超滤膜去除地下水中硝基苯的试验研究

为解决持久性有机污染物对地下水造成的污染，以硝基苯为研究对象，考察了超滤膜对硝基苯的去除效果及影响因素。试验结果表明，当进水硝基苯浓度为85肛μg/L，超滤膜可以连续工作68h，出水小于17μg/L。地下水中铁、锰离子对去除效果没有显著影响。进水硝基苯浓度对去除效果有显著影响。当进水硝基苯浓度由85μg/L上升至340μg/L时，超滤膜连续工作时间急剧下降，仅为14h；对由硝基苯引起的膜污染，2％CH3，CH3CH2OH清洗效果最佳。作为一项应急处理技术，该工艺可以保障小城镇地区饮水安全。     

氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛改性超滤膜去除水中Cr（VI）的研究

采用氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛（NH2-MCM-41）接枝改性聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜,并用于水中重金属Cr（VI）的去除。NH2-MCM-41成功接枝于超滤膜表面,并在表面形成均匀的亲水层,显著提高了膜的抗污染性能,过水通量衰减率从51.4%降低到了24.8%。在pH值3.5,初始浓度20 mg/L时,改性超滤膜对Cr（VI）的吸附可以在5 min达到快速平衡,吸附容量达到2.8 mg/g。超滤实验表明,NH2-MCM-41改性超滤膜对低浓度Cr（VI）进水可以实现进一步净化,在超滤运行时长达到11 h,出水Cr（VI）浓度始终维持在0.5 mg/L以下。因此,本研究通过在膜表面接枝氨基化的MCM-41分子筛,可以有效提升膜的抗污染能力和对重金属的去除能力。     

滞留时间和进水有机物对生物滞留系统除氮的影响

传统雨水生物滞留系统对氮的去除很不稳定。为了提高硝氮和总氮的去除效果,尝试在生物滞留系统底部增加内部淹没区,提供所需的缺氧环境,并延长系统内雨水的停留时间,改善系统的除氮能力。对有淹没区运行条件下进水有机物浓度和滞留时间除氮的影响进行了试验。结果表明系统在有淹没区和无淹没区运行条件下,对NH_4~+-N的平均去除率均在90%以上。无淹没区时系统对NO_3~--N的去除率为21%。有淹没区时(滞留时间2 h)系统对NO_3~--N和TN的去除作用显著提高到74%和78%。淹没运行时进水中COD浓度可以显著影响NO_3~--N的去除效果。当COD浓度为0~100 mg/L,NO_3~--N(7~9 mg/L),去除率随COD浓度的增加而显著升高。滞留时间对NO_3~--N去除效果的影响较为明显,滞留时间从1 h增加到8 h,系统的NO_3~--N平均去除率从21%增加到93%。     

臭氧活性炭去除水中硫醇类致嗅物质的研究

硫醇类物质是南方某江排洪时饮用水中嗅味的主要致嗅物质。以乙硫醇为典型致嗅物质,研究了臭氧活性炭对乙硫醇的去除特性。结果表明,臭氧活性炭对乙硫醇有很好的去除效果,其中臭氧氧化是去除乙硫醇的关键工艺,活性炭发挥的作用有限;去除乙硫醇嗅味的适宜臭氧接触时间是15min,当水质变化不大时,完全氧化水中乙硫醇所需要的有效臭氧投加量(m g/L)为乙硫醇初始浓度(μg/L)的0.04倍。当进水乙硫醇浓度大于100μg/L时,需要增加适宜的预氧化处理,与臭氧活性炭联用才能有效去除水中硫醇类致嗅物质产生的嗅味。     

氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛改性超滤膜去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

采用氨基化MCM-41介孔分子筛(NH2-MCM-41)接枝改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜,并用于去除水中重金属Cr(VI)研究.NH2-MCM-41成功接枝于超滤膜表面,并在表面形成均匀的亲水层,显著提高了膜的抗污染性能,过水通量衰减率从51.4%降低到24.8%.在p H 3.5,初始质量浓度20 mg/L时,改性超滤膜对Cr(VI)的吸附在5min达到快速平衡,吸附容量达到2.8 mg/g.超滤实验表明,NH2-MCM-41改性超滤膜对低质量浓度Cr(VI)进水可实现进一步净化,超滤运行时长11 h,出水Cr(VI)质量浓度始终维持低于0.5 mg/L,可有效提升膜的抗污染能力和对重金属的去除能力.     

臭氧活性炭去除水中硫醇类致嗅物质的研究

硫醇类物质是南方某江排洪时饮用水中嗅味的主要致嗅物质。以乙硫醇为典型致嗅物质,研究了臭氧活性炭对乙硫醇的去除特性。结果表明,臭氧活性炭对乙硫醇有很好的去除效果,其中臭氧氧化是去除乙硫醇的关键工艺,活性炭发挥的作用有限;去除乙硫醇嗅味的适宜臭氧接触时间是15 min,当水质变化不大时,完全氧化水中乙硫醇所需要的有效臭氧投加量(mg/L)为乙硫醇初始浓度(μg/L)的0.04倍。当进水乙硫醇浓度大于100μg/L时,需要增加适宜的预氧化处理,与臭氧活性炭联用才能有效去除水中硫醇类致嗅物质产生的嗅味。     

钠型活化沸石去除水中氨氮的实验研究

研究了钠型活化沸石去除水中氨氮的性能和影响因素。实验结果表明,钠型活化沸石对氨氮的静态饱和吸附量为58.12 mg/g;当进水氨氮浓度为138.80 mg/L时,在规格为Φ40×1 500离子交换柱中装填500 g粒径为0.5~1.0 mm钠型沸石,控制原水pH在5.5~7.0、滤速在14.0~15.0 m/h范围内,连续过滤43.5 h,对氨氮的去除率稳定在88.6%~92.8%范围内。     

高吸油树脂的合成及对硝基苯的吸附

采用悬浮聚合法合成了丙烯酸系高吸油性树脂。考察了树脂对硝基苯以及对模拟消防废水中硝基苯的吸附性能。研究了吸附树脂量、硝基苯初始浓度、吸附温度、离子浓度、pH等因素对均相含硝基苯的消防水吸附的影响。结果表明:吸附5 h后,对纯硝基苯的最大吸油率为30.5 g/g,吸附10 min后,对硝基苯吸油率达饱和吸油率的50%。当树脂用量为25 g/L时,硝基苯去除率达70%。树脂还具有良好的耐热及耐酸碱性,且离子浓度对吸附率无显著影响,因而能用于多种环境体系。     

β-环糊精聚合物在硝基苯微污染水中的应用

 硝基苯类污水具有难降解、毒性大、易扩散等特点,目前国内外开始对高浓度硝基苯污水的治理进行深入研究,但对微污染水却少有关注.常规给水处理技术无法处理硝基苯微污染水,长期饮用会对人体健康和生态环境产生严重影响.本文选用水不溶性β-环糊精聚合物为吸附剂,研究水不溶性β-环糊精聚合物的制备,考察其对含硝基苯微污染水的吸附作用,讨论固液比、pH等参数对吸附性能的影响,以及β-环糊精聚合物的再生性能.结果表明,每100mL溶液中加入100mg β-环糊精聚合物为最适固液比;聚合物对200μg/L、500μg/L、1mg/L、2mg/L的硝基苯溶液的吸附效率可达到80%以上;最佳吸附时间为2h;环境pH对吸附效率无太大影响;研究选择了乙醇为最佳再生剂,经连续再生4次后,聚合物吸附效率都维持在80%以上.     

SBR法处理模拟淀粉废水的工艺研究

采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理模拟淀粉废水,研究曝气时间、进水COD质量浓度对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,进水COD为1 500～2 200 mg/L,温度为25℃,连续曝气时间为2.5 h,污泥质量浓度为2 000～3 500 mg/L,对模拟淀粉废水中的COD、NH4+-N有较好的降解能力,去除率均达85%以...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to