Plastic deformation behavior of ZK60 magnesium alloy with addition of neodymium

The hot deformation simulation of a ZK60 magnesiuln alloy at different temperatures from 373 to 673 K and different strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.002 s^-1 was studied by using the Gleebe-1500 simulator. The plastic deformation behavior was measured and the deformation activation energy was calculated. The microstructures of ZK60 magnesium alloy with an addition of neodymium during the deformation process were observed by using Polyvar-MET optical microscope and Tecnai G^2 20 TEM. The results show that the working hardening, the dynamic recovery and the dynamic recrystallization occur during the plastic deformation process at different temperatures and strain rates. The dynamic recrystallization starts when the temperature is over 473 K and the DRX grain size after hot deformation is only 5-10 μm. So the refined grains improve both the tensile strength and the elongation of alloys at room temperature. Neodymium is added into the alloy and a precipitate phase Mg12Nd that impedes the movement of dislocations is formed, which benefits to increasing mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

高温高应变率下AM60B镁合金力学性能及失效行为

为了研究镁合金在高温、高应变速率下的变形行为及失效机制,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆在应变速率为1 600~4 500 s^-1、温度为27~150 ℃范围内,对真空压铸AM60B镁合金进行了动态压缩实验,并采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对压缩后的组织进行了观察.结果表明:在所测试的应变范围内,随着应变率的提高,应力-应变曲线均呈现上升趋势,且最大应变也随之增加,表现出正应变率强化效应.在150 ℃时真空压铸AM60B镁合金变形能力最好; 50 ℃时断裂强度最高.真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高温及高应变率下的断裂方式为以解理断裂为主并伴有韧性断裂的混合断裂方式.当变形温度低于150 ℃时,真空压铸AM60B镁合金在高应变率压缩下的变形机制主要是滑移.     

Superplasticity of Mg-5.8Zn-1Y-Zr alloy sheet fabricated by combination of extrusion and hot-rolling processes

Superplastic behaviors of quasicrystal phase containing Mg-5.8Zn-1Y-0.48Zr alloy sheets fabricated by combination of extrusion and hot-rolling processes have been investigated at temperature ranging from 623 to 753 K and at the strain rates ranging from 10-4 to 10-2 s-1 by uniaxial tensile tests. An excellent superplasticity with the maximum elongation to failure of 1020% was obtained at 753 K and the strain rate of 1.04×10-3 s-1 and its strain rate sensitivity, m, is as high as up to 0.75. The microstructure was stable during superplastic deformation due to the uniformly distributed fine quasicrystal particles. In addition, micro-cavities and their coalescences were observed in the superplastic deformation of the ZW61 magnesium alloy. Grain boundary sliding (GBS) was considered to be the main deformation mechanism during the superplastic deformation. Dislocation creep controlled by atom diffusion through grain boundaries or interior grains is suggested mainly to accommodate the GBS in super-plastic deformation.     

Superplastic deformation of commercial 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N0.17 duplex stainless steel

The superplastic behavior of a commercial duplex stainless steel has been studied by means of isothermal hot tensile testat temperatures of 850-1050℃ for the initial strain rates ranging from 3×l0-4 s-1 to 5X10-2 s-1. At 960℃, the best superplastic de-formation that caused the maximum elongation greater than 840% was obtained for an initial strain rate of 1.2×10-3 s-1. At 850℃, thebest elongation 500% was achieved for an initial strain rate of 2.5×10-3 s-1. During the deformation in higher temperature region,coarse γ grains formed during the prior treatments were broken into spherical particles, resulting in a homogeneous dispersion of γparticles within the δ-ferrite matrix. However, at lower temperatures between 800 and 950℃, the σ phase was formed through theeutectoid decomposition of δ→γ+σ, resulting finally in the stable equiaxed micro-duplex structures with δ/γ and γ/σ, respectively.The precipitation of the σ phase played an important role in improving the superplasticity at 850℃. The strain-rate sensitivity coeffi-cient, m-values, were also determined by the strain rate change tests. The microstructure studies show that the superplastic processoccurs mainly by the local work hardening and the subsequent dynamic recrystallization and a grain boundary sliding and grain switching mechanism.     

Effect of twinning on flow stress during initial stage of hot compression of twin roll cast Mg-5.51Zn-0.49Zr alloy

A Thermecmastor-Z hot deformation simulator,optical microscopy,XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the flow stress behavior and microstructure of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy during initial stage of hot compression at elevated temperature of 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ and a given strain rate of 10-2s-1.The results suggest that flow stress drop during initial stage of hot compression at 300℃,generally led by dynamic recrystallization,is attributed to twinning,correspondingly to dynamic recrystallization as...     

时效态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金的组织与疲劳性能

为了研究时效处理对Al-7.2Zn-2.5Mg-1.5Cu-0.08Zr-0.12Sc合金的组织与疲劳性能的影响,利用透射电子显微镜对合金的显微组织进行了观察分析,并针对不同时效状态的合金进行了低周疲劳实验.结果表明,经过150℃×6 h时效处理后,合金晶内析出相较少,晶界无析出相;经过150℃×36 h时效处理后,合金晶内析出相较为细小,并呈弥散分布,同时晶界析出断续分布的平衡相,并存在晶界无析出带;经过150℃×48 h时效处理后,合金的析出相均已长大,且晶界无析出带发生宽化.经过150℃×36 h时效处理后的合金,表现出了较高的循环变形抗力与较长的低周疲劳寿命;不同时效状态合金的塑性应变幅、弹性应变幅与载荷反向周次之间,以及循环应力幅与塑性应变幅之间均呈线性关系.     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

间断变形工艺提高AZ31镁合金超塑性的研究

研究间断变形工艺对AZ31镁合金超塑性的影响。结果表明,当温度为400-440℃、应变速率小于5×10^-4s^-1时,间断变形工艺可以显著提高AZ31镁合金的超塑性。计算了空洞体积分数与空洞数量的关系。结果表明,空洞体积分数与空洞数量呈正比。对拉伸试样断口形貌的分析表明,间断变形减少了空洞数量,因而减小了空洞体积分数,提高了超塑性伸长率。     

1420铝锂合金超塑性行为

以1420铝锂合金作为实验材料,通过改变应变速率来探求最佳的超塑性变形条件,即延伸率大幅度提高和获得变形均匀的细小微观组织。研究发现当温度为480℃,应变速率为3×10-4s-1时可以获得最佳超塑性变形状态,此时延伸率δ=550％,流变应力σ=1.9MPa。同时通过金相分析以及TEM微观组织观察发现,在此条件下的组织等轴性好同时晶粒分布细小均匀,出现了细小的再结晶亚晶粒,有助于超塑性变形的进行。     

高应变速率下Mg-Gd-Y镁合金动态

为了研究Mg-Gd-Y镁合金在高应变速率下的动态拉伸性能及失效机制,采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆(SHTB)装置在室温下且应变速率为1 400~3 000 s^-1范围内对其进行了动态拉伸实验,并利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对动态拉伸后的镁合金试样进行了分析.结果表明,在动态拉伸载荷作用下,Mg-Gd-Y镁合金沿ED方向呈现连续屈服现象.应变速率增大后,Mg-Gd-Y镁合金具有正应变速率效应.在动态拉伸载荷作用下,Mg-Gd-Y镁合金的断口形貌呈解理断裂特征,镁合金的变形方式为孪生和滑移,且滑移为主要变形方式。     

TC6钛合金高温变形本构方程的建立

通过Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机获得了TC6钛合金在变形温度为800~980℃,应变速率为0.5~5s-1,变形程度为30%和60%时的应力-应变曲线。利用高温变形机理分析了热变形参数对流动应力的影响规律,建立了可用于锻造过程数值模拟的TC6合金高温变形的本构方程。     

AZ31B镁合金动态力学行为及变形机制

为了研究挤压态AZ31B镁合金在高应变速率下的力学行为及变形机制,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆和反射式拉杆装置在室温对挤压态AZ31B镁合金进行了动态压缩和拉伸试验,平均应变速率范围在500~2600s^-1之间,用光学显微镜观察了测试后试样的微观组织变化.结果发现,由于在挤压过程中形成了基面织构,沿挤压方向压缩时,拉伸孪晶｛1012｝<1120>首先启动,屈服强度对应变速率不敏感,且屈服强度较低,但在塑性变形的第二阶段,位错滑移参与变形,应变速率硬化效应显著;沿挤压方向拉伸时,压缩孪晶｛1011｝<1120>和非基面滑移是其主要的塑性变形机制,合金屈服强度较高,并表现出轻微的正应变速率效应;由于织构的形成,合金在压缩和拉伸时表现出很强的拉压不对称性,压缩屈服强度与拉伸屈服强度的比值约为0.32.     

Superplastic behavior of reciprocating extruded Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.6Ce-0.6Zr from rapidly solidified ribbons

RRE-Mg66 alloy with a composition of Mg-6.0%Zn-1.0%Y-0.6%Ce-0.6Zr was prepared by combinatorial processes of rapid solidification, reciprocating extrusion and extrusion. Microstructure was evaluated on SEM and TEM. The average grain size of the alloy is 0.7 ??m, the size of the second phase at grain boundary is 0.15 ??m, and the size of the intragranular precipitates in round shape is less than 20 nm. Superplastic behavior of the material was investigated in a temperature range of 150 to 250 °C and initial strain rate range of 3.3×10^?4 to 3.3×10^?2 s^?1 in air. The highest elongation of 270% was obtained at 250 °C and 3.3× 10^?3 s^?1. High-strain-rate superplasticity and low-temperature superplasticity were achieved. The superplasticity results from intragranular sliding (IGS) at temperatures from 170 to < 200 °C and grain boundaries sliding (GBS) at 250 °C. At 200 °C a combination of IGS and GBS contributes to the superplastic flow.     

挤压温度对固相再生ZM6镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用固相再生方法在挤压比为25：1的条件下,将ZM6镁合金屑分别在350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃温度下制备成试样,进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明：当挤压温度为400℃时,ZM6耐热镁合金没有发生再结晶,合金中金属化合物在挤压过程中被打碎,均匀分布在基体中;当挤压温度为450℃和500℃时,ZM6镁合金发生部分动态再结晶;随着挤压温度的提高,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率提高;在挤压温度为500℃,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为300．2MPa、142．9MPa和30％。合金室温拉伸断口主要表现为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

Superplastic deformation behavior and mechanism of 1420 Al-Li alloy sheets with elongated grains

True stress-true strain curve, microstructure and texture information were obtained to investigate the superplastic deformation behavior of 1420 Al-Li alloy sheets with initial elongated grains. From the true stress-true curve, the stress increases with the increase of strain to 0.15, then dramatically decreases with the increase of strain to 0.80, and finally keeps almost a horizontal line. Meanwhile, initial elongated grains are gradually changed into equiaxed grains and the initial strong Brass {0 1 1} 〈2 1 1〉 and S {1 2 3} 〈6 3 4〉 orientations are turned into nearly random orientation with increasing strain. All these results suggest that dislocation activity is the dominant mechanism during the first stage, then dynamic recrystallization occurs, and grain rotation is expected as an accommodation for grain boundary sliding (GBS). At larger strains, grain boundary migration (GBM) becomes necessary to accommodate GBS.     

Dynamic recrystallization during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy

Binary Al-4Mg alloy have been deformed by hot torsion at 300-500℃ and strain rates of 0.006-1.587 s of 5.5. The specimens were annealed in vacuum for 1.5 h at 500℃ and then water quenched. The study indicates that the dynamic recrystallization occurs during hot torsion of Al-4Mg alloy in a certain range of Z parameter (Zener-Hollmon Parameter), i.e. 19.3 ≤ InZ ≤ 24.8. Increasing the strain rate at higher deformation temperature or reducing the strain rate at lower deformation temperature accelerates the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in the alloy.     

Microstructure and flow stress of Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy

The microstructure and flow stress of the Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was investigated by compression test at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 ℃ and the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 20 s-1. The flow stress of the magnesium alloy increased with strain rate and decreased with deformation temperature. Flow stress can be expressed in terms of the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z, which describes the combined influence of the strain rate and temperature using an Arrhenius function.The values of the deformation activation energy were estimated to be 245.9 and 171.5 kJ/mol at deformation temperatures below 400 ℃ and above 400 ℃, respectively. Two constitutive equations were developed to quantify the effect of the deformation conditions on the flow stress of the magnesium alloy. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure of the magnesium alloy were also examined and quantified by measuring the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grain Xd. Xd increased with increasing of deformation temperature. When the deformation temperature was below 475 ℃, Xd decreased with strain rate until it reached 0.15 s-1, then it increased again. When the deformation temperature was above 475 ℃, Xd increased with strain rate.     

Inconel718合金多层夹芯筒结构LBW/SPF技术研究

研究了超细晶Inconel718合金激光对接板高温塑性及多层夹芯筒结构的LBW/SPF成形技术。结果表明:垂直焊缝拉伸时最大延伸率发生在温度为950℃、应变速率为3.1×10-4s-1条件下,为400.6%,平行焊缝拉伸时最大延伸率发生在温度为965℃,应变速率为6.2×10-4s-1条件下,为164.0%。对接板在950～980℃相对胀形高度均高于1.0。通过设计直径可变的卡具以及采取点焊加固等措施,解决了多层夹芯结构的激光焊接难题。激光穿透焊参数:功率1 200 W,焊速1 200 mm/min,离焦量-1 mm,保护气体流量0.6 L/min,超塑成形参数:温度Tf=965℃,压力Pf=4.2 MPa,时间tf=130 min。采用LBW/SPF技术制造的多层夹心筒结构具有外观形状好、壁厚分布均匀、内部结构对称度高等优点。     

超硬铝合金LC9的超塑性效应

本文采用了简单的预处理工艺,开发超硬铝合金LC9的超塑性;并以等温拉伸试验和等温压缩试验相互对照、相互补充的试验方法,考察LC9的超塑性唯象学特性。结果表明,该合金的最高延伸率可达220％,m值为0.4,流动应力最低可达10MPa;最佳超塑性变形条件为:温度420℃,应变速率1.67×10~(-3)s~(-1)。     

变形镁合金热压缩变形流变应力研究

由于镁是密排六方晶体结构,纯镁及镁合金在室温下只有很小的延展性,其成形工艺应在中高温下进行.针对AZ91D与ZK60镁合金,采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机对其在不同温度和变形速率下的流变应力进行了实验研究.结果表明,AZ91D与ZK60镁合金具有不同形式的热模拟曲线,不同的流变应力规律.