光学空间频率合成器及其在无分散三维形状计测中的应用

传统的白光干涉法、光学频谱扫描干涉法、低相干度断层扫描法以及其他三维形状计测法均采用宽带光学频谱光源实现绝对高度的测量，因此当测量对象存在不均匀的折射率分布或者光学吸收特性时，以上方法将不能给出准确的测量结果。针对传统绝对干涉法的这些制约，本研究通过干涉现象中时空参数的类比，提出了宽带空间频谱单色光源的概念，并通过改变光源的空间频谱构造验证了无分散三维绝对形状测定方法的可行性。     

光学空间频率合成器及其在无分散三维形状计测中的应用(英文)

传统的白光干涉法、光学频谱扫描干涉法、低相干度断层扫描法以及其他三维形状计测法均采用宽带光学频谱光源实现绝对高度的测量,因此当测量对象存在不均匀的折射率分布或者光学吸收特性时,以上方法将不能给出准确的测量结果。针对传统绝对干涉法的这些制约,本研究通过干涉现象中时空参数的类比,提出了宽带空间频谱单色光源的概念,并通过改变光源的空间频谱构造验证了无分散三维绝对形状测定方法的可行性。     

光学空间频率合成器及其在无分散三维形状计测中的应用

传统的白光干涉法、光学频谱扫描干涉法、低相干度断层扫描法以及其他三维形状计测法均采用宽带光学频谱光源实现绝对高度的测量,因此当测量对象存在不均匀的折射率分布或者光学吸收特性时,以上方法将不能给出准确的测量结果.针对传统绝对干涉法的这些制约,本研究通过干涉现象中时空参数的类比,提出了宽带空间频谱单色光源的概念,并通过改变光源的空间频谱构造验证了无分散三维绝对形状测定方法的可行性.     

光学干涉计量中的位相测量方法

对光学干涉计量中常用的位相测量方法进行了综述,包括时间相移法、空间相移法、空间载波相移法和Fourier变换法以及位相展开问题。     

剪切湍流大尺度相干结构的模式研究

发展了一种计算剪切湍流大尺度相干结构的新模式．该模式的基础是认为大尺度相干结构为湍流场中流体脉动能量增长最快的那部分，且包含大部分的湍流脉动能量．在此基础上。通过对湍流相干能量方程的推演。建立了描述大尺度相干结构的特征控制方程，并应用Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ多项式方法求得湍流相干能量的最大增长率在波数空间的分布，从而获得对应的大尺度相干结构．应用该模式研究了槽流和一自然对流中的大尺度相干结构，得到的近壁区流动结构与实验现象十分接近．     

三维相移电子散斑干涉法在柴油机机身中的应用

本文通过一新的三维电子散斑干涉方法，结合四步相移技术和图象处理技术，从三幅全场散斑位相条纹图分离出独立的u、υ、w场位移。测量系统的特点是用三个激光器作为光源，一个PZT相移器推动三个反射镜产生参考光并实现相移以及CCD摄像机前放置大错位剪切镜。将该测量系统应用到柴油机机身部件测量上，得到了机身主轴承孔周的三维位移场，并将此结果作为有限元计算的边界条件，得到了精确的柴油机机身计算结果，证明这一新技术可为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供一种十分有效的方法。     

偏振相移干涉栅投影技术及其应用

本文提出偏振相移干涉栅投影技术并成功地用于三维物面形状和大变形物体的位移测量，得到较为满意的实验结果。     

偏振相移干涉棚投影技术及其应用

本文提出偏振相移干涉栅投影技术并成功地用于三维物面形状和大变形物体的位移测量，得到较为满意的实验结果。     

基于积分方程方法的弹性波多重散射计算

运用积分方程方法计算了含多个随机分布椭圆柱型孔洞的随机非均匀介质中相干波的速度和衰减系数,分析了这种介质的频散特性。首先,建立了散射位移场满足的积分方程,推导了单个椭圆柱孔洞的散射截面计算公式。接着分析了在含多个随机分布椭圆柱型孔洞的随机非均匀介质中弹性波的多重散射,给出在统计平均意义下的相干波的波速和衰减系数计算公式。然后用Matlab进行了编程,给出了一个数值算例,并将计算结果与波函数展开法进行了比较,分析了随机空隙介质的频散特征及其孔洞椭圆偏心率和材料空隙率的影响。     

壁湍流相干结构和减阻控制机理

剪切湍流中相干结构的发现是上世纪湍流研究的重大进展之一,这些大尺度的相干运动在湍流的动力学过程中起重要作用,也为湍流的控制指出了新的方向.壁湍流高摩擦阻力的产生与近壁区流动结构密切相关,基于近壁区湍流动力学过程的减阻控制方案可以有效降低湍流的摩擦阻力,但是随着雷诺数的升高, 这些控制方案的有效性逐渐降低.近年来研究发现, 在高雷诺数情况下外区存在大尺度的相干运动,这种大尺度运动对近壁区湍流和壁面摩擦阻力的产生有重要影响,为高雷诺数湍流减阻控制策略的设计提出了新的挑战.该文将对壁湍流相干结构的研究历史加以简单的回顾,重点介绍近壁区相干结构及其控制机理、近年来高雷诺数外区大尺度运动的研究进展,在此基础上提出高雷诺数减阻控制研究的关键科学问题.      

Spatial Coherence of the Heat Release Fluctuations in Turbulent Jet and Swirl Flames

The noise generation of turbulent flames is governed by temporal changes of the total flame volume due to local heat release fluctuations. On the basis of the wave equation an expression for the relationship between the acoustic power and the heat release fluctuations is derived and a correlation function is obtained which reveals that the sound pressure level of flames is governed by the spatial coherence. Noise models rely on precise coherence information in terms of characteristic length scales, which are the measure of the acoustic efficiency of the flame. Since the published length scale information is scarce and inconsistent, length scales were measured for a number of laboratory flames using two measurement techniques developed for this purpose: A planar LIF-system with a repetition rate of 1 kHz acquires the instantaneous flame front position and heat release, whereas two chemiluminescence probes with an optics confining the measurement volume to a line of sight provide further spatial correlation data. For all flames investigated the length scales are smaller than the height of the burner exit annulus and they are of the order of the local flame brush thickness. Using the measured length scales, the coherent volume and the efficiency of the noise generation are calculated, which are three orders of magnitude higher than measured. However, the proper order of magnitude is obtained, if only the measured fluctuating part of the thermal power is used in the model and if the periodic formation of local zones with heat release overshoot and deficit are properly incorporated.     

Depth-resolved Imaging and Displacement Measurement Techniques Viewed as Linear Filtering Operations

The last 5 years have seen the emergence of a family of optical interferometric techniques that provide deformation measurements throughout three-dimensional (3-D) weakly scattering materials. They include wavelength scanning interferometry (WSI), tilt scanning interferometry (TSI), phase contrast spectral optical coherence tomography (PC SOCT) and hyperspectral interferometry (HSI) and can be thought of as a marriage between the phase sensing capabilities of Phase Shifting Interferometry and the depth-sensing capabilities of Optical Coherence Tomography. It was recently shown that some closely related 3-D optical imaging techniques can be treated as shift-invariant linear filtering operations. In this paper, we extend that work to include WSI, TSI, PC SOCT and HSI as spatial filtering operations and also relate the properties of their transfer functions in the spatial frequency domain to their spatial resolution and phase sensitivity, for depth-resolved displacement measurements.     

计及热应变的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究带中心刚体的作大范围运动的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学.结合混合坐标法和绝对坐标法的特点,取与中心刚体大范围运动有关的变量和柔性梁各单元节点相对中心刚体连体基的位移和斜率作为广义坐标,建立了一种新的柔性梁的刚柔耦合模型.基于精确的应变和位移的关系式,根据Jourdian速度变分原理,建立了带中心刚体柔性曲梁的有限元离散的动力学方程.数值对比了空间曲梁系统和空间直梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学性质,用能量守恒规律验证了文中曲梁模型的合理性.在此基础上,在应变能中计及热应变,研究温度增高引起的曲梁的热膨胀对系统的动力学性态的影响.     

非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥的响应特性

基于平衡随机地震动场理论,研究了地震动空间变化,包括行波效应,相干损失和局部场地条件,对大跨度斜拉桥地震响应特征的影响,采用拟激励方法计算结构的随机响应,计算的响应量包括塔顶位移,塔底弯矩,辅助墩底弯矩等,得到的主要结论是：与一致地震激励相比,地震动空间变化可以使斜拉桥的地震反应改变 达40％,仅考虑行波效应可以得到响应的偏于保守的估计值,局部土场地条件的对斜拉桥的地震反应有重要影响,当各塔,墩处的土质条件差异较大时需进行详细的抗震分析。     

空间干涉式MOEMS陀螺的实验研究

提出一种基于微镜构成的空间螺旋光路的干涉式MOEMS陀螺,并对其进行了原理验证实验研究。此种光路结构中光束在自由空间传播,可减少损耗;无耦合问题,无背向散射;无运动部件,并且可利用微光机电工艺进行加工。在理论分析的基础上,通过实验设计,利用锁相放大器等对处于一定转速转台上陀螺的输出信号进行检测,得到的转台转速与实际转速比较结果非常接近,实现了陀螺的Sagnac效应原理验证,零漂8.16(°)/h。     

On spatial synchronisation as a manifestation of irregular energy cascades in continuous media under the transition to criticality

We investigate the effects of spatial synchronisation occurring in stochastic dynamical systems before extreme events. Unlike the existing studies focused on the mutual coherence of two different time series, we consider multivariate data of the same nature with an arbitrary number of observables, which is typical for problems of continuous media. We show that both Fourier- and wavelet-based coherence analysis methods allow accurate prediction of extreme events independently of the specific nonlinear mechanism(s) driving a complex system to a catastrophe. We also discuss the physical foundations underlying the synchronisation of motion of the system’s constituents on the eve of extreme events by relating the different mechanisms of the transition to criticality through synchronisation with irregularities appearing in the spectral energy cascades.

     

Spatial Estimates for the Constrained Anisotropic Elastic Cylinder

This paper establishes spatial estimates in a prismatic (semi-infinite) cylinder occupied by an anisotropic homogeneous linear elastic material, whose elasticity tensor is strongly elliptic. The cylinder is maintained in equilibrium under zero body force, zero displacement on the lateral boundary and pointwise specified displacement over the base. The other plane end is subject to zero displacement (when the cylinder is finite, say). The limiting case of a semi-infinite cylinder is also considered and zero displacement on the remote end (at large distance) is not assumed in this case. A first approach is developed by considering two mean-square cross-sectional measures of the displacement vector whose spatial evolution with respect to the axial variable is studied by means of a technique based on a second-order differential inequality. Conditions on the elastic constants are derived that show the cross-sectional measures exhibit alternative behaviour and in particular for the semi-infinite cylinder that there is either at least exponential growth or at most exponential decay. A second approach considers cross-sectional integrals involving the displacement and its gradient and furnishes information upon the spatial evolution, without restricting the range of strongly elliptic elastic constants. Such models are principally based upon a first-order differential inequality as well as on one of second order. The general results are explicitly presented for transversely isotropic materials and graphically illustrated for a cortical bone.     

四光束载波全息光弹性法的研究及应用

本文同时利用一台激光器的相干性和两台无位相联系的激光器间的非相干特性,提出了一种新的全息光弹性法,并用于等和线的测量上.该方法具有载波频率连续可调,一次曝光给出某一载荷下的等和载波条纹图的优点;通过滤波解调,能方便地给出模型受力过程中任意两个载荷下的差载等和线,为不能重复性实验(如裂纹扩展)提供了新的实验研究方法。