高强高模聚乙烯纤维力学性能的应变率和温度效应

利用MTS810材料试验机、旋转盘式杆-杆型冲击拉伸装置和温度控制箱,在温度20℃~110℃、应变率为0.001/s~700/s范围内,对高强高模聚乙烯纤维束进行了准静态和高应变率冲击拉伸实验,得到了不同温度、不同应变率时纤维束的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:高强高模聚乙烯纤维束的初始弹性模量具有应变率和温度相关的特性,随应变率提高而增加,随温度提高而下降;在常温下,破坏应力从准静态到动态,具有明显的应变率相关性,随应变率提高而增加,但在20℃~110℃范围内、高应变率下,对应变率变化不敏感;失稳应变也具有应变率和温度相关的特性,随应变率提高而减小,随温度提高而增大。在高应变率下,断裂应变能密度主要由初始弹性模量和失稳应变共同决定,受温度效应和应变率效应的综合影响。     

高聚物纤维材料的高应变率响应行为研究

利用MTS和旋转盘式杆－杆型冲击拉伸试验装置，在高应变率、大应变率范围条件下（Aramid:0.01/s-1000/s;PVA:0.01/s-1500/s），研究了应变率对芳纶纤维和高强PVA纤维束力学性能的影响；同时，利用扫描电子显微镜考察了纤维材料在不同应变率下的微观断裂机理。     

动态拉伸载荷下应变率和温度对Kevlar 49芳纶纤维布增强环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

为研究Kevlar 49芳纶纤维布增强环氧树脂复合材料在中等应变率和不同温度耦合作用下的力学响应和断裂行为,首先,利用MTS液压伺服高速机在不同初始应变率(25、50、100、200 s-1)和温度(-25、0、25、50、100℃)下对芳纶纤维增强复合材料(AFRP)进行单向动态拉伸测试;然后,采用Weibull分析模型量化了拉伸强度在不同应变率和温度下的离散程度。结果表明:在相同温度(25℃)下,随着应变率的增加,弹性模量和拉伸强度均先增大(初始应变率介于25~50 s-1范围内)后减小(初始应变率介于50~200 s-1范围内),极限应变则呈现出相反的变化趋势,而韧性随应变率的变化幅度不大;在相同初始应变率(25 s-1)下,与在25℃下的情况相比,温度的升高或降低均会造成弹性模量的降低,在温度为100℃时,极限应变显著增加,而拉伸强度和韧性均不会随温度的变化而发生明显改变。对AFRP断裂形态进行的对比分析表明不同试验条件下AFRP的断裂形态基本相同,均呈现出较为平整的断裂面。所得结论可为AFRP在极端载荷和环境作用下的理论研究和应用提供依据。      

碳纤维静、动态加载下拉伸力学性能的试验研究

利用岛津试验机和自行研制的旋转盘式击拉伸试验装置,对Ｔ３００和Ｍ４０Ｊ两种碳纤维实施了应变速率范围为０．００１－１３００ｓ＾－１的静、动态拉伸试验,获得了两种材料在不同应变速率下的完整的应力变曲线。     

芳纶纤维和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制备工程用纤维/水泥复合材料的适用性

研究了两种高强合成纤维在工程用纤维/水泥复合材料制备过程中的适用性,其中,芳纶纤维的表面为亲水性,超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维的表面为憎水性。研究结果表明:工程用芳纶纤维/水泥复合材料拉伸破坏过程中无应变硬化能力且表现为单裂纹破坏现象;工程用UHMWPE纤维/水泥复合材料拉伸破坏过程中表现出良好的应变硬化能力和多裂纹开裂特性。因此,两种纤维相比,UHMWPE纤维适宜于工程用纤维/水泥复合材料的制备。随着水胶比的降低,工程用UHMWPE纤维/水泥复合材料抗拉强度增大,但应变硬化能力降低,因此,在制备工程用UHMWPE纤维/水泥复合材料的过程中,应协调纤维抗拉强度和基体与纤维之间界面过渡区的品质。      

Experimental Study on Tensile Behavior of Carbon Fiber and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum at Different Strain Rate

In this study, dynamic and quasi-static tensile behaviors of carbon fiber and unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composite have been investigated. The complete stress–strain curves of fiber bundles and the composite at different strain rates were obtained. The experimental results show that carbon fiber is a strain rate insensitive material, but the tensile strength and critical strain of the C_f/Al composite increased with increasing of strain rate because of the strain rate strengthening effect of aluminum matrix. Based on experimental results, a fiber bundles model has been combined with Weibull strength distribution function to establish a one-dimensional damage constitutive equation for the C_f/Al composite.     

Effect of strain rate on the mechanical behaviors of SiC fiber

In the present paper, tensile experiments of SiC fiber bundles under different strain rates (quasi-static: 10^–4–10^–3 s^–1, dynamic: 200–1200 s^–1) are carried out and the corresponding stress-strain curves are obtained. It is found that the mechanical properties of SiC fiber bundles are rate-dependent: the elastic modulus E, strength _b and the failure strain _b remain unchanged under quasi-static condition, while they apparently increase with increasing strain rate under dynamic condition. Based on the fiber bundles model and the statistical theory of fiber strength, a bi-modal Weibull statistical model of the strain rate dependence is adopted to describe the strength distribution of SiC fiber, and the Weibull parameters are obtained by the fiber bundles testing method. Consistency between the simulated and experimental results indicates that the model and the method are valid and reliable.     

Tensile behavior of carbon fiber bundles at different strain rates

Quasi-static and high strain rate tensile tests have been performed on T700 carbon fiber bundles and complete stress-strain curves at the strain rate range of 0.001 s^− 1 to 1300 s^− 1 were obtained. Results show that strain rate has negligible effect on both ultimate strength and failure strain, and T700 carbon fiber can be regarded as strain rate insensitive materials. On the basis of the fiber bundles model and the statistic theory of fiber strength, a damage constitutive model based on Weibull distribution function has been developed to describe tensile behavior of T700 fiber bundles. And the method to determine the statistic parameters of fibers by tensile tests of fiber bundles is established, too.     

Statistical variability in the strength and failure strain of aramid and polyester yarns

The scatter in the failure strain, load and stress of high-tenacity polyester and aramid yarns is studied experimentally. From the data, the failure strains of polyester and aramid yarns can be fitted to a two-parameter Weibull distribution. However, the log-log dependence of the strain on the gauge length is best represented by the Watson-Smith modification. Whereas the strengths of polyester yarns are best described by the two-parameter Weibull distribution, those of aramid yarns are best represented by the Gumbel distribution. The effect of strain rate on the strength distribution of aramid yarns is also examined. The strength of aramid yarns decreases slightly with an increase in the strain rate. This is contrary to theoretical predictions but in line with other test data.     

Tensile Behaviour and Strength Distribution of Polyvinyl-Alcohol Fibre at High Strain Rates

Mechanical properties of Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibre bundles were studied at three high strain rates (270/s, 600/s and 1500/s). It was found that, except for the elastic modulus, which remains unchanged, both the maximum stress and the failure strain show an apparent increase with strain rate. Two failure modes of PVA fibre under tensile impact were observed. A four-parameter Weibull function was adopted to describe the strength distribution of PVA fibre and the Weibull parameters were obtained by a fibre bundle testing method. Consistency between simulated and experimental results indicates that such a function and the method are valid and reliable.     

正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为

采用细观力学方法对正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变行为进行了研究。采用剪滞模型分析了复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场。采用断裂力学方法、 临界基体应变能准则、 应变能释放率准则及Curtin统计模型4种单一失效模型确定了90°铺层横向裂纹间距、 0°铺层基体裂纹间距、 纤维/基体界面脱粘长度和纤维失效体积分数。将剪滞模型与4种单一损伤模型结合, 对各损伤阶段应力-应变曲线进行了模拟, 建立了复合材料强韧性预测模型。与室温下正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变曲线进行了对比, 各个损伤阶段的应力-应变、 失效强度及应变与试验数据吻合较好。分析了90°铺层横向断裂能、 0°铺层纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能、 纤维Weibull模量对复合材料损伤及拉伸应力-应变曲线的影响。      

单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为

采用细观力学方法对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的单轴拉伸应力-应变行为进行了研究。采用Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans（BHE）剪滞模型分析了复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场,结合临界基体应变能准则、应变能释放率准则以及Curtin统计模型三种单一失效模型分别描述陶瓷基复合材料基体开裂、界面脱粘以及纤维失效三种损伤机制,确定了基体裂纹间隔、界面脱粘长度和纤维失效体积分数。将剪滞模型与3种单一失效模型相结合,对各个损伤阶段的应力-应变曲线进行模拟,建立了准确的复合材料强韧性预测模型,并讨论了界面参数和纤维韦布尔模量对复合材料损伤以及应力-应变曲线的影响。与室温下陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸试验数据进行了对比,各个损伤阶段的应力-应变、失效强度及应变与试验数据吻合较好。     

黄麻纤维束力学性能的尺寸和应变率效应

为了探究黄麻纤维束的尺寸效应和应变率敏感性,利用C43电子式万能试验机和CEAST 9340落锤试验冲击系统分别在静动载条件下对黄麻纤维束进行测试,获得了杨氏模量、强度、峰值应变和韧性随标距和应变率的变化关系静载试验在1/600s-1应变率条件下进行,测试了6组不同标距(25、50、100、150、200和300mm)的试件;动载试验以应变率为变量,在4组不同的应变率(40、80、120和160s-1)条件下进行了测试,试件标距均为25mm。测试结果表明:随着试件标距增大,杨氏模量初始增大,当标距大于100mm时趋于稳定;强度、峰值应变和韧性均减小。随着应变率增大,杨氏模量和强度均增大;峰值应变初始减小后趋于稳定;韧性先减小后增大。鉴于植物纤维束材料较大的性能离散性,采用Weibull分布对试验数据进行拟合,获得了黄麻纤维束强度在不同试验条件(标距和应变率)下的分布规律。     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料防弹性能影响因素及破坏机制

以超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维、S-玻璃纤维、芳纶1414纤维和杂环芳纶纤维增强聚烯烃(Polyolefin,PO)和水性聚氨酯(Waterborne Polyurethane,WPU)树脂,采用热压工艺制备正交单向无纬(UD)结构复合材料装甲板;通过装甲板弹道极限速度测试,研究了纤维增强树脂基复合材料装甲板防弹性能的影响因素;通过体视显微镜观察装甲板侵彻破坏形貌,分析了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的破坏机制。结果表明:UHMWPE纤维增强PO树脂基复合材料的防弹性能与UHMWPE纤维的强度和模量呈正相关,但纤维模量对复合材料防弹性能的影响随着纤维模量的增大而逐渐变弱;在WPU树脂体系下,四种纤维的防弹性能由高到低依次是UHMWPE纤维、杂环芳纶纤维、芳纶1414纤维、S-玻璃纤维;纤维增强树脂基复合材料装甲板中纤维破坏方式有迎弹面纤维被剪切冲塞、中部被纤维拉伸变形后剪切、背弹面纤维被拉伸断裂,中部纤维拉伸变形是消耗子弹动能的主要方式。     

Tensile mechanical behavior of T300 and M40J fiber bundles at different strain rate

Tensile mechanical behavior of T300 fiber bundles and M40J fiber bundles have been studied in the strain rate range from 0.001 1/s to 1300 1/s and complete stress strain curves were obtained. Results show that both ultimate strength and failure strain of two materials are strain rate insensitive, and T300 fiber and M40J fiber can be regarded as strain rate insensitive materials. On basis of the fiber bundles model and the statistic theory of fiber strength, single Weibull distribution model and bimodal Weibull distribution model have been developed to describe mechanical behavior of fiber bundles. And a method for determine the statistic parameters of fibers by tensile tests of fiber bundles is established, too. The simulated stress strain curves from the model are in good agreement with the test data. Simulated results show that the strength of T300 fiber can be described by single Weibull distribution function, and the strength of M40J fiber should be described by bimodal Weibull distribution function.     

Analytical study of tensile behaviors of UHMWPE/nano-epoxy bundle composites

Ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber reinforced nano-epoxy and pure epoxy composites in bundle form were prepared and tested for tensile properties. UHMWPE fiber composites are well known for their superior tensile performance, and this work was conducted to assess the effect of adding nanoadditives to the resin and to evaluate possible enhancements or degradations to that attribute. The results showed that tensile tests on various types of UHMWPE fibers/nano-epoxy bundle composites resulted in an increase in modulus of elasticity due to the addition of small amounts of reactive nanofibers (r-GNFs) to epoxy matrix. It was observed that the modulus of elasticity of the composite bundles depended on both volume fractions of the matrix and the weight percent (wt%) of r-GNFs in the matrix. A non-linear relationship was established among them and an optimal modulus was determined by calculation. A three-dimensional surface plot considering these two parameters has been generated which gives an indication of change in modulus of elasticity with respect to volume fraction of matrix and wt% of r-GNFs in the matrix. A Weibull analysis of tensile strengths for the various bundle composites was performed and their Weibull moduli were compared. The results showed that presence of r-GNFs in the composites increased the strength effectively, and 0.3 wt% r-GNFs based composites showed the highest strength. An important ancillary finding is that optimum tensile values are a function not only of the above parameters, but also strongly influenced by the addition of diluents which control the viscosity of the blend.     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

试验研究了一种捻制超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能。研制了4种纤维体积掺量(0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、1.0%)的C70等级纤维混凝土,采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆进行冲击压缩试验,研究了纤维混凝土在140~255 s~(-1)应变率下的动态压缩力学性能。试验结果表明:UHMWPE纤维混凝土抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量具有明显的应变率敏感性;纤维混凝土抗压强度应变率敏感性弱于素混凝土,但其弹性模量应变率敏感性强于素混凝土;动态强度增长因子与应变率对数呈线性关系,具体关系与纤维掺量相关。     

The effect of a compliant polyimide nanocoating on the tensile properties of a high strength PAN-based carbon fiber

The effect of a compliant polyimide nanocoating on the tensile strength of a polyacrylonitrile-based high tensile strength (T1000GB) carbon fiber was investigated. The pyromellitic dianhydride/4-4′-oxydianiline polyimide nanocoating was deposited by high-temperature vapor deposition polymerization. The thickness of the polyimide coating was about 100 nm. The tensile strength and Weibull modulus of nanocoated and uncoated fiber bundles were evaluated using a polyimide-impregnated bundle-composite. The results clearly demonstrated that the compliant polyimide nanocoating is effective in improving the tensile strength and Weibull modulus of T1000GB carbon fiber.     

Experimental evaluation of the strength distribution of fibers under high strain rates by bimodal Weibull distribution

This paper proposes a bimodal Weibull distribution model for strain- rate- and temperature-dependent fiber strength. The relationships of the mechanical quantities between fiber and fiber bundles at different strain rates and temperatures under tensile impact are established. A method for determining mechanical parameters of fibers by tensile impact tests of fiber bundles is established. Experiments on E-glass bundles have been performed at six strain rates (90, 300, 800, 1100, 1300 and 1700 s⁻¹) at three different temperatures (−70, 14, 80°C). According to the statistical analysis and models, the mechanical parameters for the fiber and their relationships with strain rate and temperature are obtained from the tensile impact experimental results. The emulated stress/strain curves from the model are in good agreement with the test data. The theoretical model and test results show that the shape parameters, β^d₁ and β^d₂, are not only strain rate independent but also temperature independent. The scale parameters σ^d₀₁ and σ^d₀₂, which change with strain rate and temperature, are not constant.     

短玻纤和SiO2 颗粒增强PA66/ UHMWPE复合材料的力学性能

制备了PA66/ U HMWPE/ HDPE-g-MA H 共混合金, 并对其力学性能和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明: 随着U HMWPE 含量的增加, 共混合金缺口冲击强度显著提高, 拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量下降。为了弥补强度和刚性的损失, 使材料同时具有良好的韧性、强度和刚性, 采用了短玻璃纤维和无机粒子混杂增强PA66/ U HMWPE/ HDPE-g-MAH (80/ 20/ 20) 。经短玻纤和无机粒子混杂增强后, 材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、模量和刚性都明显提高, 同时材料缺口冲击强度保持较高水平, 比尼龙66 提高72.9 %。