Silkworms’ feces-based activated carbons as cheap adsorbents for removal of cadmium and methylene blue from aqueous solutions

Activated carbon samples, ACs, were obtained from silkworms’ feces via chemical activation method. Many activating agents including the new ones KCl, CrCl₃ and TiCl₄ were compared. Acidic and basic oxidic groups in addition to aromatic tertiary and secondary amines have been detected on the surface of produced ACs. Furthermore, microporous solids furnishing high internal specific surface area, ranging between 1000 and 2000 m²/g, and total pore volume up to 0.85 cm³/g were obtained. TiCl₄ resulted in the solid possessing the highest area and pore volume. The obtained solids showed high efficiency in removing methylene blue and cadmium from their aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacity of sample AC/TiCl₄ is 461 mg/g of MB at pH = 10, and 62.6 mg/g of Cd²⁺ at pH = 8. The nature of the formed microporous texture and the prevailing surface oxidic groups are the main controlling parameters for the observed high efficiency toward both adsorbates.     

Electrophoretically deposited halloysite nanotubes coating as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) coatings were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) from different alcoholic suspensions using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the dispersant. The results of conductivity, zeta potential, FTIR and thermal analysis showed that PEI is protonated in alcoholic suspensions and then adsorbed on the surface of HNTs enhancing their zeta potential and so colloidal stability. Optimum concentration of PEI decreased with molecular size of alcohol due to the more adsorption of PEI on HNTs. Kinetics of EPD was the fastest from the suspensions with the highest zeta potential. HNTs coatings exhibited high resistance against cracking during their drying due to the self-reinforcement provided by long HNTs and the presence of PEI in their composition which acts as the binder. The coating (6cm²) deposited from ethanolic suspension with 0.5?g/l of PEI (optimum suspension) removed 36% of MB from its aqueous solution (concentration: 5?mg/l and volume: 30?ml) within 2?h.     

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash and its thermal regeneration

BACKGROUND: The removal of cationic dyes from wastewater is of great importance. Three zeolites synthesized from coal fly ashes (ZFAs) were investigated as adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye, from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted using the batch adsorption technique under different conditions of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, solution pH, and salt concentration. RESULTS: The adsorption isotherm data of MB on ZFAs were fitted well to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB by the three ZFAs, calculated using the Langmuir equation, ranged from 23.70 to 50.51 mg g^?1. The adsorption of MB by ZFA was essentially due to electrostatic forces. The measurement of zeta potential indicated that ZFA had a lower surface charge at alkaline pH, resulting in enhanced removal of MB with increasing pH. MB was highly competitive compared with Na⁺, leading to only a < 6% reduction in adsorption in the presence of NaCl up to 1.0 mol L^?1. Regeneration of used ZFA was achieved by thermal treatment. In this study, 90–105% adsorption capacity of fresh ZFA was recovered by heating at 450 °C for 2 h. CONCLUSION: The experimental results suggest that ZFA could be employed as an adsorbent in the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater, and the adsorptive ability of used ZFA can be recovered by thermal treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fe_3O_4/纤维素磁性纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以纤维素和氯化亚铁为主要原料,制备了一种新型的磁性纳米复合材料,用于吸附水溶液中的亚甲基蓝,探索了Fe_3O_4与纤维素的质量比、反应时间、吸附剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度等对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳条件为:2 mL初始浓度10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝废水,Fe_3O_4/纤维素质量比为1∶8,吸附剂用量为8 mg,吸附反应时间为10 min。在此条件下,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料对亚甲基蓝的去除率可达91%。Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的过程符合Langmuir模型。该新型复合材料的吸附性能和磁性能有力的结合,使其具有易分离、易回收且能够循环利用的特点。同时,该材料制作成本低、适宜大规模生产。     

A combined effect of adsorption and reduction potential of biochar derived from Mentha plant waste on removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

ABSTRACT

Plant biochars were prepared by slow pyrolysis of Mentha plant waste to remove cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The biochars were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry (CV), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and zeta potential analyzer. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics applied on the MB dye removal by biochars showed monolayer chemisorption of MB dye. Present investigation revealed that removal of MB dye was due to synergistic action of chemisorption coupled with reductive electron transfer mechanisms. CV test showed a reversible, coupled redox reaction at interface of MB dye and biochar particles.     

Citric acid modified waste cigarette filters for adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

Waste cigarette filters (CFs) were recycled and modified with a nontoxic and low-cost citric acid (CA). The modified CFs were employed in the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous medium. The influence of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose on adsorption of MB dye was evaluated. The adsorption studies were conducted by employing linear and nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity of CF obtained through linear and nonlinear Langmuir model were 88.02 and 94 mg g⁻¹, which improved up to 163.93 and 168.81 mg g⁻¹, respectively, after the introduction of functional groups in CF-CA. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo-second order kinetics with coefficient of regression (R²) closed to unity. The removal efficiency of CF-CA was 97% at equilibrium time of 4 h. Desorption studies indicated that CF-CA could be regenerated by using HCl (0.1 M) and desorption efficiency was up to 82% upon second cycle of reusability experiment. This study proposed a green and economical use of recycled CFs in dyes wastewater treatment, simultaneously reducing the negative environmental impact due to their improper disposal.     

A new electrode reactor with in-built recirculation mode for the enhancement of methylene blue dye removal from the aqueous solution: Comparison of adsorption,electrolysis and combined effect

The removal of basic dye such as methylene blue (MB) dye from the synthetic wastewater was experimentally investigated using an electrolytic cell (EC), adsorption and the combined effect of EC and adsorption technology called a three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor (TPTDER). The performance of the each technology was checked on the basis of the efficiency of the systems. The experimental results are expressed in terms of the removal efficiency of the dye molecules. The results show that the TPTDER could efficiently remove the dye molecules from the aqueous solutions when compared with the EC and adsorption process. The removal efficiency reached as high as about 99% for an initial MB dye concentration in the range of 100–1,000 mg/L by TPTDER for 10 min at 12 V cell voltage and at specific airflow conditions. It was also observed that the removal of dye molecules depends upon the initial solution pH, applied cell voltage, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The recyclability of the particle electrodes in the TPTDER process was also checked. These findings suggest that TPTDER is a promising technology for the removal of dyes from the aqueous solution, and can be applied to the removal of dyes from the industrial effluents.     

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution on activated carbon prepared from Malawian baobab fruit shell wastes: Equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Baobab fruit shell (BFS), a renewable bio-waste from Malawian baobab tree was used as a precursor for the production of a low-cost activated carbon to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Parameters such as contact time, initial methylene blue concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature were studied. The adsorption process can be well described by both Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB dye was ca. 334.45 mg/g. The negative value of the Gibb’s free energy and positive value of adsorption enthalpy showed the spontaneous nature and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively.     

Lightweight geopolymer-expanded glass composites for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions

In this work, monolithic geopolymer-expanded glass composites were prepared for the purpose of methylene blue removal from wastewaters. Zeolite A was found to form during geopolymerization process, e.g. sodium hydroxide solution alkali-activation of metakaolin and metakaolin with expanded glass aggregates blends, and curing at 80 °C for 24 h. The effect of expanded glass content on density and compressive strength of the obtained samples was examined and showed the decrease from 1.1 g/cm³ and 20.4 MPa (sample without expanded glass) to 0.5 g/cm³ and 1.6 MPa (sample with a 50%-replacement of metakaolin with expanded glass). The addition of expanded glass positively affected sorption capacity and removal efficiency. The sample without expanded glass reached 3.4 mg/g and 70%, while sample with a 50%-replacement of metakaolin with expanded glass reached 4.9 mg/g and 99%, respectively. The influence of methylene blue initial concentration and sorption time on the dye uptake and removal efficiency was also analyzed.     

Efficient removal of methylene blue in aqueous solution by freeze-dried calcium alginate beads

Novel porous calcium alginate beads were prepared via crosslinking of calcium followed by freeze drying for investigating the adsorption performance for methylene blue. These beads possessed reduced shrinkage, highly porous lamellar structure and high specific surface area, and exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity and much faster adsorption rate compared to the non-porous beads obtained with conventional oven drying method. Methylene blue adsorption capacity increased with increasing of initial concentration and pH, while decreased with increasing of temperature. The adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was 961.5 mg g^?1 at 298.15 K. After eight successive adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity had negligible decrease. Owing to the high adsorption capability, rapid adsorption rate, easy recovery and reusability, the freeze-dried beads imply a prospective, biodegradable and attractive adsorbent for removing contaminants from wastewater.     

超声波辅助粉煤灰去除水中亚甲基蓝染料的动力学分析

为了开发更多的粉煤灰用途,采用粉煤灰去除水中的染料污染物,达到以废治废的目的。采用超声波辅助粉煤灰的方法,以亚甲基蓝染料作为模拟污染物,考察此工艺的可行性,讨论亚甲基蓝的去除效果,分析其动力学。研究结果证明,超声波-粉煤灰联合体系（US-FA体系）具有良好的去除染料污染物的能力,超声波的引入能提高粉煤灰对染料污染物的去除率,协同效应非常明显,粉煤灰投加量0.3、0.5、1.0和2.0 g的情况下,协同因子分别达到1.05、1.32、1.55和2.27。在本实验体系内,经过恒温控制后,超声波的热效应可以忽略,主要通过粉煤灰吸附和羟基自由基降解两大主要途径去除污染物,超声波对去除性能的促进作用主要体现在以下几个方面：一是超声波空化作用产生羟基自由基,超声波和粉煤灰表面相互作用产生更多的羟基自由基;二是超声波能促进粉煤灰表面产生更多的活性位,促进了吸附过程的化学反应步骤,由于粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程以化学反应为控制步骤,所以超声波能大为促进粉煤灰的吸附性能;三是超声波的引入加剧了固液混合,促进污染物向固相表面移动,促进更多的污染物进入到吸附剂颗粒内部,改善了传质。     

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by kaolin and zeolite

In the present study, kaolin and zeolite have been utilized as adsorbents for the removal of a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solution within a batch process. Characterization of the two adsorbents was carried out by nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments (specific surface area measurements by the BET method). The effects of various parameters such as initial MB concentration, contact time, adsorbent concentration, stirring speed, solution pH and salt concentration were examined and optimal experimental conditions were determined. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The mass transfer model in terms of interlayer diffusion was applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of the rate controlling step. In order to determine the best-fit-isotherm, the experimental data were analyzed by the Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich equation which are found to best represent the equilibrium data for kaolin and zeolite. The values of activation parameters such as free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were also determined. The results indicate that kaolin and zeolite could be interesting alternative materials with respect to more costly adsorbents used for dye removal.     

Macroporous polymeric ion exchangers as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye basic blue 9 from aqueous solutions

Two macroporous cation‐exchange resins, Purolite C145, a strongly acidic cation macroporous resin, and Purolite C107E, a weakly acidic cation‐exchange resin, were used to remove the dye Basic Blue 9 (BB9) from an aqueous medium. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to analyze the effect of various parameters, such as the phase contact time, initial dye concentration, initial solution pH, resin dose, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium data were evaluated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) adsorption models. The Freundlich model better described the adsorption processes of the BB9 dye onto both cation exchangers, and the monolayer adsorption capacities were established as 31.9846 mg/g (C145) and 27.77 mg/g (C107E) at 20°C. The values of the mean free adsorption energy (E) obtained from the DR model suggested a porous structure of the adsorbents and proposed ion exchange at the main mechanism of the adsorption process. The values of the thermodynamic parameters showed that the retention of the cationic dye was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the sorbent and also to validate the adsorption mechanism as ion‐exchange ones. The desorption experiments by a batch method were performed with different solutions: 0.1 and 1 mol/L HCl, 2.5 mol/L H₂SO₄, CH₃OH, and a mixture between 1 mol/L HCl and CH₃OH. Desorption performed with sulfuric acid was shown to be most effective because more than 85% of the adsorbed dye was removed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39620.     

Equilibrium modeling for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on activated clay minerals

This work reports the application of an activated clay mineral as adsorbent for the removal of a basic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions. The thermal treatment at 300 °C for 2 h and the acid activation with nitric acid of 0.5 mol/dm³ under reflux conditions improve the adsorption capacity of the raw clay mineral. A maximum of 500 mg/g of MB at equilibrium is achieved. Equilibrium data are mathematically modelled using the Freundlich, Langmuir and Toth isotherm adsorption models.     

甘蔗渣吸附溶液中偶氮染料的研究

用廉价的甘蔗渣为生物吸附剂对偶氮染料分散蓝进行吸附处理.考察了pH、染料浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附剂粒径、离子强度和吸附时间等因素对染料吸附的影响.结果显示,初始pH为2、染料浓度50mg/L、甘蔗渣粒径28.34目、氯化钠浓度0.3M,吸附时间120min左右、搅拌转速150rad/L,去除率可达83.2％.研究表明,甘蔗是一种很有前途的偶氮染料吸附剂.     

The use of low rank coal-based adsorbents for the removal of nitrophenol from aqueous solution

A range of Victorian brown coal based materials (Yallourn brown coal, grus, briquette char, power station char and an activated carbon) have been assessed as potential adsorbents for the removal of organics from aqueous wastes. The compound 4-nitrophenol has been used as the adsorbate. The influence of adsorbent dosage levels, particle size, and the presence of buffer solution components, other electrolytes, and pH on the kinetics of adsorption of nitrophenol have been investigated. For some adsorbents, pH changes in the acidic region appear to have little influence on adsorption rates of nitrophenol, but for chars, reduced pH conditions appear to reduce adsorption rates. In the alkaline pH range, leaching from some of the adsorbents occurs, with the extent of leaching reducing as the carbon content of the adsorbent increases. Adsorption capacities for Yallourn coal, grus, briquette char and power station char using nitrophenol in phosphate buffer have been measured. The technique of differential pulse polarography has been shown to be useful as a means of measuring nitrophenol adsorption in situ for concentrations up to 30 mg l⁻¹.     

用活性炭吸附强化超滤过程脱除废水中染料的研究(英文)

In this study, orange G dye was efficiently removed from aqueous solution by ultrafiltration (UF) mem-brane separation enhanced with activated carbon adsorption. The powdered activated carbon (PAC) was deposited onto the UF membrane surface, forming an intact filter cake. The enhanced UF process simultaneously exploited the high water permeation flux of porous membrane and the high adsorption ability of PAC toward dye molecules. The influencing factors on the dye removal were investigated. The results indicated that with sufficient PAC incor-poration, the formation of intact PAC filtration cake led to nearly complete rejection for dye solution under opti-mized dye concentration and operation pressure, without large sacrificing the permeation flux of the filtration process. Typically, the dye rejection ratio increased from 43.6% for single UF without adsorption to nearly 100% for the en-hanced UF process, achieving long time continuous treatment with water permeation flux of 47 L·m 2·h 1. The pre-sent study demonstrated that adsorption enhanced UF may be a feasible method for the dye wastewater treatment.     

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by a carbon-microsilica composite adsorbent

Microsilica, one kind of industrial solid waste material, was utilized firstly to prepare a carbon-microsilica composite adsorbent (CMS). The prepared adsorbent was characterized with XPS, SEM and Gas sorption experiments. The results indicated the SO₃H groups, which are very effective in capturing cationic organic dye, were introduced onto the surface of CMS; the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (S _BET ) and total pore volume (V _total ) of CMS reach 51m²/g and 0.045 cm³/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the possibility of the utilization of the adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of pH, contact time and initial MB concentration for MB removal were studied. Equilibrium data were modeled using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations to describe the equilibrium isotherms. It was found that data fit to the Langmuir equation better than the Freundlich equation. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was calculated at different temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) reach 251.81, 283.76 and 309.70 mg/g, respectively. It was observed that adsorption kinetics obeys the pseudo-first-order equation.     

高炉渣吸附亚甲基蓝的性能研究

以高炉渣为吸附剂,探讨了高炉渣用量、吸附pH值、初始浓度及吸附时间等因素对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能影响.结果表明,高炉渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程与吸附pH值、初始浓度、吸附温度等密切相关,吸附pH值在6.0～8.0时吸附较为适宜,且高炉渣吸附亚甲基蓝在180 min即可达到吸附平衡状态.吸附等温线和吸附动力学研究表明,高炉渣吸附...