南北极海区碳循环与全球变化研究

南北极是全球变化研究领域中十分重要的地区 ,也是世界大洋对全球变化反馈的一个重要窗口。文章论述了南北极海区碳循环研究的国内外研究动态 ,阐述了目前南大洋及北冰洋的生产力水平及碳收支平衡状态 ,讨论需要进一步研究的一些存在问题以及将来的发展方向。目前的研究表明 ,北极的生产力比历史上所认为的要高 ,在全球变化的作用下 ,其将成为越来越重要的碳汇区 ;南大洋主控着人为源CO2 的海气交换通量 ,而生产力所受到的限制也影响着其吸收CO2 的潜力。目前制约着对两极碳循环进一步认识所缺乏的资料包括 :极区碳汇的时空变异、南大洋的Fe限制及Fe假说、紫外增强对极区碳循环可能产生的影响等。今后研究的重点将集中在全球变化对两极碳循环的影响及其反馈 ,碳循环的机制及其动力学过程 ,以及通过碳循环人为干预全球变化的可行性。近年来 ,中国也十分重视极区碳循环的研究 ,取得了许多积极的成果。我们的研究结果表明 ,在 80°E～ 80°W之间 ,南大洋基本上是大气CO2 的汇 ,其中在 45°W～ 30°W及 10°W～ 10°E之间 ,是CO2 的强汇区。北冰洋的一些海区也表现为很强的碳汇区。计算得出 ,楚科奇海及其附近海区 7月到 9月CO2 吸收通量为 0 13g/ (m2 ·d) (碳 )。南大洋夏季CO2 吸收通量为 0 1g/ (m2 ·     

Advances in Seasonal Variations and Controls of the Air-sea CO2 Flux in the South China Sea

Marine carbon cycle of the South China Sea is an important part of global carbon cycle. Researches on the air-sea CO₂ flux in the South China Sea will help us understand the global carbon cycle and improve the global carbon system parameter database. This paper concisely summarized the changes of partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), air-sea CO₂ fluxes (FCO₂), and related environmental factors in four regions in domains in the South China Sea. The low-salinity area of the upper reaches of the Pearl River estuary in the northern of South China Sea shelf area acted as a strong source of atmospheric CO₂, with high pCO₂（405.3~810.6 Pa）all year round. The lower area of the Pearl River estuary (salinity > 33.7) acted as a weak sink of CO₂ in winter, with relatively low pCO₂ （35.2~37.0 Pa). The northern slope/basin in the South China Sea acted as a source of CO₂ in warm seasons with a relatively high pCO₂ (45.0 Pa), and acted as a sink of CO₂ in cold seasons with a relatively low pCO₂ (34.7 Pa). The west of the Luzon Strait acted as a sink of CO₂ in spring, while it acted as a source of CO₂ in other seasons, with relative high pCO₂ (38.4~47.5 Pa) in winter. The central/southern basin in the South China Sea acted as sources of CO₂, with relative high pCO₂ (41.0 Pa) all the year. Generally, the estimation of annual sea-air CO₂ fluxes showed that most domains in the South China Sea served as weak sources of atmospheric CO₂. In the future, more researches should be focused on the time-series of sea surface pCO₂ and the remote sensing of the sea-air CO₂ fluxes.     

未来百年全球气候变化分析

未来百年全球气候变化的影响是当前学术界激烈争议的议题,深入探讨全球气候变化的驱动机理才能正确认识全球气候变化.持续生长的青藏高原吸收了巨量的CO2,导致大气中CO2浓度大幅下降,使地球从温室气候进入到以冰期、间冰期交替出现为特征的冰室气候,青藏高原成为新生碳储库.在间冰期,青藏高原和蒙古高原将淡水输送到中低纬度内陆区(...     

Geological Drilling in Polar Regions: Progress and Perspectives

The Antarctic and the Arctic regions play a key role in global sea level change and carbon cycle, and reserve key information of the Cenozoic transition from a green-house to an ice-house Earth. They have become hot spots in earth science studies. The geological drilling projects in both polar regions (e.g., DSDP/ODP/IODP/ICDP) have achieved remarkable successes, which have freshened the knowledge of global environmental and climatic evolution. Along with the Cenozoic global cooling, the timing of glaciation was almost synchronous on both the Antarctic and the Arctic. Accompanied with the Antarctic ice sheet build-up and increased terrestrial weathering, the enhanced formation of Antarctic Bottom Water exerts significant impact on global ocean circulation. The volume of unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet fluctuates during glacial-interglacial periods showing 40 ka obliquity cycles, its volume significantly reduced or collapsed during several peak interglacials or long warm intervals. The Southern Ocean plays a significant role modulating atmospheric CO₂ concentration, global deep water circulation and nutrient distribution, productivity at different time scales. Sea level responses to the waxing and waning of polar ice sheets at different time intervals were tested, which provide valuable clue for predicting future sea level changes. The upcoming IODP drilling projects on polar regions will keep focusing on the high latitude ice sheet development, Southern Ocean paleoceanographic evolution, land-ocean linkages in the Arctic, and the impacts on the global climate, which will provide important boundary conditions for predicting global future climate evolution.     

Century-scale nitrogen and phosphorus controls of the carbon cycle

In recent decades, humans have become a very important force in the Earth system, demonstrating that emissions (gaseous, liquid, and solid) are the cause of many of our environmental issues. These emissions are responsible for major global reorganizations of the biogeochemical cycles. The oceans are now a net sink of atmospheric CO₂, whereas in their preindustrial state they were a source; the trophic state of the coastal oceans is progressively moving toward increased heterotrophy; and the terrestrial realm is now vacillating between trophic states, whereas in preindustrial times it was autotrophic. In this paper, we present model calculations that underscore the role of human-induced perturbations in changing Earth's climate, specifically the role of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus in controlling processes in the global carbon cycle since the year 1850 with projections to the year 2035. Our studies show that since the late 1940's emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus have been sequestered in the terrestrial living phytomass and groundwater. This nutrient-enhanced fertilization of terrestrial biota, coupled with rising atmospheric CO₂ and global temperature, has induced a sink of anthropogenic CO₂ that roughly balances the emission of CO₂ owing to land use change. In the year 2000, for example, the model-calculated terrestrial biotic sink was 1730 Mtons C/year, while the emission of CO₂ from changes in land use was 1820 Mtons C/year, a net flux of 90 Mtons C/year emitted to the atmosphere. In the global aquatic environment, enhanced terrestrial inputs of biotically reactive phosphorus (about 8.5 Mtons P/year) and inorganic nitrogen (about 54 Mtons N/year), have induced increased new production and burial of organic carbon in marine sediments, which is a small sink of anthropogenic CO₂. It is predicted that the response of the global land reservoirs of C, N, and P to sustained anthropogenic perturbations will be maintained in the same direction of change over the range of projected scenarios of global population increase and temperature change for the next 35 years. The magnitude of change is significantly larger when the global temperature increase is maximum, especially with respect to the processes of remobilization of the biotically important nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.     

Marine Carbon Sequestration: Current Situation,Problems and Future

Abuse of fossil energy resources results in the excessive discharge of greenhouse gases, especially CO₂, enhancing the trend of global climate warming. Carbon sequestration is an important method to lower the increasing rate of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. Marine carbon sequestration is a novel idea for reducing CO₂ emission, and its reservoir mainly includes seawater and submarine sediment, which not only possess a great potential capacity of carbon sequestration, but also have high safety in relation to continental reservoirs. In this paper, we expounded the technique principle and mechanisms of marine carbon sequestration, potential capacity and time duration of marine carbon sequestration, main factors influencing marine carbon sequestration, CO₂ injection technique, impacts on marine biota from over emission of CO₂ and technique monitoring the leakage of CO₂. Finally, a prospect of marine carbon sequestration was proposed, and its hot topics were accordingly pointed out.     

白令海与西北冰洋表层沉积物中四醚膜类脂物研究及其生态和环境指示意义

通过对中国第3次和第4次北极考察在白令海和西北冰洋采集的65个表层样沉积物中生物标记物四醚膜类脂物(GDGTs)的研究,发现西北冰洋表层沉积物中类异戊二烯和支链GDGTs的浓度分布大致以楚科奇海和波弗特海的陆坡为界线,呈现南高北低的特征,这一特征主要与水体生产力和陆源有机质的输入量有关.基于GDGTs的陆源输入指数BIT显示,从楚科奇海北部到高纬度区的阿尔法脊,陆源有机质的相对比例明显增加,与有机碳稳定同位素等结果一致,表明BIT可以用来指示北极陆源有机质输入量的变化.应用前人TEXL86-SST方程估算的研究区表面海水温度SST与现代年均SST和夏季平均SST的相关性较差,原因可能与陆源输入的类异戊二烯GDGTs干扰以及低的古菌生产力有关.从季节性海冰覆盖区到永久性海冰覆盖区,基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT明显升高,可能反映了CBT对海冰覆盖状况的响应,但其响应机制还不清楚.基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT和甲基化指数MBT估算的北极陆地年均大气温度和土壤pH差异较大,可能是由表层沉积物的来源复杂以及混合作用造成的.     

地质调查助力碳达峰碳中和目标实现的路径浅析

2030年前实现碳达峰,2060年前实现碳中和是2020年我国提出的国家重大战略目标.以当前我国的二氧化碳排放及能源结构现状,要实现这一伟大目标形势十分严峻.介绍了全球碳循环过程,阐述了碳源与碳汇对于大气CO2浓度的贡献,从减源与增汇2个方面,初步分析了地质调查在推动碳达峰与碳中和目标实现中的作用与可能的贡献,并提出了...     

藏南碳酸岩脉成因及其气候效应

始新世末期以来,全球大气CO₂浓度持续下降,但长期以来不清楚为何这一时期全球大气CO₂浓度下降,巨量的大气CO₂赋存于何处。深入研究该问题有助于准确理解未来大气CO₂浓度变化的趋势,特别是有助于进一步评估人类自身碳排放的后果。这一时期,小印度陆块持续与大亚洲陆块汇聚,导致了以喜马拉雅为代表的山脉群和青藏高原的形成。很早就有学者从地球表层碳循环的角度提出了"青藏高原的隆升导致了全球变冷"的观点,但这一观点既没有解释清楚"巨量大气CO₂到何处去"的问题,也没有讨论青藏高原本身向大气圈排放CO₂等问题,因此该观点最近受到了强烈的质疑。这些激烈的争论充分反映了传统的地球表层碳循环研究已不能充分满足当前社会的需求。本文从深部碳循环这个视角重新探讨青藏高原在全球碳循环中的作用。在印度与亚洲陆块持续汇聚期间,以喜马拉雅为代表的巨型山脉快速崛起,然后持续遭受化学风化作用,大量消耗大气CO₂。化学风化的产物堆积在喜马拉雅山前的前陆盆地内,形成了巨量含新生碳酸盐矿物和有机碳的西瓦里克沉积杂岩,随后新生的西瓦里克杂岩又随持续平板俯冲的印度陆壳被带入青藏高原内部,与平板俯冲的印度陆壳共同经历高温变质作用。俯冲板片内的(黑)云母等含水矿物发生脱水,形成花岗岩浆。花岗岩浆再与俯冲的西瓦里克杂岩内的碳酸盐岩发生交代反应,释放出含钙、镁离子、以CO₂和水为主的高温流体,本文称其为壳源火成碳酸岩浆。碳酸岩浆沿张性裂隙上侵、冷凝之后形成藏南的碳酸岩脉。虽然青藏高原内部的火山、温泉等均向大气圈排放CO₂,但所排放的碳均为再循环来自大气圈的碳,并且排放量略小于吸收量,否则消耗大气CO₂所新生的碳酸岩脉就不会在青藏高原内部保存下来。藏南大量晚新生代碳酸岩脉的发现充分说明了喜马拉雅山脉和藏南高原是一个巨大的碳储库,在其形成过程中将巨量大气CO₂转化为流体(岩浆)的形式封存于青藏高原内部,从而大幅降低了大气CO₂浓度,最终导致了全球变冷。上述过程充分说明,大气CO₂浓度的变化实质上是受控于地球内部的构造运动。进一步可推论出,"全球变化"只是一个自然现象,虽然它有独特的运行轨迹,但与人类的碳排放量无因果关系。     

人类巨量碳排放后果分析: 来自青藏高原综合调查的启示

人类巨量碳排放究竟导致什么后果,争议颇大,只有深入研究始新世以来大气CO₂浓度与环境变化,才有可能正确认识未来人类自身巨量碳排放之后果。大量研究揭示出: 从始新世到渐新世末期,大气CO₂浓度大幅下降,全球变冷,形成了大陆冰川; 中新世至今,大气CO₂浓度在低浓度背景之下长周期缓慢下降。当前尚不清楚何种机制主导了这一变化过程,也不清楚形成大陆冰川的水来自何方。为此,从青藏高原深部碳循环、表层水循环和环境变化的角度探讨这些问题,再分析未来人类巨量碳排放之后果。青藏高原在生长、隆升过程中,通过硅酸岩化学风化、植物光合作用、陆内俯冲(深埋)、水岩反应等方式,持续将巨量大气CO₂转化为富含碳元素的固、流体,封存在青藏高原新生的厚地壳之中,大幅降低了大气CO₂浓度,导致了全球变冷、大陆内陆(含青藏高原,下同)表层失水变干,形成了大陆冰川。渐新世—中新世之交,青藏高原生长到改变大气环流的规模,形成了亚洲季风,大陆内陆进一步荒漠化,捕获CO₂的量大幅下降,并与青藏高原内部所释放CO₂的量达到了准动态平衡,这是中新世以来大气CO₂浓度变化的主要机制。人类巨量碳排放彻底扭转了大气CO₂浓度长周期缓慢下降的趋势,大陆冰川因全球变暖所形成的液态水不会长期停留在海洋里,而以大气降水的方式重新回到干冷的大陆内陆,青藏高原将因此再次成为巨型水塔,缓解30多亿人的清洁饮用水问题。持续生长的高原和当前干冷荒漠化的大陆内陆通过前述多种方式固化人类排放的巨量CO₂,导致未来大气CO₂浓度在较高浓度背景下保持稳定,届时沙漠变绿洲,黄土高原变成有机质丰富的黑土高原,人居环境大幅改善; 但在盆地内部,PM2.5难以扩散,易形成雾霾。全球平均海平面因海水热膨胀而缓慢上升,上升速率约为1 mm/a。水主要在大陆冰川与内陆表层之间循环,与海平面升降之间没有因果关系。因此,人类巨量碳排放所导致的全球变暖对于人类自身的发展是利大于弊。     

Response and Feedback of Marine Carbon Sink to Climate Change

The response and feedback of ocean carbon sequestration to climate changes is a international hot topic and requires large spatial/temporal scale, collaborative and multi-disciplinary research. In the first conference of GRC Ocean biogeochemistry, scientists focus on three biologically-driven ocean carbon pumps (Biological Pump, BP; Microbial Carbon Pump, MCP; Carbonate Counter Pump, CCP) and their environmental and climate consequences. As a sister meeting in China, we organized the session to show the efforts and progress of ocean carbon sequestration of Chinese scientists. The microbial ecological processes of phytoplankton, bacteria, archaea and viruses and interactions between them were highlighted in the session. Use coral reefs in the South China Sea as an example, the presenters and the participants come to an agreement that interdisciplinary collaborations are needed to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between microbes and their geochemical environment and the consequences of microbial processing of carbon on outgassing of CO₂ and carbon sequestration. The session also have presentations focusing on paleo-environmental reconstruction for carbon sinks as well as their paleo-ecological effects in ancient oceans with time spanning from the 1.8~0.8 Ga Proterozoic to the 2.5 Ma Quaternary. These talks provide specific geological cases for the oceanic carbon sink research and convey the emerging geological view of paleooceanic carbon sinks to the research community of modern ocean carbon sinks. As a summary, the discussion in this session of biological pump, microbial carbon pump and carbonate counter pump shows the latest research progress and future development trend in this field.     

微型生物在岩溶碳循环中的作用研究回顾与展望

全球气候变化问题使岩溶系统碳循环的研究倍受关注,有关微型生物及其碳酸酐酶在岩溶系统碳循环中的作用的认识也在不断深入。文章回顾了微型生物及其碳酸酐酶在碳酸盐岩风化以及碳酸盐岩沉积过程中的作用过程及作用机制,指出未来的研究需结合不同岩溶生态环境,量化微型生物及其碳酸酐酶对岩溶生态系统碳增汇的影响,为深入研究微型生物及其碳酸酐酶对岩溶碳汇的贡献、增加岩溶生态系统碳汇的能力、助力实现碳中和提供参考。      

碳酸酐酶胞外酶影响下的岩溶湖泊微藻碳汇研究

以岩溶湖泊——红枫湖的微藻为研究对象,通过添加两种标记稳定碳同位素组成的无机碳进行室内模拟岩溶环境条件;并通过添加不同浓度的乙酰唑胺（AZ）,来模拟岩溶湖泊中碳酸酐酶胞外酶活性差异的各类微藻。重点监测微藻蛋白质含量及其稳定碳同位素组成变化等指标,计算其对不同来源无机碳的吸收利用份额,并结合微藻的生物量生长指标,最终计算出碳酸酐酶胞外酶活性差异的各种微藻的碳汇能力。结果显示:在岩溶湖泊的自然水体中,碳酸酐酶胞外酶活性强的微藻碳汇能力是缺乏碳酸酐酶胞外酶的微藻碳汇能力的5倍。碳酸酐酶胞外酶对微藻光合碳汇能力的影响显著。      

基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化固碳效应研究进展

人为排放CO2导致全球气候变暖已经对人类生存和发展造成威胁,碳捕获与封存是世界公认的实现碳减排的主要途径之一.基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化固碳作为地质碳汇之一,是一种经济、安全且长久的碳捕获与封存方式,引起了国际社会越来越多的重视.本文阐述了自然条件下基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化反应过程,分析其固碳机理和影响基性-超基性岩碳酸盐化...     

全球变化中的北极碳汇：现状与未来

由于海冰覆盖，北极碳汇（Arctic Carbon Sink）在全球碳通量预算中经常被忽略或简单处理。但随着全球变化加剧，北极发生快速变化，北极碳循环及其对全球变化的响应与反馈日趋重要。综合对北极碳汇的研究结果，分析了北极碳汇的来源、变化以及主要调控因子，评估了北极碳汇现状。探讨了在全球变化中，影响北极碳汇变化的因素及其对未来北极碳汇变化趋势的影响。      

Review on Researches of Aragonite Saturation State in the Southern Ocean:A Key Parameter of Southern Ocean Acidification

The Southern Ocean is a strong sink for atmospheric CO₂, making it especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). The aragonite saturation state (Ω_arg) of seawater has been used as an index for the estimation of OA, which plays a critical role in evaluating the living environment of marine calcified organisms. However, it is very difficult to perform the studies of OA and Ω_arg in the Southern Ocean due to its harsh climate. Therefore, in order to better understand the OA and its further influences, the advances of Ω_arg studies were summarized in the oceans surrounding the Antarctica. Significant spatial and temporal variations of surface seawater Ω_arg are demonstrated in the Southern Ocean. In general, the surface seawater Ω_arg shows a lower value in the off-shore areas than in the open oceans. And, Ω_arg also exhibits a strong seasonal cycle with a higher value in summer than in winter. The distributions of Ω_arg in vertical water column generally present a declining tendency from surface to bottom. In addition, the shoaling of Ω_arg horizon at high latitude could be attributed to the ventilation and upwelling of deep waters in the Southern Ocean. There are many factors that could impact the Ω_arg in the Southern Ocean, including sea ice melting, sea-air CO₂ exchange, biological activities and hydrological processes, etc. Finally, the future changes and key scientific problems of OA in the Southern Ocean are proposed.     

天津平原区浅层地下水水化学特征及碳酸盐风化碳汇研究

大气 CO₂浓度在控制全球气候变化方面具有至关重要的作用,研究碳循环、CO₂收支平衡和精确评估是制定区域CO₂减排策略和寻找新的碳汇途径最重要的组成部分。碳酸盐风化碳汇是全球碳循环研究的一个重要方向。为此,本研究以天津平原区浅层地下水为研究对象,通过对地下水调查及水样的采集与分析,运用水化学分析方法分析了地下水水化学特征,并估算了地下水总储存量、DIC储量和碳酸盐风化碳汇量。研究结果表明:浅层地下水化学场自北部山前平原向南部冲积平原和滨海平原,呈现出自北而南和由北西向南东的水平水化学分带规律,地下水由低浓度的淡水、微咸水变为高浓度咸水,沿此方向水化学类型由HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg→Cl·SO₄-Na→Cl·HCO₃-Na→Cl-Na型转变;淡水区、微咸水区和咸水区面积分别为733、3 034和6 564 km²。地下水水化学组分中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解作用。研究区浅层地下水总储存量为2 241 640万m³,总DIC储量为8.13×10⁶ t,总碳汇量为4.11×10⁶ t。研究区浅层地下水淡水区、微咸水区和咸水区地下水储存量分别为157 799万、6 245 936万和1 459 247万 m³,DIC浓度分别为19200、19200和19342 mg/L,DIC储量分别为0.67×10⁶、1.65×10⁶和0.58×10⁶ t,碳汇量分别为0.22×10⁶、0.90×10⁶和2.98×10⁶ t。沿地下水流向,DIC、储量和碳汇量的空间分布均呈现出由低到高的趋势。     

CO2矿化研究现状及应用潜力

CO₂浓度急剧上升成为一个很严峻的问题,因此,降低大气CO₂浓度成为当务之急.目前涉及的方案中的海洋封存、地质封存,虽封存潜力巨大,但带来的负面影响也不容小觑.CO₂矿化利用实质是模拟自然界岩石化学风化,作为一种新兴的减排方案,既能固定大气CO₂,生成具有工业附加值的碳酸盐产品,又能实现环境友好.能够矿化利用的原材料包括天然富钙、镁硅酸盐矿物,工业碱性废固、液,盐湖中的氯化镁资源等,矿化利用的方法也不尽相同.虽然硅酸盐岩的风化是如何控制长时间尺度的气候变化的机制还没有定论,但风化过程中具有固定大量CO₂的潜力这一认识已达成共识.对含有大量硅酸盐矿物的尾矿矿化CO₂的研究是目前的热点,介绍了尾矿矿化CO₂的研究现状及几种重要尾矿矿物的矿化应用潜力.      

Evidence of ''Mid-Pliocene (˜3 Ma) global warmth'' in the eastern Arctic Ocean and implications for the Svalbard/Barents Sea ice sheet during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (˜3 – 1.7 Ma)

A multiproxy analysis of Hole 911A (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 151) drilled on the Yermak Plateau (eastern Arctic Ocean) is used to investigate the behaviour of the Svalbard/Barents Sea ice sheet (SBIS) during late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (~3.0-1.7 Ma) climate changes. Contemporary with the 'Mid-Pliocene (~3 Ma) global warmth' (MPGW), a warmer period lasting ~300 kyr with seasonally ice-free conditions in the marginal eastern Arctic Ocean is assumed to be an important regional moisture source, and possibly one decisive trigger for intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation in the Svalbard/Barents Sea area at ~2.7 Ma. An abrupt pulse of ice-rafted debris (IRD) to the Yermak Plateau at ~2.7 Ma reflects distinct melting of sediment-laden icebergs derived from the SBIS and may indicate the protruding advance of the ice sheet onto the outer shelf. Spectral analysis of the total organic carbon (TOC) record being predominantly of terrigenous/fossil-reworked origin indicates SBIS and possibly Scandinavian Ice Sheet response to incoming solar radiation at obliquity and precession periodicities. The strong variance in frequencies near the 41 kyr obliquity cycle between 2.7 and 1.7 Ma indicates, for the first time in the Arctic Ocean, a close relationship of SBIS growth and decay patterns to the Earth's orbital obliquity amplitudes, which dominated global ice volume variations during late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate changes.     

海洋酸化对颗石藻的影响

工业革命以来人类活动产生了大量二氧化碳气体（CO2）并释放到大气中。CO2溶于海水,造成海水pH值降低,改变海洋碳酸系统的平衡。海洋酸化对海洋生态系统特别是钙化生物构成威胁。颗石藻作为主要的钙化浮游生物,在海洋碳循环过程中起着重要的作用。大多数培养实验表明CO2浓度上升会促进颗石藻光合作用。而海洋酸化对不同种或不同品系颗石藻钙化作用产生不同的影响。