富水砾砂-泥质粉砂岩复合地层渣土改良试验研究

盾构穿越复合地层时,富水砾砂层含量高易发生“喷涌”、掌子面失稳,泥岩地层含量高则易发生结泥饼、刀具抱死及偏磨、出渣困难等问题。针对这些施工难题,以南昌地铁4号线七里站—民园路西站(七民)盾构区间穿越富水砾砂-泥质粉砂岩复合地层为研究对象,基于5种不同复合程度掌子面地层渣土改良试验,研究土压平衡盾构在动态变化的复合地层中所需的合理渣土改良剂配比。结果表明：对于复合地层,随着泥岩占比从10%增加至90%,泡沫注入率从20%逐渐增大至50%,膨润土泥浆注入率从20%逐渐减小至0。现场应用结果表明,采用该改良方案可保证土仓内渣土流塑性较好、渗透性较低。     

复合地层土压平衡盾构压力舱渣土改良研究

为降低土压平衡盾构在复合地层中掘进时进行渣土改良的工程成本,以广州地铁21号线朱村至象岭区间为工程依托,通过对粉质黏土和砾砂不同比例组合的渣土进行颗粒分析,计算得到复合地层的粒径分布曲线,并结合室内试验和现场测试研究混合渣土的流动状态和渗透性。结果表明:当复合地层中含有粉质黏土层时,粗粒土层渣土流动状态和渗透性有较大的改善,添加少量的气泡或者膨润土泥浆,渣土状态即可满足盾构掘进的要求。粉质黏土层的含量在30%～70%之间时,渣土能够达到良好的塑性流动状态。粉质黏土层的含量超过70%时,存在结泥饼的风险。     

Prediction of shear bands in sand based on granular flow model and two-phase equilibrium

In contrast to the traditional interpretation of shear bands in sand as a bifurcation problem in continuum mechanics,shear bands in sand are considered as high-strain phase(plastic phase) of sand and the materials outside the bands are still in low-strain phase(elastic phase),namely,the two phases of sand can coexist under certain condition.As a one-dimensional example,the results show that,for materials with strain-softening behavior,the two-phase solution is a stable branch of solutions,but the method to find two-phase solutions is very different from the one for bifurcation analysis.The theory of multi-phase equilibrium and the slow plastic flow model are applied to predict the formation and patterns of shear bands in sand specimens,discontinuity of deformation gradient and stress across interfaces between shear bands and other regions is considered,the continuity of displacements and traction across interfaces is imposed,and the Maxwell relation is satisfied.The governing equations are deduced.The critical stress for the formation of a shear band,both the stresses and strains inside the band and outside the band,and the inclination angle of the band can all be predicted.The predicted results are consistent with experimental measurements.