图像的糖尿病视网膜病变自动筛查系统,提出了基于多模板匹配的局部自适应区域生长法用以自动检测该病灶。首先,对眼底主要生理结构进行光谱特征分析,从而为不同分割目标选取合适的RGB通道;其次,利用HSV空间的亮度校正以及对比度受限自适应直方图均衡方法对眼底图像进行预处理;在此基础上利用设计好的多个模板对图像进行归一化互相关模板匹配获取该病灶候选区域;然后,从中去除视盘、血管以消除相关假阳,从而得到区域生长所需种子;最后,利用局部自适应区域生长法获取其精确轮廓,从而实现该病灶的准确检测。利用该算法对90幅不同颜色、不同亮度、不同质量、不同分辨率眼底图像进行该病灶的自动检测,实验结果表明：该算法能快速、有效地自动检测出眼底图像中的视网膜内出血,且算法稳定可靠,可满足临床需求。     

一种基于区域生长的红外与可见光的图像融合方法

针对目前红外与可见光目标跟踪的视频序列融合难以满足实时性问题，利用红外图像目标与背景显著的灰度差异特征，结合目标跟踪中目标分割时常用到的区域生长法，通过区域生长方法从红外图像中提取目标区域，再将得到的红外目标区域与已经过图像配准的可见光图像的背景区域进行融合处理，最终得到既具有红外图像较好的目标指示特性又具有可见光图像清晰场景信息的融合图像。实验表明：该算法不仅简单易行，而且所得到的融合图像视觉效果优于其他融合算法得到的图像。     

基于数学形态学的CR图像实时快速分割算法

为实现CR图像实时快速分割,提出一种针对直方图的包络特征进行处理的新方法。首先计算出图像的直方图,然后对直方图进行形态学滤波,提取出直方图的包络,在此基础上对直方图的包络采用改进的基于标记的分水岭算法自动提取出最佳阈值。最后根据从直方图中提取出的、代表图像特征的阈值对CR图像进行实时快速分割,在采集完图像的同时就可以得出分割结果。通过实验和时间复杂度与空间复杂度分析表明,采用提出的算法通过减少运算量,可以快速分割出CR图像并提取出感兴趣区。     

高分辨率遥感图像耕地地块提取方法研究

利用高分辨率遥感图像的光谱信息提取耕地地块对于土地利用动态监测、精准农业等领域有着非常重要的意义,然而传统的结合GIS软件与手工数字化提取地块的方法费时费力,并且具有很大的主观性,因此利用计算机自动提取地块具有很强的现实意义。文章提出了一种基于小波变换和分水岭分割的高分辨率遥感图像耕地地块提取方法,首先结合高分辨率层遥感图像的光谱信息,利用图像分类结果对原始图像中典型地物的灰度值进行对比增强处理,然后进行小波变换和分水岭分割,通过改进的区域合并算法解决过度分割问题,最后利用Canny算子引入边缘信息,得到最终的耕地地块分割结果。通过对北京地区Quickbird数据的应用,准确快速的提取了耕地地块数据,证明该方法是一种有效、可行的高分辨率遥感图像耕地地块提取方法。     

彩色分割的航空影像房屋自动检测

航空影像房屋提取方法的研究中大多基于灰度影像的区域生长算法,此类算法不仅忽略了不同材质的房屋所呈现的光谱特征对提取结果的影响,而且过于依赖种子像素的选取,处理效率不高。为了从高分辨率航空影像中实现房屋的自动检测,综合利用彩色信息与屋顶材料的光谱特征,采用影像分割原理,研究了房屋自动检测的方法。首先对RGB与HIS彩色空间进行转换,利用HIS空间各分量间不相关的特点和屋顶材料光谱特征进行影像分割,分离出红色瓦片屋顶与灰色水泥屋顶区域,并利用标记分水岭算法实现房屋区域的初始分割;然后计算各标记区域内的色调均值选取种子像斑样本,进而以像斑为单元在色调分量中进行区域生长,最后经过消除小斑和矩形拟合优化处理,得到轮廓清晰的房屋区域。与传统的基于像素区域分割算法相比,该方法整个过程无需人工干预且均在一维彩色空间进行处理,计算量明显降低,同时采用改进的基于像斑区域生长算法能够兼顾邻近区域内像素的几何结构信息,使算法精度得到显著提高,采用上述方法对高分辨率航空影像进行了实验,结果证明该方法有着较高的处理效率和准确性,具有实用价值。     

The study and application of the improved region growing algorithm for liver segmentation

In order to improve the accuracy of the medical image segmentation and reduce the effect of selecting seed points using region growing algorithm, an improved region growing method is proposed in this paper. First, the source images are pre-processed using non-linear mapping method and the region of interest in the liver is selected by man–machine interaction; Quasi-Monte Carlo method is used for generating low-dispersion sequences points in the region of interest and the optical seed points are selected by computing these points; In addition, the region growing criteria is also improved. The improved region growing algorithm is used for segmenting three discontinuous abdomen CT images. Compared with the traditional region growing method, the improved method can get better liver segmentation effects. The proposed method can be effectively applied to liver segmentation and it can improve the accuracy of liver segmentation.     

基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法

传统的HOG算法针对整幅图像进行行人特征提取,大量的非人窗口计算必然降低检测的准确率和效率。为此,提出一种基于OTSU分割和HOG特征的行人检测与跟踪方法。利用OTSU算法以最佳阈值分割图像,在分割区域的基础上进行Canny边缘检测,通过边缘的对称性计算确定行人候选区,继而采用经PCA方法降维后的HOG特征和隐马尔可夫模型对行人候选区进行检测验证。最后,以确定的行人区域为跟踪窗口,利用CamShift算法跟踪行人。多组实验结果证明,本文方法的行人检测效率和精度均有所提高,跟踪性能稳定、可靠。     

一种基于分水岭的连接米粒自动分割算法

在连接米粒的分割中,分水岭分割算法对一个米粒经距离变换后常存在多个局部极小值而产生过分割.为解决该问题,应用形态学膨胀将检测的邻近的局部极小值合并成一个区域,使每个米粒内部只有一个局部极小值,再用分水岭算法进行分割.实验结果表明,对长江米、圆江米和粳米3个品种籽粒,提出的算法分割正确率分别达到87%、93%和92%,获得了满意的分割效果.     

Magnetic-resonance image segmentation based on improved variable weight multi-resolution Markov random field in undecimated complex wavelet domain

To solve the problem that the magnetic resonance (MR) image has weak boundaries, large amount of information, and low signal-to-noise ratio, we propose an image segmentation method based on the multi-resolution Markov random field (MRMRF) model. The algorithm uses undecimated dual-tree complex wavelet transformation to transform the image into multiple scales. The transformed low-frequency scale histogram is used to improve the initial clustering center of the K-means algorithm, and then other cluster centers are selected according to the maximum distance rule to obtain the coarse-scale segmentation. The results are then segmented by the improved MRMRF model. In order to solve the problem of fuzzy edge segmentation caused by the gray level inhomogeneity of MR image segmentation under the MRMRF model, it is proposed to introduce variable weight parameters in the segmentation process of each scale. Furthermore, the final segmentation results are optimized. We name this algorithm the variable-weight multi-resolution Markov random field (VWMRMRF). The simulation and clinical MR image segmentation verification show that the VWMRMRF algorithm has high segmentation accuracy and robustness, and can accurately and stably achieve low signal-to-noise ratio, weak boundary MR image segmentation.     

Increased differentiation of intracranial white matter lesions by multispectral 3D-tissue segmentation: preliminary results

MRI is a very sensitive imaging modality, however with relatively low specificity. The aim of this work was to determine the potential of image post-processing using 3D-tissue segmentation technique for identification and quantitative characterization of intracranial lesions primarily in the white matter. Forty subjects participated in this study: 28 patients with brain multiple sclerosis (MS), 6 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and 6 patients with lacunar white matter infarcts (LI). In routine MR imaging these pathologies may be almost indistinguishable. The 3D-tissue segmentation technique used in this study was based on three input MR images (T(1), T(2)-weighted, and proton density). A modified k-Nearest-Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm optimized for maximum computation speed and high quality segmentation was utilized. In MS lesions, two very distinct subsets were classified using this procedure. Based on the results of segmentation one subset probably represent gliosis, and the other edema and demyelination. In SIVD, the segmented images demonstrated homogeneity, which differentiates SIVD from the heterogeneity observed in MS. This homogeneity was in agreement with the general histological findings. The LI changes pathophysiologically from subacute to chronic. The segmented images closely correlated with these changes, showing a central area of necrosis with cyst formation surrounded by an area that appears like reactive gliosis. In the chronic state, the cyst intensity was similar to that of CSF, while in the subacute stage, the peripheral rim was more prominent. Regional brain lesion load were also obtained on one MS patient to demonstrate the potential use of this technique for lesion load measurements. The majority of lesions were identified in the parietal and occipital lobes. The follow-up study showed qualitatively and quantitatively that the calculated MS load increase was associated with brain atrophy represented by an increase in CSF volume as well as decrease in "normal" brain tissue volumes. Importantly, these results were consistent with the patient's clinical evolution of the disease after a six-month period. In conclusion, these results show there is a potential application for a 3D tissue segmentation technique to characterize white matter lesions with similar intensities on T(2)-weighted MR images. The proposed methodology warrants further clinical investigation and evaluation in a large patient population.     

Computer-aided diagnosis of breast DCE-MRI using pharmacokinetic model and 3-D morphology analysis

Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) consists of a large number of images in different enhancement phases which are used to identify and characterize breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-assisted algorithm for tumor segmentation and characterization using both kinetic information and morphological features of 3-D breast DCE-MRI. An integrated color map created by intersecting kinetic and area under the curve (AUC) color maps was used to detect potential breast lesions, followed by the application of a region growing algorithm to segment the tumor. Modified fuzzy c-means clustering was used to identify the most representative kinetic curve of the whole segmented tumor, which was then characterized by using conventional curve analysis or pharmacokinetic model. The 3-D morphological features including shape features (compactness, margin, and ellipsoid fitting) and texture features (based on the grey level co-occurrence matrix) of the segmented tumor were obtained to characterize the lesion. One hundred and thirty-two biopsy-proven lesions (63 benign and 69 malignant) were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed computer-aided system for breast MRI. Five combined features including rate constant (k_ep), volume of plasma (v_p), energy (G₁), entropy (G₂), and compactness (C₁), had the best performance with an accuracy of 91.67% (121/132), sensitivity of 91.30% (63/69), specificity of 92.06% (58/63), and A_z value of 0.9427. Combining the kinetic and morphological features of 3-D breast MRI is a potentially useful and robust algorithm when attempting to differentiate benign and malignant lesions.     

一种红外成像制导中的图像分割算法

红外成像制导导弹的图像分割是图像处理中的重点和难点之一。针对飞机目标红外图像的特点,提出了一种有利于目标特征点识别的图像分割算法。它首先采用区域填充的方法对图像进行分割,然后在此基础之上利用形态学原理对分割过程中产生的"洞"区域进行填充,最后得到比较精确的分割图像。对于实现红外成像制导导弹的稳定跟踪具有一定的应用价值。