咀嚼无糖口香糖对含漱蔗糖溶液后牙菌斑原位pH值的影响

目的 通过对牙菌斑原位pH值变化的动态监测，观察咀嚼无糖口香糖对牙菌斑原位pH值的影响。方法 采用受试者自身对照的临床试验方法，选择16名健康成人志愿者为受试者，年龄23～32岁，其中男性6名，女性10名。首先测定受试者48h菌斑的静止pH值，以及受试者用10％蔗糖溶液含漱1min后在5、10、20和30min时菌斑的pH值，取得受试者的Stephan曲线作为基线对照；而后观察咀嚼两种益达无糖口香糖对含漱10％蔗糖溶液后菌斑pH值变化的影响。菌斑原位pH值的测定采用pH微电极接触法在口内直接测量。结果 含漱10％蔗糖溶液后立即开始咀嚼无糖口香糖可使菌斑pH值在各检测时间点(含漱10％蔗糖溶液后5、10、20和30min)均维持在静止pH水平，无明显下降；含漱10％蔗糖溶液后在5min时开始咀嚼无糖口香糖则使菌斑pH值从含漱蔗糖溶液后5min时的5．59迅速回升至10min时的6．98。结论 受到蔗糖攻击后，咀嚼无糖口香糖可迅速缓冲菌斑的酸性产物，升高菌斑pH值。     

咀嚼木糖醇口香糖对牙面菌斑原位pH值的影响

目的通过对牙面菌斑原位pH值的动态检测，观察咀嚼木糖醇口香糖对牙菌斑pH值的影响。方法采用受试者自身对照的试验方法，选择9名健康成人志愿者为受试对象，用pH微电极在口内测定菌斑的原位pH值。在测定受试者牙面48小时成熟菌斑的基线pH值之后用10％的蔗糖溶液漱口，测定漱口后即刻、3、8、13、20、30、40分钟后菌斑的pH值，然后分别咀嚼蔗糖口香糖和木糖醇口香糖，测量相同时间点、相同位点牙菌斑的pH值。结果用10％的蔗糖溶液漱口后牙菌斑pH值迅速下降至5．5以下，咀嚼蔗糖口香糖后牙菌斑pH值也有下降。但下降幅度较小，在即刻、3、8分钟三个时点二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。咀嚼木糖醇口香糖后牙菌斑的pH值没有下降，在即刻、3、8、13、20分钟五个时点的pH值明显高于咀嚼蔗糖口香糖后的pH值（P〈0．05）。结论咀嚼木糖醇香糖不会导致口腔中牙菌斑pH值的下降，有助于釉质再矿化。     

咀嚼木糖醇口香糖后牙菌斑pH值的变化趋势

目的:接触法测定咀嚼木糖醇口香糖后牙菌斑原位pH值的变化趋势。方法:在9名志愿者停止口腔卫生措施48h后,采用pH微电极测定其菌斑原位pH值作为基线,再含漱0.1kg/L蔗糖溶液后测定即刻、3、8、13、20、30、40min时的菌斑pH值,然后分别咀嚼蔗糖口香糖和木糖醇口香糖,测定以上相同时间点、相同位点的菌斑pH值。结果:受试者含漱0.1kg/L蔗糖溶液和咀嚼蔗糖口香糖后,3~13min时降到最低值,此后菌斑pH值缓慢回升,至30~40min时与基线水平无显著性差异。而咀嚼木糖醇口香糖后,菌斑pH值呈上升趋势,3min时达最高,13min后pH值逐渐接近基线水平(与基线水平无显著性差异)。木糖醇口香糖组与蔗糖口香糖组、0.1kg/L蔗糖溶液组相比,pH值下降幅度在不同时间点均有显著性差异。结论:咀嚼木糖醇口香糖可以升高牙菌斑pH值,有促进釉质再矿化的功效。     

咀嚼口香糖对含漱蔗糖溶液后牙菌斑原位pH值的影响

目的：观察咀嚼含糖口香糖和含木糖醇口香糖对牙菌斑原位pH值变化的影响。方法：选择10名健康青年志愿者，采用受试者自身对照的临床试验方法，分别检测受试者含漱蔗糖溶液后咀嚼含糖口香糖和含木糖醇口香糖50min内牙菌斑pH值的动态变化。牙菌斑原位pH值的测定采用pH微电极接触法在口内直接测量。结果：含漱蔗糖溶液后5min开始咀嚼口香糖20min，可以明显提高牙菌斑pH值，使pH较快恢复至静止水平。咀嚼初期使用含糖口香糖牙菌斑pH无明显变化，而使用含木糖醇口香糖在咀嚼初期就可以明显提高牙菌斑pH至7．30。结论：含漱蔗糖溶液后，咀嚼无糖口香糖对牙菌斑的酸性产物产生明显的缓冲作用，提高菌斑pH值的作用较咀嚼含糖口香糖迅速而有效。     

咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖对唾液流率及pH值的影响

目的:探讨咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖对唾液分泌及pH值的影响。方法:选取8例受试者,分别检测咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖和对照胶姆糖前后不同时间唾液的流率和pH值。应用单因素方差分析和SNK法进行相关分析。结果:咀嚼2种胶姆糖3min内,唾液流率显著增加,在第1min时达到峰值,实验组和对照组分别为(3.15±1.05)ml和(3.30±0.87)ml。唾液pH值也不断上升,但是与唾液分泌的峰值并非在同一时间,2组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:咀嚼胶姆糖能促进唾液分泌,提高pH值,有益于口腔健康。     

胶姆糖的种类及作用

胶姆糖是口腔保健品之一,随着人工甜味剂的开发,胶姆糖的应用更为广泛。胶姆糖除了通过咀嚼促进唾液分泌、减少菌斑形成以外,它还可作为一些口腔药物的载体。笔者回顾了近年来主要的胶姆糖种类及对口腔的保健作用。     

无口腔保健干预牙菌斑液成分的研究

目的 研究长期无口腔保健干预的牙菌斑液粘代谢规律及其致龋力。方法 选择长期不刷牙者４３人,分为无龋组２７人,高龋组１６人,采集１０％蔗糖漱口前后的菌斑,检测菌斑提取液的ｐＨ值、有机酸和无机离子的浓度。结果 糖漱口后,长期菌斑提取注的ｐＨ值,、铵离子浓度降低,乳酸、甲酸升高,与禁食后新形成菌斑的糖代谢规律一致。但糖漱口前后两组菌斑提取液中的单一成分差异均无显著性。结论 长期菌斑与短期菌斑的糖代谢规律     

菌斑原位pH在判断个体龋易感性中的作用

口内牙齿表面菌斑的原位pH既能反映细菌代谢产酸的能力,也反映局部环境缓冲和转运酸的能力。本研究使用钯-微触电极测量龋活跃者(CA)和无龋者(CF)在用10％蔗糖溶液漱口前后菌斑的原位pH,以评价原位pH测定在判断个体龋易感性中的作用。结果表明,龋活跃组菌斑pH在漱糖前后各时间点均较无龋组低;龋活跃组与无龋组在漱糖后菌斑下降的最低pH相近,但龋活跃组菌斑pH回升速度慢,导致低pH水平持续时间长。上颌牙菌斑pH水平较下颌牙菌斑pH水平低,而左右侧牙菌斑pH水平大致相同,提示唾液在维持菌斑pH水平中的主导作用。     

咀嚼麦芽糖醇口香糖对牙菌斑原位pH值的影响

目的探讨咀嚼麦芽糖醇口香糖后牙菌斑原位pH值的变化趋势。方法将30名13～15岁龋易感儿童随机分为3组，即麦芽糖醇口香糖组（A组）、木糖醇口香糖组（B组）、胶母口香糖组（C组）。通过微电极原位接触法对牙菌斑pH值进行检测，观察咀嚼口香糖4W前后菌斑pH值的变化趋势。结果三组受试者分别在咀嚼口香糖后，菌斑pH值于各个时间点均呈上升趋势，约20min达到最高值，随后仍保持高于基线值水平。咀嚼口香糖4周后，三组各时间点牙菌斑pH值均上升，与咀嚼前比较具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；三组间在各个时间点pH值上升幅度（△pH）比较具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论麦芽糖醇口香糖对牙菌斑pH值的作用同木糖醇口香糖一样较为明显。     

绿茶多酚胶姆糖防治牙龈炎的临床试验

目的 探讨咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖对牙龈炎的防治作用.方法 选取受试者157人,试验组咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖,对照组咀嚼不含绿茶多酚的胶姆糖,空白组不给予干预措施.试验前及试验后3、 12、 24个月检查各组受试者的龈沟出血指数.结果 咀嚼胶姆糖的2组在试验3个月后龈沟出血指数低于空白组,并且在试验24个月后,试验组龈沟出血指数显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 咀嚼绿茶多酚胶姆糖能改善牙龈出血症状,具有较好的牙龈炎防治效果.     

Effect of a sugar-free chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract on different variables related to caries and gingivitis: a randomized controlled intervention trial

The effect of magnolia bark extract (MBE) on different variables related to caries and gingivitis administered daily through a sugar-free chewing gum was evaluated. The study was performed with healthy adult volunteers at high risk for caries as a randomized double-blind interventional study. 120 subjects with a salivary mutans streptococci (MS) concentration ≥10(5) CFU/ml and presence of bleeding on probing >25% were enrolled and divided into three groups: magnolia, xylitol and control. The study design included examinations at baseline, after 7 days, after 30 days of gum use and 7 days after the end of gum use. Plaque pH was assessed using the strip method following a sucrose challenge. Area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Whole saliva was collected and the number of salivary MS (CFU/ml) was counted. Bleeding on probing was recorded as a proxy of dental plaque. Data were analyzed using ANOVA repeated measures. Magnolia gum significantly reduced plaque acidogenicity, MS salivary concentration and gingival bleeding compared to xylitol and control gums. Subjects from the magnolia and xylitol groups showed both MS concentration (p = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) and AUC(5.7) (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) to be significantly lower compared to baseline. Thirty-day use of a chewing gum containing MBE showed beneficial effects on oral health, including reduction of salivary MS, plaque acidogenicity and bleeding on probing.     

Clinical study to evaluate the effects of three marketed sugarless chewing gum products on plaque pH, pCa, and swallowing rates

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of three commercially available chewing gums (Extra, Trident, and CareFree) to stimulate saliva flow and reverse the plaque acid and ionized calcium levels induced by a glucose challenge. Electrodes to measure pH and pCa were situated in a Hawley appliance. When the Hawley appliance was in place, the electrodes were inserted into three day old plaque at maxillary interproximal sites. A pressure sensor, located in the posterior center of the Hawley appliance, was used to record swallowing rates. After baseline values were determined, the test procedure consisted of first administering a 5% glucose challenge solution followed by a 10 minute challenge effect period, a 5 minute gum chewing or product period, and finally a 10 minute product effect period after the test gum was discarded. An ANOVA was used to compare the ability of each chewing gum to stimulate saliva and cause a return of the plaque acid and/or ionized calcium to baseline levels following product discard. The three chewing gum products varied in both time and level of pH attained while neutralizing plaque acidity (p less than .05) induced by the glucose rinse. No significant differences were found between the chewing gums for the pCa data and swallowing rates. All chewing gum products stimulated swallowing and effectively reversed plaque pH and pCa changes caused by the glucose rinse.     

Effects of sugared and sugar-free chewing gum on the accumulation of plaque and debris on the teeth

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free and sugar-containing gums on plaque formation, established plaque and salivary debris. Plaque accumulating during three 5-day periods was recorded in a group of 10 students who, in the absence of normal oral hygiene methods, chewed sugar-free or sugar-containing chewing gum or did not chew gum. In a second group of 10 students the effect of chewing the two types of gum on 3-day accumulations of plaque was recorded. Finally, the wet weight of liquorice debris present in saliva with and without gum chewing, was recorded. During the no chewing periods distinct and significant differences in the amounts of plaque accumulating at different sites were apparent. Both types of chewing gum significantly and comparably reduced plaque accumulation during the 5-day period. The chewing gums also significantly reduced established plaque on many tooth surfaces. Salivary debris was significantly reduced by 50% after chewing gum. It was noted that plaque removal occurred primarily from sites remote from the gingival margin and interdental areas and therefore it was concluded that the observed effects of chewing gum on plaque would not be reflected in a reduction in gingival inflammation.     

Effect of repeated intake of a sugar free fluoride-containing chewing gum on acido genicity and microbial composition of dental plaque

Abstract In a double blind cross-over study, 20 subjects were given either a sugar free chewing gum containing 0.25 mg fluoride or the same chewing gum without fluoride, eight times a day for 7 days. The pH of 3-day-old plaque was determined before and after each experimental period following a 30-s mouth-rinse with 10 ml 15% sucrose. The pH-decrease was significantly less pronounced after using the fluoride gum than after the placebo gum ( P < 0.001). In a second study, 20 subjects participated in a similar study. In this experiment the acid production activity from sucrose in dental plaque in vitro was determined with the aid of a titration method. In addition, the dental plaque wet weight and the total number of cultivable organisms, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, expressed as the number of colonies per mg plaque, were determined. No significant effect was found on any of these parameters after using the fluoride gum compared to the placebo gum. Thus, the results indicate that slightly elevated levels of fluoride in saliva during daytime, achieved by repeated intake of fluoride gums for 7 days, are sufficient to influence the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo.     

Effect of repeated intake of a sugar free fluoride-containing chewing gum on acidogenicity and microbial composition of dental plaque

In a double blind cross-over study, 20 subjects were given either a sugar free chewing gum containing 0.25 mg fluoride or the same chewing gum without fluoride, eight times a day for 7 days. The pH of 3-day-old plaque was determined before and after each experimental period following a 30-s mouth-rinse with 10 ml 15% sucrose. The pH-decrease was significantly less pronounced after using the fluoride gum than after the placebo gum (P less than 0.001). In a second study, 20 subjects participated in a similar study. In this experiment the acid production activity from sucrose in dental plaque in vitro was determined with the aid of a titration method. In addition, the dental plaque wet weight and the total number of cultivable organisms, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, expressed as the number of colonies per mg plaque, were determined. No significant effect was found on any of these parameters after using the fluoride gum compared to the placebo gum. Thus, the results indicate that slightly elevated levels of fluoride in saliva during daytime, achieved by repeated intake of fluoride gums for 7 days, are sufficient to influence the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo.