低聚季铵盐与破乳剂复配提高聚驱采出液水质的研究

针对南阳油田聚驱采出液脱水困难、水质浑黄等问题,采用低聚季铵盐和破乳剂复配提高聚驱采出液的水质.通过对南阳油田聚驱采出液脱水率、脱出水含油量的测定,结合脱出水界面情况,采用破乳剂单剂初步筛选和两组分复配优化的方法,从18种破乳剂单剂及3种低聚季铵盐中筛选出协同破乳效果和脱出水质最佳的配方.实验结果表明:在温度55℃,破乳剂AE-932质量浓度为15 mg/L,低聚季铵盐MD-50质量浓度为25 mg/L时,60 min脱水率达98％,脱出水含油量小于50 mg/L,且脱水速度快,脱出水清,油水界面齐.表明低聚季铵盐MD-50对协同提高破乳剂的脱水效果具有显著作用.     

破乳剂对含聚乳状液破乳及油水界面膜作用研究

采用界面张力仪、界面流变仪和微弱电特性分析仪研究了两种破乳剂对含聚乳状液油水界面张力、界面黏弹性和油膜破裂过程以及对乳状液破乳脱水效果的影响.结果表明:破乳剂顶替油水界面上的聚合物和天然活性物质吸附到界面,使界面黏弹性降低,界面膜变薄,最终导致膜破裂,乳状液破乳;破乳剂对油水界面黏弹性的影响表现出以弹性为主的特征,对含聚的水包油型乳状液的破乳,水溶性破乳剂更适合.     

四元共聚破乳剂合成及其破乳脱水效果评价

二元复合驱采出液中含有的聚合物以及表面活性剂使得油水分离变得困难,传统的聚醚型破乳剂虽然能够破乳,但是破乳效果不理想．本文中以丙烯酸系化合物为单体,通过乳液聚合的方法合成了一类四元共聚破乳剂．采用测定采出液脱水率的方法对其破乳性能进行测试,结果表明引入了聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯的破乳剂效果最好：在1h内脱水率即可达到93．3％．     

高浓度聚驱采出液乳化行为及电化学脱水方法

针对高浓度聚驱采出液油水分离效率及其给常规交-直流电场带来的冲击,开展了该类采出液的乳化行为及脱水方法研究,研究中综合了集输工况条件下的采出液转相特征、电负性、乳化油珠粒径分布、界面性质、乳化体系的微观形态及瓶试法油水分离实验,并基于所建立模拟装置评价了脉冲供电脱水对高浓度聚驱采出液破乳脱水的适应性。结果表明,高浓度聚驱采出液复杂的乳化行为与含聚浓度直接相关,含聚浓度上升使其电负性增强,转相点呈不同程度降低,且由于促进了黏弹性界面膜的形成,乳化粒子聚并和相分离的难度增大;辅以化学破乳的脉冲供电电场脱水工艺能有效改善分离效果,提高脱水操作的稳定性。     

浅析某联合站原油管道破乳的现场应用

端点加药使药剂在管道破乳过程中,有充足的时间到达乳状液的油水界面,降低界面张力,使束缚水提前破膜而出。破膜后的小水珠在管道中运动,增加了碰撞聚结的机会,容易形成大水滴,逐渐在管道下层聚集。到达三相分离器或沉降罐后,大水滴更容易与油分离,使沉降加速,从而提高破乳剂的使用效率和脱水效果。针对xx油田xx联合站管道破乳运行及管理存在的问题进行了阐述,并提出了相应的适应性分析及试验效果评价,通过对系统进行优化,实施端点投加破乳剂,显著降低破乳剂加药量,有效提高了破乳剂利用效率。     

酸化返排液/原油乳状液的破乳脱水研究

 酸化返排液与原油混合可形成稳定性强的乳状液,影响原油的脱水及原油沉降罐的安全运行.通过室内实验考察温度、破乳剂加量、pH 值及降黏剂加量对乳状液黏度和破乳效果的影响,并采用显微镜观察不同阶段乳状液微观形态变化.实验表明:酸化返排液与原油混合成的乳状液其黏度随温度升高先急剧下降,后平缓下降,在温度低于40℃时乳状液稳定性较强,温度50~60℃时,随着温度升高,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳温度为50℃;添加破乳剂有利于降低乳状液黏度,但效果不明显,破乳剂加量越大,乳状液破乳效果越好,当破乳剂加量达到150 mg/L 后,随破乳剂用量加大,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳剂加量为150 mg/L;调节酸化返排液pH 值至6.0～7.0 有利于乳状液破乳,pH 值越高,油水界面变得棱角分明,脱出水的原油结构更加紧密;加入降黏剂后,乳状液脱水速度明显加快.研究结论对指导油田酸化改造后,井口初期返出的乳状液实施破乳具有借鉴作用.     

聚合物型破乳剂的研制及其作用机理

本文根据大港原油的特性和破乳机理,设计合成了具有较高芳香度和适宜极性的聚合物型破乳剂,并详细阐述了该破乳剂的作用机理.该剂具有较强的表面活性及较强的增溶、絮凝、击破界面膜的能力,室内研究表明,该聚合物型破乳剂具有适宜极性(PHA=13～18)时,对大港三元复合驱模拟采出液具有较好的破乳脱水效果,优于目前油田常用的聚醚型破乳剂TA1031/F3111.     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂 ,并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验 ,考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明 ,与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比 ,原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰 ,脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明 ,破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂，并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验，考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明，与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比，原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰，脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明，破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。     

模拟油乳状液的制备及稳定性的研究

研究了煤油与原油配制模拟油乳状液的稳定性,应用显微镜测定了模拟油乳状液粒子的粒径.实验确定了配制模拟油乳状液的最佳原油与煤油比、乳化速度、乳化时间和油水比.对破乳剂OX-9354和OX-9351在模拟油与原油乳状液中的脱水情况进行了对比,表明脱水率变化趋势相同,模拟油可以用来评价破乳剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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