PVA与丁二酸酯化淀粉共混膜的力学性能

制备了不同改性程度的丁二酸酯化淀粉,并与聚乙烯醇（PVA）以溶液共混法制备了丁二酸酯淀粉/PVA共混膜,通过X射线衍射仪表征共混膜与酯化膜的结构,通过扫描电子显微镜观测其表面结构,并测试了共混膜的力学性能。结果表明,丁二酸酯化改性程度、PVA分子结构以及酯化淀粉/PVA的共混比对共混膜的力学性能有影响;随着改性程度的增加,共混膜的断裂强度及断裂伸长率均增大;随着PVA聚合度与醇解度的增大,共混膜的断裂强度及断裂伸长率均增大;随着淀粉含量的增加,共混膜的断裂强度先减小后增大,断裂伸长率逐渐减小;当共混比为50:50时,断裂强度最小。     

季铵阳离子淀粉/PVA共混膜的性能研究

将季铵阳离子淀粉(QS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别煮浆,之后按所需比例进行混合来制备共混膜,利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共混膜进行表征并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,QS变性程度、PVA聚合度与醇解度、共混比对共混膜的性能都存在很大关系。增加QS取代度,共混膜的断裂强度与断裂伸长率提高、磨耗降低;增大PVA的聚合度与醇解度,有助于提高共混膜断裂强度和断裂伸长率;随着QS含量的增多,共混膜的断裂强度增大,断裂伸长率减小。     

季铵阳离子淀粉/PVA共混膜的性能研究

将季铵阳离子淀粉(QS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别煮浆,之后按所需比例进行混合来制备共混膜,利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共混膜进行表征并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,QS变性程度、PVA聚合度与醇解度、共混比对共混膜的性能都存在很大关系。增加QS取代度,共混膜的断裂强度与断裂伸长率提高、磨耗降低;增大PVA的聚合度与醇解度,有助于提高共混膜断裂强度和断裂伸长率;随着QS含量的增多,共混膜的断裂强度增大,断裂伸长率减小。     

醋酸酯淀粉/PVA共混膜性能研究

通过改变醋酸乙烯酯对玉米淀粉的投料比,制备一系列不同取代度的醋酸酯淀粉.将醋酸酯淀粉与聚乙烯醇(PVA)通过溶液共混的方法来制备共混膜,讨论了醋酸酯化的改性程度、增塑剂丙三醇和交联剂戊二醛的用量对共混膜力学性能、透光率的影响.结果表明,当醋酸酯淀粉取代度提高时,断裂强度、断裂伸长率和透光率逐渐增大;共混膜的断裂伸长率随丙三醇含量的增加而显著增加,断裂强度逐渐下降,透光率呈现先增加后减少的趋势.当交联剂戊二醛的质量分数为4.5％时,共混膜的断裂伸长率、断裂强度和透光率达到了最大值.     

PLA/P34HB共混纤维的制备与性能

采用熔融纺丝法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯）（P34HB）共混纤维,分析了P34HB含量对PLA/P34HB共混纤维热学性能、结晶性能和力学性能的影响,并研究了拉伸倍数对P34HB含量为30%(w)的共混纤维性能的影响。结果表明：当拉伸倍数为3倍时,随着P34HB含量的增加,PLA/P34HB共混纤维的结晶度逐渐降低,断裂强度和初始模量逐渐下降,而断裂伸长率逐渐增大;随着拉伸倍数的增大,P34HB含量为30%(w)的PLA/P34HB共混纤维的结晶度、断裂强度和初始模量逐渐提高,断裂伸长率逐渐降低,当拉伸8倍时,共混纤维的断裂强度达到425 MPa,断裂伸长率为15.5%,初始模量为7 005 MPa。     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉薄膜的力学性能及结晶行为

通过熔融共混挤出的方法,制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/淀粉薄膜,研究了淀粉加入量对PVA/淀粉薄膜力学性能的影响。采用差示扫描量热法研究了PVA薄膜和PVA/淀粉薄膜的结晶行为及非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:随着淀粉含量的增加.PVM淀粉薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降。在淀粉质量分数为25%时,薄膜的拉伸强度为17.05 MPa.断裂伸长率为425.00%.仍能达到包装薄膜对力学性能的要求。PVA/淀粉薄膜熔融温度和结晶温度均随着淀粉加入量的增加向低温方向移动;在相同的冷却速率下,共混薄膜的结晶速率低于PVA薄膜,同时结晶度也下降.导致力学性能下降。     

羧甲基壳聚糖与明胶共混膜的制备及其性能的研究

制备出羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-ch)/明胶共混膜,研究了CM-ch、交联剂等对共混膜的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、溶出率、吸水率等的影响,并通过DSC、扫描电镜等测试手段对共混膜进行了表征。结果表明:CM-ch的加入降低了明胶膜的结晶度,断裂伸长率增大明显,由38%增至76%,且随着CM-ch含量的增加,膜的吸水率和溶出率均有所增大;交联剂的加入能有效地改善共混膜的机械性能,而随交联剂浓度的提高,膜的吸水率和溶出率均有所降低。截面的电镜照片表明这两种生物材料有很好的相容性。     

制取聚苯胺-聚乙烯醇导电共混膜的条件研究

用共混浇铸法制备PAN-PVA共混膜,探讨了制膜液中PAN与PVA的质量比、成膜干燥温度和制膜液浓度对共混膜性能的影响,测定了膜的拉伸断裂强度和断裂伸长率。结果表明,制取电导率高、力学性能较好的适合作电磁屏蔽材料的PAN-PVA共混膜的条件为:制膜液内PVA的质量百分数为40%,成膜干燥温度为80℃,制膜液浓度为17.0 mg/mL。     

S_t-g-PDMC/PVA共混薄膜的研究

合成了淀粉-g-聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(St-g-PDMC),并与PVA共混,研究了St-g-PDMC/PVA共混比对共混薄膜的力学性能、抗弯曲性、水溶时间及吸湿率的影响,同时验证其对涤/棉纤维粘合性的影响。结果表明,随着PVA含量的增加,共混薄膜的断裂强度降低,伸长率和抗弯曲性能变好,水溶时间和吸湿率变小,对涤/棉纤维的粘合力先增大后减小,在St-g-PDMC/PVA共混比为60∶40时强力最大。     

聚乙烯醇/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共混物的热行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)共混物膜,通过差示扫描量热仪研究了共混物膜的结晶和熔融行为。结果表明,随着共混物中PP-g-MAH含量（不超过50 %）的增加,PVA相的结晶和熔融温度升高,结晶度增加,结晶速率增加,而随着PVA含量（超过30 %）的增加,PP-g-MAH的结晶及熔融温度降低,结晶度降低,结晶速率增加。用Ozawa法对共混物中PVA相的非等温结晶动力学研究表明,共混物中PVA相在191~197 ℃开始主期结晶,在173~189 ℃进入次期结晶阶段。     

Synthesis of starch‐based plastic films by electron beam irradiation

Starch‐based plastic films were prepared by the electron beam irradiation of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a physical gel state at room temperature. The influence of starch/PVA composition, irradiation dose, and plasticizer (glycerol) on the properties of the plastic films was investigated. The gel fraction of the starch/PVA films increased with both the radiation dose and PVA content in the plastic film and decreased with increasing glycerol concentration. The starch/PVA compatibility was determined by measurement of the thermal properties of the starch/PVA blends with various compositions with differential scanning calorimetry. The swelling of the starch/PVA films increased with increasing PVA content and decreasing irradiation dose. Mechanical studies were carried out, and the tensile strength of the films decreased at high starch ratios in the starch‐based mixture. This was due to the decrease in the degree of crosslinking of starch. Furthermore, when PVA, a biodegradable and flexible‐chain polymer, was incorporated into the starch‐based films, the properties of the films, such as the flexibility (elongation at break), were obviously improved. The tensile strength of the films decreased with increasing glycerol concentration, but elongation at break increased up to a maximum value at a 20% glycerol concentration, and then, it leveled off and decreased slightly. Biodegradation of the starch/PVA plastic films was indicated by weight loss (%) after burial in soil and morphological shape, which was detected by scanning electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 504–513, 2007     

蓝藻基生物降解共混膜的力学性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和水华蓝藻为主要原料,通过溶液铺膜法制备了蓝藻/PVA共混膜,采用万能试验机,研究了不同助剂对蓝藻/PVA共混膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,蓝藻的添加显著降低了共混膜的力学性能。当添加比例为PVA的1/2时,膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别比无藻处理下降了65.89%和79.57%。甘油、尿素显著提升了蓝藻/PVA共混膜的断裂伸长率,当添加比例为蓝藻的1/2时,分别能使共混膜的断裂伸长率提高73.20倍和62.02倍。虽然柠檬酸、硅烷偶联剂能够提升蓝藻/PVA共混膜的拉伸强度,但只能在低剂量时促进断裂伸长率的小幅提高,当柠檬酸添加比例为蓝藻的1/40时,膜的断裂伸长率能提高4.41倍,而当硅烷偶联剂添加比例为蓝藻的1/20时,膜的断裂伸长率能提高1.49倍。尿素与甘油复合增塑,更有利于提升共混膜的断裂伸长率。硅烷偶联剂与甘油复合增塑,更有利于提升共混膜的拉伸强度。     

辛烯基琥珀酸酯⁃羧甲基淀粉膜力学性能的研究

以玉米淀粉、一氯乙酸及辛烯基琥珀酸酐为原料,通过2步反应制备了辛烯基琥珀酸酯?羧甲基油水两亲性淀粉（OS?CMS）。采用红外光谱进行结构表征;用X射线衍射仪进行薄膜结晶度测试。通过力学性能测试,研究了在不同油水官能团摩尔比及变性程度对OS?CMS薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,经变性后的OS?CMS薄膜结晶度降低;随着摩尔比的提高,OS?CMS薄膜的断裂强度有所上升,断裂伸长率先上升后下降,最终提高了薄膜的韧性,在2种官能团摩尔比为1∶1时,薄膜的断裂伸长率最大;随着变性程度的提高,OS?CMS薄膜的断裂强度与断裂伸长率也逐渐增加,进一步改善了力学性能。     

Effect of postcrosslinking modification with glutaraldehyde on the properties of thermoplastic starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend films were modified by crosslinking through soaking the films in glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and then heating in an oven. The effects of the concentration of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, soaking time, reaction temperature, and time on the crosslinking reaction were investigated. The moisture absorption and mechanical properties of the films were measured to characterize the influence of the crosslinking modification. It was found that the crosslinking modification significantly reduced the moisture sensitivity of the TPS/PVA blend films and increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus but decreased the elongation at break of the TPS/PVA blend films. The described method could be used for posttreating TPS/PVA‐based products to optimize their properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

淀粉/三聚氰胺增塑PVA熔融加工膜的制备及性能

以淀粉/三聚氰胺为复配增塑剂,利用熔融加工工艺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TG)和力学性能测试等考察了增塑剂含量对PVA膜性能的影响.结果表明,复配增塑剂能有效破坏分子链间氢键,对PVA的增塑作用明显.随增塑剂含量增大,PVA膜的力学性能和熔体质量流动速率呈先增大后减小的趋势,熔点...     

PBSA/木薯淀粉湿法共混体系研究

采用湿法共混工艺制备了聚丁二酸/己二酸–丁二醇酯(PBSA)/木薯淀粉薄膜。对薄膜的力学性能、热稳定性和微观形貌以及树脂的摩尔质量变化进行了研究。结果表明,共混体系的熔融温度基本没有变化,结晶峰温度略有升高;随木薯淀粉含量的增加,PBSA/淀粉共混薄膜的力学性能下降,木薯淀粉和PBSA在各自的温度区域内分解,共混材料的热稳定性下降;GPC结果显示加工过程中,虽有水分存在,但是PBSA的摩尔质量没有降低。随淀粉含量的增加,薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低,当淀粉质量分数10%时,共混薄膜仍能保持良好的机械性能,达到GB/T 4456—2008的要求。湿法共混工艺能够在一定程度上取得物料共混的理想效果,在降低生产成本的同时保持良好的综合机械性能和加工性能。     

Effect of electron-beam irradiation followed by annealing on the physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)–chitosan blend films at different weight ratios

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electron-beam irradiation followed by annealing on the physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–chitosan (CS) blend films. Solution-cast films containing various ratios of polymers were exposed to irradiation doses of 26, 39, and 52 kGy at room temperature and then annealed at 100 °C. The results show that at all doses, with an increase in the weight ratio of CS, the gel content of the samples decreased, and the water absorption of the samples increased. The irradiation dose ranged from 26 to 39 kGy; this led to an increased gel content and a decreased degree of swelling in the samples. However, at 52 kGy, an increase in the amount of swelling was observed. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electronic microscopy images of the samples revealed that the increase in the irradiation dose reduced the crystallinity and increased the surface heterogeneity, respectively. The tensile strength of the blends decreased with decreasing PVA–CS weight ratio. This property of the samples increased with dose from 26 to 39 kGy and decreased at 52 kGy. The elongation at break of the samples decreased with both an increase in the irradiation dose and a decrease in the CS content. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47820.     

Studies on compatibility of biodegradable starch/polyvinyl alcohol blends

Compatibility of starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends, prepared by solution cast method, is dependent on the blend composition. Crystallinity of the blend, as measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), decreases with increase in starch content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the broadness in the peak width at the degradation region increases with increase in starch content in the starch/PVA blend. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) reveal that the broadness of the relaxation peaks is due to the partial compatibility of the glycerol plasticized starch/PVA blends. The tensile property decreases with increase in starch content and the 30/70 starch/PVA blend shows maximum ductility in respect to both the percentage of elongation and energy at break. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PVC-C/PVC共混材料的性能研究

采用氯化聚乙烯（CPE）对氯化聚氯乙烯（PVC—C）进行抗冲改性，将改性后的PVC—C与PVC进行共混，研究了PVC-C／PVC配比对PVC-C／PVC共混物力学性能、耐热性能及流变形能的影响。结果表明，PVC—C／PVC共混物的维卡软化点随PVC—C的用量增加而上升，在50／50（质量比）处有一拐点，大于50／50时上升更快些。共混物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和熔体黏度随PVC—C用量的增加而提高；混物中随PVC—C用量增加，塑化时间缩短，塑化能力增强，而冲击强度和断裂伸长率却随PVC—C用量增加而下降。共平衡转矩增加。     

PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维的晶态结构与拉伸性能研究

采用溶液干纺法制备了聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚乳酸/聚氧乙烯(PHB/PLLA/PEO)共混纤维,研究了PHB/PLLA/PEO初生纤维的晶态结构、在50℃和110℃下拉伸后共混纤维的力学性能及表面形态。结果表明:PHB与PLLA在PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维中的晶型均为α晶型;初生纤维经50℃和110℃拉伸2倍后,纤维的断裂强度均有所增加,断裂伸长率减小,50℃拉伸的纤维断裂强度高于110℃拉伸,其断裂方式均为韧性断裂;w(PEO)为5%,PHB/PLLA质量比为1:1,50℃拉伸2倍的PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维断裂强度为0.471 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为34.05%