精细化学品工业

TE35 7　TQ4 2 3.99 2 0 0 4 0 735 5新型耐温耐盐表面活性剂驱油体系的研究〔刊〕/郭东红 ,辛浩川… (中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院油田化学研究所 )∥精细石油化工进展 .- 2 0 0 3,4 (10 ) .- 1～3　　合成了一种聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐型表面活性剂 ,并将其与廉价的渣油磺酸盐表面活性剂复配 ,得到一种耐温、耐盐的复配表面活性剂驱油体系。将该表面活性剂驱油体系用于大港油田原油 ,在 85℃下 ,模拟水的矿化度为 35 337mg/L、高价离子 (Ca2 + ,Mg2 + )含量为 10 0 0mg/L时 ,油水界面张力仍可达到超低 (约 10 3 mN/m) ,…     

磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂与疏水缔合聚合物的相互作用

为了提高疏水缔合聚合物对高温高矿化度油藏的适用性,合成了磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂,并与疏水缔合聚合物.AP-P4进行了复配.实验结果表明,疏水缔合聚合物能够减少磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂在界面上的吸附;质量浓度为50mg/L的磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂在地层水中能大幅度地增加复配溶液的粘度;复配体系在粘度最高点时形成了粒径为54.7mm的均一聚集体;疏水缔合聚合物的加入能够诱导磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂在溶液中形成棒状胶束和囊泡.由此可见,磺酸盐阴离子双子表面活性剂与疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4有良好的协同性.这种二元驱油体系有望克服三元复合驱中碱对复配体系粘度的损害,为化学驱开辟新的方向.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐耐温耐盐性研究

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐（AESO）是一种非离子-阴离子型表面活性剂，与廉价表面活性剂重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）复配，得复合表面活性剂，可大大提高HABS的耐盐性，分别考察了AESO和AESO与HABS复合表面活性剂耐盐性、耐钙镁离子浓度及耐高温性能。结果表明，在HABS与AESO质量比7：3，两种活性物总含量0．3％，或单独使用AESO含量0．5％，氢氧化钠含量1．0％，聚合物含量0．1％的三元复合驱体系，在地层水总矿化度89000mg／L、钙镁离子浓度1150mg／L、温度85℃条件下，仍能使油水界面张力达到超低（～10^-3mN／m），表面活性剂活性物水解率很低，说明表面活性剂AESO及AESO与HABS复合表面活性剂具有耐盐、耐钙镁离子浓度及耐高温性能，适合于高温、高矿化度的油藏三次采油。     

醚羧酸盐及其与石油磺酸盐和碱的复配研究

本文报道醚羧酸盐表面活性剂的应用研究结果。在考察这种非离子阴离子型表面活性剂的耐温、耐盐、耐钙能力及界面张力基础上，主要研究了它与石油磺酸盐和碱的复配性能。实验研究结果表明，这种表面活性剂与石油磺酸盐复配不仅能大大改善石油磺酸盐的耐盐性能，而且不需添加低分子量的醇即能使复配体系与癸烷的界面张力达到超低，可用于高矿化度地层驱油。加入碱可进一步增强醚羧酸盐／石油磺酸盐复配体系的界面张力协同效应     

适合低渗高盐油藏的表面活性剂复配体系及性能研究

为获得适合长庆油田低渗高盐油藏使用的驱油体系,通过将石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂CQPS和脂肪醇系列非离子表面活性剂ZFC-2复配,并加入醇类助剂ZJ-5,得到表面活性剂复配驱油体系YFFP-2,对其界面特性、乳化性能、吸附性能和提高采收率性能进行了研究。结果表明,YFFP-2复配体系的最佳配方为0.15%CQPS+0.05%ZFC-2+0.005%ZJ-5。在80℃、矿化度50 g/L的条件下,YFFP-2与脱水原油的界面张力为3.35×10-3m N/m;YFFP-2乳状液静置15 h后的析水率约15%;在天然低渗(20×10-3μm2)岩心上的动态吸附量为0.63 mg/g,远小于其在油砂、净砂上的静态吸附量(13.9、12.8 mg/g);YFFP-2驱油的最终采收率为68.4%,采收率增幅为26.4%,提高采收率的作用优于CQPS。     

针对ANDES油田的抗高温高盐二元复合驱油体系研究

ANDES油田属于高温(96℃)、高盐(71.5 g/L)油藏。在此条件下,将耐温耐盐理想的疏水缔合聚合物AP-P5与4种表面活性剂复配,发现0.3%的磺酸盐(MJ2)或大庆石油磺酸盐(DQ)与2500mg/LAP-P5形成的二元体系界面张力可以达到10~(-3)mN/m数量级。考察了温度、矿化度对这两种二元复合体系黏度的影响。结果表明,两种二元复合体系黏度随着温度、矿化度的增加而降低。在96℃、矿化度为70 g/L的条件下,3000 mg/L AP-P5+0.3%MJ2+稳定剂硫脲二元复合体系的黏度为99.4mPa·s,达到现场要求。并且该二元体系在此条件下放置两个月后,黏度趋于稳定,界面张力波动幅度不大。室内物理模拟驱油实验中,当二元复合体系注入体积为0.65 PV时,采收率增幅最大(24.5%)。前期水驱至含水85%+0.65 PV(3000 mg/L AP-P5+0.3%MJ2)+后期水驱至出口含水98%为最佳驱油方案。     

耐温抗盐型复合表面活性剂驱油体系的合成及应用

为解决高温、高矿化度油藏注水开发效果差的问题,通过室内实验,合成了一种新型阴-非离子表面活性剂AN-2,复配以磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂GS-1,研制出一种耐温抗盐型高效复合表面活性剂驱油体系。对体系性能进行了室内评价,结果表明:体系具有良好的耐温抗盐性能,在温度140℃、矿化度30×104mg/L时,界面张力仍可以达到10-3 m N/m数量级,在125℃下老化30 d后仍能保持超低界面张力水平;体系的动态吸附量较小,在地层中的吸附损失较少;当注入0.3 PV的驱油体系时,能够使岩心水驱后的采收率增加15%以上。现场应用结果表明,施工后区块内生产井产液量、产油量明显上升,含水率下降,取得明显增油效果。     

石油磺酸盐-乙二胺复合驱油体系研究

针对无机碱表面活性剂驱替会引发结垢、对地层造成伤害等问题,采用有机碱代替无机碱与表面活性剂复配。以乙二胺(EDA)作碱剂,与石油磺酸盐(SLPS)复配,优选出表面活性剂-有机胺驱油体系的组成为:质量分数为0.20%SLPS+0.15%EDA。评价了表面活性剂-有机胺驱油体系抗盐性能、乳化性能、驱油性能;其中,盐对体系驱替能力的影响:当氯化钠浓度低于30 000 mg/L,氯化钙浓度低于400 mg/L时,体系能使油水最低界面张力降到10-3m N/m以下。体系的乳化特性随着水油体积比的减小,乳状液中值粒径逐渐变大。驱油实验表明,水驱后,该复合体系原油采收率可提高10.83%。     

烷基芳基磺酸盐与其他表面活性剂的配伍性研究

采用烷基芳基磺酸盐(XWY)、脂肽类生物表面活性剂(HLZT)和腰果酚磺丙基甜菜碱(XCBS)三种表面活性剂复配制备了一系列表面活性剂体系,考察了表面活性剂与聚合物二元复合驱油体系的性能,利用含量为0.30%(w)的表面活性剂溶液与聚合物组成的二元驱油体系在贝雷岩心上进行驱油实验。实验结果表明,XWY表面活性剂、HLZT表面活性剂与XCBS之间具有很好的配伍性和协同效应,在三次采油中将化学驱和生物表面活性剂驱结合,能显著降低二元体系的界面张力,合成的表面活性剂稳定性好,抗吸附性能符合二元驱表面活性剂的要求,注0.3 PV含量为0.30%(w)的复配表面活性剂与聚合物组成的二元驱油体系段塞,总采收率可达到63.9%,具有较好的驱油效果。     

表面活性剂增效碱驱中表面活性剂之间的协同效应

本文考虑了在碱（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）性条件下表面活性剂之间在界面张力性质、耐盐性及驱油效率等方面的协同效应。实验结果表明，阴离子表面活性剂（石油磺酸盐）与非离子表面活性剂之间的复配，除在界面张力性质方面显现出比石油磺酸盐之间更好的协同效应外，石油磺酸盐在较高矿化度下的溶解性也获得根本改善，能够顺利通过孔隙介质并获得较高的驱油效率，长期放置亦无沉淀发生，为热力学稳定体系。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.