基于多元对应分析的国家地质公园综合价值及分类

目前地质公园的分类难以针对具有多重价值属性的各类地质公园提出行之有效的分类管理模式。提出基于综合价值的国家地质公园分类模式,建立了国家地质公园综合价值评价指标,通过问卷调查与小组讨论获取了35个国家地质公园的量化综合价值评价指标数据,应用多元对应分析对量化数据进行统计处理,最后将35个国家地质公园分为禀赋型地质公园、生态型地质公园、成熟型地质公园、均衡型地质公园和发展型地质公园五大类,为国家地质公园分类管理提供依据。     

兴文石海世界地质公园地质环境敏感度评价

兴文石海是四川省最先入选的世界地质公园,独特的焚、苗文化与“兴文式”喀斯特的完美结合使其成为我国20处世界地质公园中的奇葩。为评价地质公园地质遗迹对外界干扰的抵抗力,将敏感度概念引入地质环境的评价中。在分析石海区域地质环境基础上,选取气候、区域地质条件、地质灾害、土壤背景质量、地质环境破坏速率等7个评价要素和相应的20个评价因子,建立评价指标体系和数学模型;采用权重加权平均法,对公园内地质环境敏感度进行定量评价,提出兴文石海世界地质公园可持续发展的措施。     

山东省地质公园的主要地质遗迹特征

山东地质遗迹是近30亿年来地质作用过程中形成的地质现象,是重要自然遗产。地质遗迹为探索地球演化进程和方向提供了重要的证据。山东地质公园主要地质遗迹包括地质剖面、地质构造、古生物、矿物与矿床、地貌景观、水体景观、环境地质遗迹景观等七大类。本文叙述了各类地质遗迹的形成时代及分布特征,对各地质公园的主要特征及地层、侵入岩中的主要地质遗迹进行了总结,对地质公园形成演化历史作了介绍,为地质旅游提供了基础资料。     

洛川黄土国家地质公园与当地经济互动发展初探

地质遗迹作为一种具有珍贵地质科学价值和独特造景功能的自然遗产，随着社会经济的发展，其保护与利用之间的矛盾已日益突出。同样，以地质遗迹资源为核心的地质公园也面临着如何协调地质遗迹保护与公园建设之间的矛盾。从以往经验来看，在保护好地质遗迹资源的前提下进行地质公园建设的保护性利用模式是一种有效的解决措施。为此，本文选择黄土国家地质公园作为研究对象，从地质公园建设与当地经济互动发展角度出发，探讨如何进行地质遗迹的保护性利用，从而达到有效保护地质遗迹资源的最终目的。     

世界地质公园的发展近况和东南亚地质遗迹 的保护现状

20世纪90年代以来,不少地球科学家致力于世界地质遗产的保护工作,在联合国教科文组织地学部的领导下,历时4年开展了2轮地质公园的可行性研究,并于1997年正式获得教科文组织大会批准,推动了地质公园的建立。在1996年北京第30届国际地质大会上,欧洲地质学家酝酿了欧洲地质公园网络的组建,取得了欧盟的支持。2000年,欧洲地质公园网和中国国家地质公园正式建立,2004年首批25家世界地质公园在巴黎联合国教科文组织总部正式通过评审并批准．经4批评审现已有52家世界地质公园正式建立。10余年的发展为地质公园的建设积累了丰富的经验。以中国和马来西亚为代表的东亚、东南亚国家,不仅具有丰富的地质遗产,而且在推动地质公园建设方面也发挥着榜样的作用,但各国的发展还很不平衡。     

地质遗迹资源开发潜力评价——以中国房山世界地质公园为例

地质遗迹资源开发评价,在地质公园建设中发挥着重要作用。本文结合地质遗迹资源特性和地质公园建设要求,提出了地质公园地质遗迹资源开发潜力评价指标体系;采用层次分析和德尔菲法,进行多轮专家咨询,确定评价指标的权重;利用层次分析法和灰色系统理论,建立地质遗迹资源开发潜力评价模型;并运用该评价模型,对中国房山世界地质公园8个园区的地质遗迹资源进行评价,确定模型和各评价值指标选择的合理性。研究结果表明,该模型可为地质公园建设和地质旅游开发提供参考。     

Geosite of a steep lava spatter cone of the 1256 AD, Al Madinah eruption, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

UNESCO promotes geoconservation through various programs intended to establish an inventory of geologically and geomorphologically significant features worldwide that can serve as an important database to understand the Earth’s global geoheritage. An ultimate goal of such projects globally is to establish geoparks that represent an integrated network of knowledge transfer opportunities, based on a specific array of geological and geomorphological sites able to graphically demonstrate how the Earth works to the general public. In these complex geoconservation and geoeducational programs, the identification of significant geological and geomorphological features is very important. These are commonly referred to as ‘geosites’ or ‘geomorphosites’, depending on whether the feature or processes the site demonstrates is more geological or geomorphological, respectively. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an extraordinary place due to its arid climate and therefore perfect exposures of rock formations. The Kingdom is also home to extensive volcanic fields, named “harrats” in Arabic, referring particularly to the black, basaltic lava fields that dominate the desert landscape. Current efforts to increase awareness of the importance of these volcanic fields in the geological landscape of Arabia culminated in the first proposal to incorporate the superbly exposed volcanic features into an integrated geoconservation and geoeducation program that will hopefully lead to the development of a geopark named, “The Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark” [1]. Here we describe one of the extraordinary features of the proposed Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark, namely a steep lava spatter cone formed during a historical eruption in 1256 AD.     

国内地质公园研究演化趋势与热点分析——基于知识图谱视角

笔者等以近20年CNKI数据库收录的核心期刊中关于"地质公园"和"地质遗迹"主题的论文为研究对象,应用文献计量学方法开展地质公园领域论文数量、期刊、主要作者、关键词、主要机构的综述研究。采用CiteSpace软件进行关键词共现、聚类分析、关键词时区视图等可视化操作,根据聚类结果将地质公园领域的研究热点归纳为:"地质公园规划"、"地质遗迹保护"、"遗迹资源研究"、"地质公园旅游"、"可持续发展"5个方面,通过关键词梳理将地质公园研究阶段划分为:"规划建设期"、"深入完善期"和"市场开发期"。最后,通过对各热点及相关作者研究的总结,提出"体验优化研究"、"相关理论建设"和"多元化景观系统"3个潜在热点方向。     

国家地质公园与联合国教科文组织世界地质公园的异同点分析

地质公园作为21世纪兴起的新生事物,它把地质遗迹资源作为一种特殊类型的自然资源加以保护和利用,是人类合理利用地球资源的一项创举,在地质遗迹保护、科学知识传播和区域可持续发展中发挥了重要的作用。在中国,地质公园有三个类型：省级地质公园、国家地质公园和教科文组织世界地质公园。它们之间既有密切的关联,又各具特征,在理念、管理、标准、和发展目标等方面,存在一定的相似性,但又有明显的差异。对这些异同点认识上的不足导致在过去20年的地质公园发展过程中,产生了许多问题。本文从分析中国国家地质公园和教科文组织世界地质公园的异同点出发,指出其产生的历史和观念上原因,并给出可能的解决方案。     

山东省旅游地质资源遥感调查成果及潜力展望

为全面查清山东省旅游地质资源分布状况,山东省国土资源厅于2012—2017年开展了“山东省旅游地质资源遥感调查与评价”项目。基于三维可视化遥感影像,采用目视解译方法,结合已有地质资料和野外调查数据,获取了全省旅游地质资源分布信息,建立了数据库和三维地理信息系统; 通过综合评价,圈定出一批具有开发潜力的旅游地质资源。对具有开发潜力的主要旅游地质资源进行了概述和展望,选出五莲县五莲山—九仙山、邹城市峄山和临朐县沂山为具有升级潜力的3个省级地质公园,评价青岛市崂山景区、黄岛区大珠山—灵山岛景区具有成为国家级地质公园的潜力,建议济南市七星台、莱芜市九龙山、邹平市印台山等景区地质遗迹申报省级地质公园。项目成果进一步拓宽了遥感技术的应用范围,也为各级政府全面掌握山东省旅游地质资源分布状况,提升地质公园级别,寻找开发新的地质公园和制定保护与发展规划提供决策依据。     

国家地质公园与联合国教科文组织世界地质公园的异同点分析

地质公园作为21世纪兴起的新生事物,它把地质遗迹资源作为一种特殊类型的自然资源加以保护和利用,是人类合理利用地球资源的一项创举,在地质遗迹保护、科学知识传播和区域可持续发展中发挥了重要的作用.在中国,地质公园有三个类型:省级地质公园、国家地质公园和教科文组织世界地质公园.它们之间既有密切的关联,又各具特征,在理念、管理...     

An evaluation of residents’ perceptions of the creation of a geopark: a case study on the geopark in Mt. Huaying Grand Canyon, Sichuan Province, China

In recent years, geoparks (a geoheritage effort to protect geological features) have been vigorously promoted in China and abroad. The evaluation of a geopark is important for geopark development. However, current evaluation methods focus on geoheritage and their values, and often ignore residents’ situations, even though community participation is essential to the sustainable development of geoparks. In this paper, the Mt. Huaying Grand Canyon Geological Park was selected as a study area to evaluate resident’s perceptions of the park. Perception impact factors were selected from the perspective of the park residents. Quantitative evaluation models, based on data from questionnaires, were created using the hierarchy process model and expert evaluation method. The results showed that the following factors influenced residents’ perceptions, listed from the most significant to the least: residents’ understanding of geoheritage, participation level in commercial activities, participation level in planning decisions, satisfaction level regarding benefit distribution and level of participation willingness. It was found that residents’ level of understanding of geoheritage and their participation level in planning decisions were the main reasons for poorer perceptions of geoheritage. The keys to improving residents’ perceptions of geoheritage are to change the management system, implement people-centered policies and to establish a government-led management mode that encourages community participation and involves private business contracts.     

Mapping geoheritage for geotourism management,a case study of Aït Bou Oulli Valley in Central High-Atlas (Morocco)

Mapping can act as a preliminary tool for the protection of natural areas and for land-use management, as it uses an easily transmissible international language which cannot be misunderstood. Geoheritage mapping can provide great opportunities for the transfer of geosciences information to the large public and policy makers. Recently, the geotourism map appears as a basic tool for the protection and promotion of this geoheritage and as a means to activate and mediate the geotourism image of the region. Aït Bou Oulli Valley is located in Moroccan Central High-Atlas, precisely within the M’Goun geopark. It is characterized by a rich geodiversity with respect to other areas of Central High-Atlas Mountains. It harbors a wide-range of geological and geomorphological heritage, and an exceptional landscape of high Mountains. The valley attracts a number of tourists whose number is skyrocketing on a yearly basis, but their number remains limited due to the absence of promotion and mediation tools of its geoheritage and to the absence of the cartographic documentation. This study aims, hence to elaborate a new geotourism map of Aït Bou Oulli Valley using digital mapping tools and fieldwork. The map shows geosites and high mountain landscapes and offers an overview of the valley’s geoheritage. This map is supported by tourism-related infrastructure, which will provide useful information for tourists. It also highlights the valley geodiversity with a view to promoting its geotourism through the establishment of three new geo-hiking trails.     

洛川黄土国家地质公园SWOT分析与深度开发

针对洛川黄土国家地质公园旅游市场疲软, 与黄土地质遗迹极高的科学、科普价值不匹配等问题, 运用SWOT态势分析法, 对洛川黄土国家地质公园进行系统诊断, 提出了加快现代化地质博物馆建设、加强专业人才培养、提高科普效应、整合资源、联合申报世界地质公园、产权分离、广泛融资等发展战略, 以期为洛川黄土国家地质公园深度开发和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。     

国家地质公园规划编制原则

编制国家地质公园规划,是建设好地质公园的重要工作。本文讨论了国家地质公园的规划编制原则和重点内容,为有关地质公园规划提供参考。     

世界地质遗迹保护和地质公园建设的现状和展望

在2004年6月在中国北京召开了第一届世界地质公园大会和2004年8月在意大利佛罗伦萨举行第32届国际地质大会,来自五大洲数十个国家的地质学家和地质公园管理者发言,展示了各国地质遗产保护现状,地质公园建设中地质遗产的科学研究,公众教育;保护方法技术;与文化遗产的关系;与城市和区域发展规划的关系;与旅游产业发展的关系,地质公园与国家公园的关系;欧、美及非洲、大洋洲和亚洲各国地质公园发展前景等。他山之石,可以攻玉。对照各国的近况,我国在地质遗产的研究和保护方面要保持世界领先地位,在相关法规建设,地学背景研究,人才培养等方面还有大量工作要做。     

Geologic time scales in modern books: a failure of standardization?

This is a response to the Correspondence by Knight (Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 2011) entitled ‘Evaluating geological heritage’. In this response I suggest that geodiversity can be evaluated (1) conceptually as a natural treasure within landscape, cultural, and historical contexts and (2) numerically as a number of geosite types (not as a number of geosites). These points of view are not conflicting, but mutually profitable. Moreover, broad context and perception of geodiversity can be involved in its quantification. Geodiversity is viewed as a dynamic idea, which modifications will be reflected in every study of the regional geological heritage.     

Geoheritage values in the Cat Ba islands, Vietnam

Geological wonders have been generally known as natural wonderful products. Resulted from geological processes, geological wonders are diverse in size that have geoheritage values that should be protected from damaging of substance, form and natural development. In a large scale, geological wonders can be geoheritage areas, containing several geodiversity elements that are geologically important or in a smaller scale, they can be geosites of heritage values (or geoheritage sites). In the delimitation of areas, having geoheritage values and the establishment of geoparks, the first thing is to recognise them as geosites and geoheritage areas that indicate great geological values. Besides the Ha Long bay, the world natural heritage with its outstanding aesthetic and geological values, the Cat Ba islands are typical and grandeur karst landscapes formed in tropical condition. Based on the geodiversity elements with their own geoheritage values on aesthetics, uniqueness and grandeur in the Cat Ba islands, the authors have recognised three geoheritage areas: the south cape of the Cat Ba embayment, Tung Gau (shelter), and the Lan Ha bay. Sites where Brachiopods, Crinoids and Tetracorals are exposed on the way through the island are considered as palaeontological geosites. The folds of limestone layers in the northern part of Cat Co 3 beach, with typical turbidite structures in carbonate formations are considered as a lithological geosite. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary near the Cat Co 3 beach is regarded as a stratigraphical geosite while Que Kem and Turtle islands, etc. are considered as geomorphological geosites.     

Evaluating geological heritage: correspondence on Ruban, D.A. ‘Quantification of geodiversity and its loss’ (PGA, 2010, 121(3): 326-333)

This article comments on the recent paper in this journal by Ruban (2010) which presented a simple quantitative scheme for the calculation of landscape geodiversity and its application to evaluating geodiversity between different locations. This comment article highlights some conceptual and methodological issues in the set-up and application of Ruban's scheme, and suggests that geodiversity as a measure can only be meaningful if it is set within a wider context of landscape and geological conservation and management. Some examples of conservation strategies in Great Britain are described in order to illustrate this wider context.     

中国西部地质公园的开发与建设

在分析地质公园内涵的基础上，提出地质公园的开发与建设必须同旅游开发，同大众旅游与专项旅游相结合，实行产研学一体化模式和品牌开发战略，并指出当前工作的重点是建设地质公园示范区。文章还指出地质公园示范区的选择原则和在建设中应注意的问题。