3例肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤误诊为肝癌CT回顾分析

目的探讨肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)与肝癌的CT鉴别诊断。资料与方法3例经手术病理证实的肝脏MFH患者行16层螺旋CT扫描,均采用平扫加双期及延迟扫描。结果3例平扫呈稍低密度实性较大肿块,增强扫描病灶呈快进慢出表现,2例病灶中心均有明显坏死,1例见丰富的肿瘤血管,1例肝内胆管扩张,3例均未发现门静脉癌栓、淋巴结及远处转移。结论肝脏MFH具备很多肝癌和类似肝癌的CT特征,两者仅是在各种特征的程度上有一定的差异。     

肝脏原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤动态CT表现与病理对照研究

目的研究肝脏原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(malignant fibrous histiocytoma,MFH)动态CT表现及其病理基础。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经病理证实的肝脏MFH的动态增强CT表现及病理学表现。结果 CT显示肝脏MFH呈不规则的囊实性肿块,直径4~15 cm,平扫密度不均,内见更低密度影,边界欠清晰,增强扫描肿块呈渐进性不均匀强化,延迟扫描轻度强化,1例术前肺部、肝内转移,1例术后肝内、肺部转移,1例术后肝脏肿块复发;病理示瘤细胞多为梭形,细胞核较肥胖,形态不规则,部分可见瘤巨细胞,瘤细胞呈束状、漩涡状排列,间质少,可见炎细胞浸润。免疫组织化学检查示:Vim、CD68阳性,CK、AFP、S100阴性。结论动态CT扫描能较好地显示肝脏原发MFH肿瘤内部结构。     

原发性肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别

目的：探讨原发性肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术或活检病理证实的原发性肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT表现。结果：3例肿瘤位于肝右叶,2例位于肝左叶,4例肿瘤边界清楚,1例与周围肝实质分界不清。CT平扫5例肿瘤均表现为不均匀低密度,增强扫描肿瘤强化方式多样,5例肿瘤中,3例车辐状多形性型肝MFH增强扫描动脉期肿瘤实性成分轻中度不均匀强化,另外2例炎症型肝MFH动脉期明显强化,门脉期进一步强化,延迟扫描5例肿瘤均呈低密度,但肿瘤内部实性成分显示更为清晰。5例肿瘤中有4例可见粗大的供血动脉进入肿块内部。结论：肝脏恶性纤维组织细胞瘤CT表现多样,掌握不同病理类型肝MFH的CT表现,可提高其诊断的准确性。     

原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：提高对原发性肝脏淋巴瘤CT表现的认识。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的4例原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现,采用CT平扫与增强扫描检查。结果4例均表现为肝脏单发病灶。CT表现：平扫肝脏病灶呈低密度（3/4）或稍低密度（1/4）,密度均匀或不均匀,边界较清;增强扫描显示无明显强化（1/4）或轻度强化（3/4）。2例肿瘤中见血管走行,类似“血管漂浮征”,血管无明显狭窄、受侵表现。结论原发性肝脏淋巴瘤CT平扫多表现为低密度,边界较清,增强扫描大多表现为无明显强化或轻度强化。部分病灶可见“血管漂浮征”,具有一定特征,结合临床资料,可提高其诊断准确性。     

肝脏原发性血管肉瘤的CT表现(附3例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨肝脏原发性血管肉瘤的CT诊断特点及鉴别诊断。资料与方法对经手术病理证实的3例肝脏原发性血管肉瘤的CT表现进行回顾性分析,并结合文献分析肝脏原发性血管肉瘤的CT表现特点。结果 2例表现为巨块型,并周缘见子病灶,1例表现为弥漫多结节型,平扫均表现为不规则低密度区,无明显边界,增强扫描动脉期病灶内呈轻度不均匀强化,门静脉期可见不规则条状及斑片状强化,延迟期病灶呈向中心充填式强化;肝内外胆管均未见扩张,1例伴双肺转移瘤。结论肝脏原发性血管肉瘤的CT表现具有一定特点,结合临床病史及体征,不难与肝血管瘤、肝癌及肝转移癌鉴别。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现

目的：探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌（IHPCC）的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：收集21例经手术病理证实IHPCC的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果：21例平扫表现为低密度病灶,多数边界不清,伴病灶周边胆管扩张15例,肝内胆管结石9例,胆总管结石2例;伴肝叶萎缩13例,病灶局部肝轮廓凹陷10例;增强扫描动脉期病灶周边环形、结节状强化19例,内部呈斑片状强化7例,线样强化5例、网格状强化4例,静脉期及延迟10~15min后扫描病灶有进一步强化、充填,呈现渐进性强化的特点。发现肝门周围和后腹膜区淋巴结肿大8例,无弥漫性肝硬化表现及门静脉癌栓形成征象。结论：IHPCC与其它肝肿瘤及非肿瘤性病变有着不同的病理和CT表现特征,螺旋CT动态多期增强扫描对IHPCC的诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的CT增强特征及其病理基础,提高该病CT诊断的准确性。方法15例经病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌,均行CT平扫及增强扫描,其中,6例加做CT延时扫描。结果15例平扫表现为低密度病灶伴肝内胆管扩张8例,合并肝内胆管结石4例,合并钙化2例;增强扫描呈线样强化7例,呈网格样强化6例,结节样强化1例,无明显强化1例;病理显示肝内胆管细胞癌纤维组织丰富,血管稀少。结论CT平扫病灶呈低密度而增强扫描呈线样及网格样强化对肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

肝胰原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨肝胰原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)的CT表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的4例肝MFH和1例胰MFH的CT表现。病理分型:1例为黏液型,4例为多形性型。5例均采用CT平扫和双期增强扫描,其中2例进行了延迟扫描。结果:5例肿瘤最大径6.8~22.5cm,其中位于肝右叶1例,肝左叶3例,胰尾部1例。CT平扫:1例表现为巨大囊性结构为主的肿块,有包膜,边界清楚;4例表现为不规则形低密度肿块,边界不清。增强扫描:动脉期示肿瘤实质呈轻度~明显强化,2例肿瘤内可见细小血管;静脉期肿瘤呈中度~明显强化,肿瘤内坏死区和肿瘤实质显示清晰,边界清楚;延迟期2例示病灶密度稍低于肝实质。5例中合并肝内转移1例,肝内胆管轻度扩张2例,侵犯膈肌2例,腹膜后淋巴结转移1例。术前CT诊断为恶性肿瘤4例,良性病变1例。结论:肝胰MFH的主要CT表现为肿瘤内坏死显著,局部浸润性强,其CT表现与病理所见有很好的一致性。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的:探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现,加深对肝内胆管细胞癌的认识。方法:回顾性分析14例经病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌的CT影像学表现。结果:14例中8例边界模糊的类圆形低密度肿块,11例伴肝内胆管扩张,6例边界较清晰。增强扫描8例早期肿块周边呈不规则强化;4例周边呈环形或结节状明显强化;2例无明显强化;延时扫描所有病灶均延迟强化。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描显示肝内胆管细胞癌有一定的特征性,具有较高的诊断价值。     

动脉期轻度强化或不强化肝脏病灶的CT表现分析

目的探讨在螺旋CT增强扫描动脉期轻度强化或不强化的各类肝脏病灶CT表现,分析并总结出各自病灶的CT特征性。方法回顾性分析158例CT增强扫描动脉期轻度强化或不强化肝脏病灶的CT表现;114例收集的病例均经过手术或穿刺病理检查证实,其余患者由于病史具有特征性(如外伤等)或病灶特征性(脂肪瘤、囊肿等)而证实。结果CT增强扫描动脉期轻度强化或不强化肝脏病灶常见的恶性病变有:肝内胆管细胞癌、肝转移瘤、乏血供肝细胞癌、肝淋巴瘤,良性病变有:错构瘤、脂肪瘤、肝结核、肝脓肿、炎性假瘤、囊肿或多囊肝、脂肪肝、血肿或挫伤;胆管细胞癌呈渐进性强化伴有其内及周围胆管扩张为特征性改变,肝转移瘤呈典型"牛眼征"及原发病变为其特征性,肝淋巴瘤各期均呈轻度均匀强化为其特征,错构瘤的特征为其内脂肪及血管影,脂肪瘤的特征为病灶为脂肪密度无强化,肝结核形态不规则呈斑片状同时有肺等其他部位结核的表现,肝脓肿呈多层环形、部分病灶伴有积气,囊肿/多囊肝呈无强化均匀液性密度影,脂肪肝各期强化程度基本与正常肝脏一致,肝脏血肿或挫伤有外伤史。结论结合其他各期CT表现可以对动脉期轻度强化或不强化肝脏病灶进行诊断及鉴别诊断。     

肠系膜罕见原发肿瘤的CT表现(4例报告及文献复习)

目的: 描述肠系膜罕见原发肿瘤的CT 特点。材料与方法: 搜集4 例,其中恶性血管外皮细胞瘤( MHP) 和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤( MFH) 各1 例,神经纤维瘤( NF)2 例,均经手术和病理证实。与手术对照分析这些肿瘤的CT 表现特点。结果: MHP 原发肿瘤不具特征性,肝转移病灶可表现为多发的形态规则、界线清楚的圆形病灶,部分病灶内可见液面,可有双环征。MFH 仅表现为一不规则形软组织肿块。2 例NF 均表现为无痛性的、体积较大的且有明显的偏侧囊变的混合密度性肿块。结论: MHP 肝转移和NF 可能具有一定的CT 表现特征,但仍需获得组织学证实     

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the chest wall: CT and MR appearance

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to describe the CT and MR appearance of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the chest wall. METHOD: Eleven men and eight women (45-76 years old) with primary MFH of the chest wall who underwent both CT and MRI were enrolled, and the imaging interpretation was retrospectively compared to the pathologic specimen. RESULTS: All tumors were inhomogeneous in appearance on CT scans. All tumors showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. On T1-weighted MR images, tumors displayed inhomogeneous isosignal intensity in 15 cases (79%) and low signal intensity in 5 (21%) compared with the surrounding muscle. Tumors exhibited inhomogeneous enhancement in all except three localized tumors on enhanced CT and MRI. Invasion of intercostal muscle was noted on MR images in 18 patients (95%) and on CT in 11 patients (58%). CONCLUSION: There might be various radiologic appearances of MFH. However, CT and MRI are able to demonstrate the exact localization and disease extent of MFH arising in the chest wall.     

FDG positron emission tomography in the surveillance of hepatic tumors treated with radiofrequency ablation

PURPOSE: Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is an emerging technique in the treatment of focal hepatic tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are currently used to monitor hepatic tumors after RFA for residual disease and recurrence. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is an excellent imaging method for the detection of liver metastases, but it has not been thoroughly evaluated as an alternative to anatomic imaging in the surveillance of liver tumors treated with RFA. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of FDG-PET imaging in the surveillance of liver tumors treated with RFA. METHODS: Thirteen patients with histories of malignant tumors of the liver treated with RFA and who had received post-treatment FDG-PET scans were assessed retrospectively. One patient had two post-RFA FDG-PET scans, eight patients had concurrent MRI scans, and six patients had concurrent CT scans. Imaging findings were compared with the results of clinical follow-up. RESULTS: There were either recurrent tumors at the ablation site (8 patients) or new metastases (3 patients) in 11 patients. FDG-PET identified all 11 cases and did not misidentify any cases. Of the seven patients with positive PET findings who received an MRI scan, three were also positive on MRI (42.9%); the other four cases were either negative or equivocal. Of the four patients with positive PET findings who received a CT scan, only two had positive CT scan findings (50%). All recurrences diagnosed by PET were confirmed on clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, FDG-PET was superior to anatomic imaging in the surveillance of patients treated with RFA for malignant hepatic tumors.     

Radiological spectrum of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in children.

OBJECTIVE: A hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is an uncommon benign tumor in children and little is known about the spectrum of its radiological features. The purpose of this study is to describe the spectrum of radiological features of a hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen children with a pathologically confirmed hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (M:F = 7:6; mean age, 3 years 2 months) were included in our study. Ultrasonography (US) was performed in nine patients including color and power Doppler US (n = 7). CT scans were performed in all patients. We evaluated the imaging findings of the hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas and the corresponding pathological features. RESULTS: Each patient had a single tumor (mean diameter: 13 cm [1.8-20 cm]). On CT and/or US, four patients (31%) had a "multiseptated cystic tumor", five patients (38%) had a "mixed solid and cystic tumor", and four patients (31%) had a "solid tumor." The septa of the cystic portion were thin in the multiseptated cystic tumors and irregularly thick in the mixed solid and cystic tumors as seen on US. On a post-contrast CT scan, solid portions or thick septa of the tumors showed heterogeneous enhancement. The amount of hepatocytes was significantly different among the three tumor groups according to the imaging spectrum (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: A hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in children can show a wide spectrum of radiological features, from a multiseptated cystic tumor to a mixed solid and cystic tumor, and even a solid tumor.     

原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：结合文献对原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现、实验室检查及临床特点进行讨论、分析,以提高其术前诊断的准确率。 方法：回顾性分析4例经病理证实的原发性肝脏淋巴瘤的CT表现、实验室检查及临床特点,总结其诊治要点。 结果：4例病例中,女性2例,男性2例,发病年龄61~73岁（中位年龄65岁）。其中2例患者无明显症状而在体检时发现,其余2例患者以上腹部不适为首发症状。病灶体积较大,最大径从4.9~17.1cm不等。CT平扫肝脏病灶均呈均匀低密度,边界尚清,CT增强病灶未见明显强化,其内见小片状低密度未强化区,动脉期肿块内可见强化的血管走行影,但无明显受侵征象。4例均为B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤（弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤3例,肝脏黏膜相关性淋巴瘤1例）,且均表现为单发肿块型。 结论：肝脏淋巴瘤临床特点大多不具有典型性,但CT表现为较大的软组织低密度肿块,无明显强化,其内可见"血管漂浮征"是较为特征性的表现,诊断肝脏原发性淋巴瘤之前,需排除其他部位淋巴瘤肝脏浸润。     

原发性骨骼恶性纤维组织细胞瘤影像表现与病理对照研究

目的 分析原发性骨骼恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)影像表现与病理的关系,以提高诊断准确性.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的原发性骨骼MFH 13例,术前分别经X线平片、CT平扫、MR SE T1 WI、T2 WI和增强T1 WI检查,复习影像表现并与手术病理作对照.结果 13例原发骨骼MFH中,11例位于骨端,2例位于骨干,位于骨端者与骨性关节面的距离为1～5 cm.肿瘤呈溶骨性骨质破坏,直径5.3～12.7 cm.其中,破坏区偏心10例,破坏区内见少许分隔7例,周边不连续硬化11例,伪足样突起7例,骨膜增生2例,软组织肿块9例,所有患者软组织肿块体积较小.CT扫描显示肿瘤密度与肌肉密度相仿.在MR T1 WI肿瘤为等低信号,在T2 WI为混杂信号,T2 WI常见片状等低信号,病灶周围常见不完整的低信号环,环外见伪足样突起.动态增强呈进行性延迟强化,强化显著,且较均匀.大体病理显示病灶偏心,膨胀不明显,肿瘤多突破皮质形成范围较小的软组织肿块,呈结节状或假性包裹样,肿瘤内见纺锤形成纤维细胞和胞体较小的组织细胞样细胞,伴有数量不等的胶原纤维,细胞密集呈席纹状或放射状排列.肿瘤微血管丰富.结论 原发骨骼MFH好发于中年患者长骨骨端,T2 WI常见等低信号成分,增强扫描强化显著;MRI表现与病理关系密切.     

Hepatocellular adenoma: multiphasic CT and histopathologic findings in 25 patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate multiphasic computed tomographic (CT) findings of hepatic adenomas and to correlate these findings with those of histopathologic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiphasic helical CT was performed in 25 patients with 44 hepatic adenomas. Nonenhanced scans were obtained in all cases, along with hepatic arterial-dominant phase (HAP) and portal venous-dominant phase (PVP) images at 25-28 and 60-70 seconds after intravenous contrast material injection at 3-5 mL/sec. Twelve patients with 24 adenomas also underwent delayed-phase (5-10-minute) CT. Two independent readers retrospectively reviewed each case for the number of detectable lesions in each CT phase, morphologic features of tumors, and degrees of enhancement. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had solitary adenomas; 12 patients had two or three adenomas. Both observers agreed on the numbers of lesions detected in all cases and in all phases of enhancement. The detection rate for all 44 adenomas per type of examination was as follows: nonenhanced, 86% (38 of 44); HAP, 100% (44 of 44); PVP, 82% (36 of 44), and delayed, 88% (21 of 24). Tumor margins were well defined in 38 adenomas (86%), and the surface was smooth in 42 adenomas (95%). The right hepatic lobe was the only site of adenoma or was a site along with the left lobe in 29 cases (66%). Tumor fat and calcifications were uncommon (three cases [7%] and two cases [5%], respectively). Other than areas of fat, hemorrhage, or necrosis, the adenomas enhanced nearly homogeneously, especially on PVP and delayed-phase scans. Five patients had coexistent hepatic masses, which were focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 3) or hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Hepatic adenomas often have characteristic features at multiphasic CT that may allow their distinction from other hepatic masses.     

Primary hepatic sarcomas: CT findings

Primary hepatic sarcomas are rare tumors that are difficult to diagnose clinically. Different primary hepatic sarcomas may have different clinical, morphologic, and radiological features. In this pictorial review, we summarized computed tomography (CT) findings of some relatively common types of hepatic sarcomas, including angiosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), liposarcoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES), leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), and carcinosarcoma (including cystadenocarcinosarcoma). To our knowledge, hepatic cystadenocarcinosarcoma has not been described in the English literature. The CT findings in our case are similar to that of cystadenocarcinoma, a huge, multilocular cystic mass with a large mural nodule and solid portion. The advent of CT has allowed earlier detection of primary hepatic sarcomas as well as more accurate diagnosis and characterization. In addition, we briefly discuss the MRI findings and diagnostic value of primary hepatic sarcomas.     

腹部原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT表现

目的：探讨腹部原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)的 CT 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例腹部原发性 MFH 的 CT 表现及临床病理资料。结果腹膜后6例,肝脏5例,肾脏2例,肠系膜1例,大网膜1例,胃1例,回肠1例。肿块呈椭圆形、分叶状、结节形,体积较大。除2例胃肠道 MFH 呈均匀稍低密度影外,余病灶为稍低密度影内夹杂更低密度坏死区。增强后,腹膜后、大网膜、肠系膜及肝脏 MFH 多表现为实性成分、内部分隔呈渐进性或持续性强化,坏死部分无强化;肾脏病例边界不清,呈轻度持续性强化,程度低于正常肾实质;胃及回肠病变呈均匀持续性强化,对应胃肠黏膜正常。结论腹膜后 MHF 影像表现具有间质性肿瘤的特点,绝大部分病灶呈现渐进性及持续性强化的特征,与相应部位的癌肿影像表现明显不同。