热泵精馏隔壁塔分离宽沸程物系的模拟

将中间换热和热泵精馏两种精馏节能技术应用到隔壁塔中,提出了带中间换热器的热泵精馏隔壁塔流程,以解决隔壁塔在分离宽沸程物系时出现的塔顶与塔底温差过高而不宜应用热泵精馏的问题。利用精馏塔总复合曲线图,可确定中间产品塔板采出流股的相态,从而得到不同类型的热泵精馏隔壁塔流程。宽沸程物系分离实例的模拟计算结果表明,该类流程在主塔气液相流量较大的情况下具有较高的节能效率。     

塔釜液闪蒸再沸式热泵精馏节能特性研究

针对丙烯-丙烷、苯-甲苯物系,对塔釜液闪蒸再沸式热泵精馏的系统特性进行分析,采用稳态模拟技术对两种物系常规精馏流程和热泵流程进行研究,确定最优理论板数和最佳进料板位置,在最优条件下研究不同进料物系对热泵精馏节能效果的影响。将热泵精馏流程的计算结果与常规精馏塔进行比较,结果表明,与常规精馏相比,热泵精馏节能优势明显,沸点相近的丙烯-丙烷物系更适用于塔釜液闪蒸再沸式热泵精馏,节能率在80%以上,经济效益非常可观。     

共沸-反应精馏隔壁塔制备乙酸乙酯的实验与模拟研究

针对反应精馏中部分物系存在反应物与生成物相对挥发度较小、难以分离的问题,提出共沸-反应精馏隔壁塔结构。以酯化法制备乙酸乙酯为研究对象,对共沸-反应精馏隔壁塔的操作性能进行了分析。在搭建的1套反应精馏隔壁塔实验装置内进行了相应的实验研究,并用Aspen Plus进行了模拟,模拟结果与实验结果一致性良好;对共沸剂用量、液相分配比、塔顶回流比以及原料乙酸质量分数等因素的影响进行了模拟研究;对共沸-反应精馏隔壁塔进行了节能分析。与传统反应精馏相比,共沸-反应精馏隔壁塔可实现重组分乙酸和中间组分水的清晰分离,有效避免中间组分的返混,提高热力学效率。     

用分隔壁精馏塔分离三组分混合物的节能研究

为了比较分隔壁精馏塔与常规精馏流程能耗,确定其应用范围,采用Aspen plus软件中的精馏严格模型,对2种常规精馏流程和3种分隔壁精馏塔进行模拟计算,比较了各种分隔壁精馏塔序的节能效果。结果表明,中间组分的摩尔分数越高,分隔壁精馏塔的节能效果越好,分隔壁精馏塔可用于分离中间组分摩尔分数较高的混合物,且适于分离指数在0.61至2.1之间的物系。分隔壁侧线精馏塔适用于分离指数≥1、轻组分摩尔分数较高的混合物。分隔壁侧线提馏塔适于重组分摩尔分数较高的混合物。     

共沸精馏隔壁塔与萃取精馏隔壁塔的控制研究

针对多元共沸物或近沸点混合物的分离,采用共沸精馏隔壁塔和萃取精馏隔壁塔两种流程,分别建立稳态模型,并进行了温度灵敏板的选择。针对共沸精馏隔壁塔建立若干两点温度控制结构,针对萃取精馏隔壁塔建立若干三点(及四点)温度控制结构。通过添加进料流量和组成扰动进行测试分析,分别为两种流程挑选了能有效抵抗进料扰动的温度控制结构。1共沸精馏隔壁塔最优控制结构:Q_(MC)/F控制TMC,13;Q_(RC)/F控制TRC,5。2萃取精馏隔壁塔最优控制结构:RRM控制TMC1,3;Q_r/F控制TMC1,12;RR_R控制TRC1,3;αv控制TMC1,9。最后通过分析两种最优控制结构的相似性,总结得出:带有再沸器与进料量比值(Q_r/F)控制的温度控制结构,可有效降低共沸精馏隔壁塔及萃取精馏隔壁塔体系的余差及超调量。     

热泵变压精馏分离乙二胺水溶液的模拟

基于乙二胺和水物系共沸组成随压力变化显著的特点,采用变压精馏工艺分离乙二胺和水物系;为了降低变压精馏工艺的能耗,提出了热泵变压精馏新工艺。使用Chem CAD软件,对变压精馏工艺和热泵变压精馏工艺进行了模拟。结果表明:采用变压精馏工艺和热泵变压精馏工艺都能实现乙二胺和水共沸物的高纯度分离,每个产品的纯度(质量分数)都可以达到99%;与变压精馏工艺相比,采用热泵变压精馏工艺,加热公用工程可节能62.24%;冷却公用工程可以节能49.51%。     

二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯精馏过程节能工艺研究

为了开发二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)分离的节能流程,采用热平衡法和有效能分析法,对MDI精馏过程进行节能研究,从单个换热过程到整个系统分3个步骤进行改进。首先改变脱光气塔和减压脱溶剂塔的用能品位,节省高品位热源;然后通过回收各个子系统的冷凝热和冷却热,实现单元内部的能量再利用;最后通过常压脱溶剂塔与脱光气塔的热量集成,使得能耗进一步降低。通过以上3个过程的节能改进,得到的工艺流程同原工艺相比节能30%以上。给出的节能方法适用于MDI分离过程,也可应用于类似的宽沸程物系的分离过程。     

隔壁塔流程模拟及节能效益的研究

隔壁塔技术是一种效果优良的过程强化与精馏节能技术。具有特殊结构的隔壁塔相比常规精馏塔具有较高的热力学效率。对于相同的分离任务,隔壁塔所需的能耗较低,同时隔壁塔技术的应用也降低了设备数量和投资。文中通过对隔壁塔内部结构的讨论和热力学有效能转化的分析,阐释了隔壁塔的节能原理;并以粗苯精制流程中甲苯-二甲苯-重苯的分离为例,在三组元精馏流程的分析之上设计了2套精馏流程方案,对其进行了严格计算和优化,相比于传统的顺序分离双塔流程,隔壁塔可节省能耗41.5%,同时减少了设备的数目和投资。     

隔壁塔技术进展

在简要介绍隔壁塔结构特点、节能原理、形式以及适用范围的基础上,着重阐述了隔壁塔的工业应用状况,并分析了国内外反应精馏隔壁塔、萃取精馏隔壁塔及共沸精馏隔壁塔研究的若干最新进展.     

隔壁共沸精馏塔分离异丙醇水溶液的模拟

提出一种单塔共沸精馏生产无水异丙醇的新工艺流程,即采用隔壁塔替代常规共沸精馏流程中的脱水塔及提浓塔。应用Aspen Plus模拟软件,对隔壁共沸精馏塔流程及常规共沸精馏流程进行了模拟,比较了两种流程的液相组成、温度、汽液相流量及能耗,结果显示新工艺流程可以节省能耗14.6%,并能降低设备投资费用和操作费用。其模拟结果还需试验进一步验证。     

分壁式精馏塔精制丁二烯流程模拟

丁二烯是一种重要的石油化工烯烃原料,由于其生产过程能耗高,因此节能降耗成为丁二烯生产工艺的研究热点。利用Aspen Plus模拟软件对丁二烯精制工艺的两套流程进行了模拟研究,考察了分壁式精馏塔(DWC)中内部互连物流连接位置、预分离塔气液相流量和回流比对分离效果和热负荷的影响,对比了相同分离条件下DWC分离流程和传统顺序分离流程的能耗,并根据两套分离流程中塔内液相丁二烯浓度分布情况,分析DWC的节能原因。结果表明,当主塔理论板数105,预分离塔理论板数56,进入预分离塔气相流量1020kmol/h,液相流量890kmol/h,回流比7800时,DWC分离效果最好,丁二烯质量分数可达99.7%,这为DWC精制丁二烯工艺的工业化提供了理论依据。由于DWC有效减少了精馏过程中的返混效应,提高了能量利用率,使其冷凝器可节能29.36%,再沸器可节能29.19%,存在明显的节能优势。     

Improving energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of batch distillation for separating wide boiling constituents. II: Internal versus external heat integration

In the first paper of this series, we developed a vapor recompressed batch distillation (VRBD) scheme by means of external heat integration. This contribution aims at devising an internally heat integrated batch distillation with a concentric reboiler (IHIBDCR) configuration, in which the rectifying tower is surrounded by a jacket. The operating cost can be reduced with the improvement of energy savings substantially through seeking further external heat integration under the framework of vapor recompression mechanism in the IHIBDCR structure between the overhead vapor and the reboiling liquid. The features of both the IHIBDCR system and its hybrid form that combines the vapor recompression column (VRC) and the IHIBDCR scheme are illustrated by a binary mixture having wide boiling constituents, with special emphasis focused on the comparative performance study between the externally integrated VRBD presented in Part 1 of the current work, the internally integrated IHIBDCR arrangement and the hybrid structure.     

Design of a Dividing‐Wall Column Considering its Multiple Steady State Characteristic

A dividing‐wall column (DWC) may have more than one solution of liquid and vapor split ratio for the same feed and product streams under a fixed number of stages and reflux ratio, so the multiple steady states (MSS) of a DWC in the design stage should be considered. An improved design method of a DWC is proposed by studying its MSS characteristics. Additional steps are inserted after optimization to check if MSS exist for the obtained optimal solution of vapor and liquid split ratio, and further to select the best candidate. Finally, two cases of three‐product DWCs are described to verify this method. The results indicate that multiple solutions exist for these cases, which confirm the necessity of this method and provide an important guidance for the flowing design of a DWC.     

A novel kind of multiple steady states characteristics in the dividing wall column

In this article, one kind of multiple steady states(MSS) phenomenon was investigated for a dividing wall column(DWC). The four-section model constructed in Aspen Plus was employed to simulate two DWC cases: mixture of n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane; system of methanol, ethanol and n-propanol. It can be seen that there is a range of vapor split ratio in which multiple solutions of reflux ratio exist for fixed DWC configuration with the same feed and product streams. The width and the curve shapes of the MSS region, and the number of solutions change with the liquid split ratio. This MSS phenomenon was further explained using the component recovery around the prefractionator and the component recycling flow inside the DWC. This MSS phenomenon is helpful for DWC design by knowing the probable existence of multiple solutions in advance.     

新型气相分配器对隔板填料塔性能的影响

针对一种新型隔板塔气相分配器，搭建了一套直径600mm、高度5600mm的隔板填料塔冷模实验系统，探究了液相分配比变化对气相分配比产生的影响以及新型气相分配器在隔板填料塔内的分配效果。结果显示：在本实验系统中，液相分配比在1～6之间变化时，隔板塔内气相分配比与液相分配比呈负相关的关系，即液流喷淋密度增大的一侧气体量反而会减少，气相分配比最多可由0.95降至0.6左右，这使得隔板塔远离高效操作区，严重影响了隔板塔内的传质效率；喷淋密度分别为6.27m³/(h·m²)、9.41m³/(h·m²)、15.68m³/(h·m²)时，分配器在隔板填料塔中具有较好的分配性能，可以通过分配器上的调节液位高度，使得喷淋密度增大的一侧，气相流量增多，气相分配比可由0.85调节至1.25左右，加强了气液两相传质，保证了隔板塔的高效运行。     

A novel multistage vapor recompression reactive distillation system with intermediate reboilers

Most of the published studies have focused on the thermal integration of nonreactive distillation columns. The key limitation of reactive distillation (RD) technology is that the necessary conditions (such as pressure and temperature) for the reaction must match those of distillation. Owing to this constraint, the reaction conversion may be adversely affected at the elevated pressure in the reactive section of an internally heat integrated distillation column (HIDiC). This fact forces us to adopt an external heat integration approach for an industrial heterogeneously catalyzed ethyl tert‐butyl ether (ETBE) RD column. The direct vapor recompression column (VRC) is an external heat integration scheme that is successfully used as an energy efficient scheme for separating a close‐boiling mixture. Interestingly, there exists a large temperature difference between the two ends of the representative ETBE column, and it makes the external heat integration more challenging. Aiming to improve the thermal efficiency of the ETBE column under the VRC framework, various heat pump arrangements with intermediate reboiler(s) (IR(s)) are explored and analyzed with performing a comparative study in terms of energy consumption and economics. To improve further the thermal efficiency, in this contribution, a novel multistage vapor recompression RD column with IRs is introduced addressing a number of practical concerns. An algorithm for the proposed column is formulated showing the sequential steps involved in heat integration. It is inspected that the proposed multistage vapor recompression RD system appears overwhelmingly superior to the classical vapor recompression RD and its conventional stand alone column providing a significant savings in energy as well as cost. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 761–771, 2013     

Synthesis of dividing-wall columns (DWC) for multicomponent distillations—A systematic approach

Dividing-wall columns (DWC) are intensified distillation systems for multicomponent separations. They have the potential to save significantly both energy and capital costs than conventional simple column configurations. In this paper, it is shown that the DWC columns can be systematically generated from the conventional simple column configurations. Because of the simple column sequences with sharp splits are the simple and widely studied conventional schemes for multicomponent distillation, the purpose of this work is to formulate a procedure for systematic synthesis of DWC columns for such simple conventional schemes. A four-step procedure is formulated which systematically generates all the possible DWC columns from the simple column sequences. First, the subspace of the original thermally coupled configurations corresponding to the simple column configurations is generated. Then, the subspace of the thermodynamically equivalent structures corresponding to the original thermally coupled configurations is produced. Finally, the subspace of the DWC columns corresponding to the thermodynamically equivalent structures is achieved. An example of quaternary distillation is used to illustrate the synthesis procedure which is applicable to a mixture with any number of components.     

隔板精馏塔分离氯化亚砜的模拟研究

隔板精馏技术是一种节能、高效的新型分离工艺。以氯化亚砜产品的精馏过程为实例,应用PRO/II软件对两塔工艺进行模拟计算,模拟结果与工业生产实际数据对比吻合良好,可以得到高纯度产品。进一步模拟计算隔板精馏塔工艺,讨论了汽液相分配比、回流量和侧线采出位置对产品纯度及能耗的影响,确定最适宜操作条件为液相分配比1.4、汽相分配比2、回流量17 000 kg/h、侧线于采出段34块板采出。在最适宜操作条件下与常规精馏塔间接、直接精馏序列相比,分别可节能25.8%和17.9%。     

Optimal retrofit of a side stream column to a dividing wall column for energy efficiency maximization

A side distillation column is widely used to separate multicomponent mixtures into three products. However, this kind of column consumes considerable amounts of energy due to thermodynamic restrictions and the nature of the distillation process. Retrofit of the side distillation column to a dividing wall column (DWC) can result in significant energy savings. This study evaluated a systematic method for optimal retrofit of a side stream column to a DWC. The minimum energy requirement for the separation of a multicomponent mixture was used for a feasibility study. Subsequently, design and optimization was performed using shortcut, rigorous and response surface methodology. One case study was illustrated to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results showed that the optimal retrofit of a side distillation column to the DWC could not only save a significant amount of energy, but also increase the capacity. This study highlights the potential for retrofitting a side stream column to a DWC from a techno economic point of view.     

气相分配比对隔板精馏塔性能和操作影响的模拟研究(英文)

Operability problem of dividing wall column (DWC) raised by vapor split was investigated by numerically analyzing four cases defined by different compositions of a three-component mixture. DWCs were firstly designed for each case by optimizing the vapor split to the two sides of the dividing wall, and then their feasibilities and total annual costs in operation were evaluated against different vapor split ratios. The analysis on the operability of the DWC for four cases was made based on two scenarios: (1) vapor split is shifted by the vapor resistance difference between the column sections in the two sides of the dividing wall and (2) the feed composition is changed. It was demonstrated that the positioning of the dividing wall and the decision on the vapor split may affect significantly the operability of a DWC.