纳米无机磁性聚合物复合膜的制备技术

综述了国内外纳米无机磁性聚合物复合膜的制备技术。模板合成法制备条件温和,所得纳米粒子大小和形状容易控制、粒子排列更加有序,产品具有特殊的优异性能。     

纳米结构TiO_2微孔复合膜涂膜液的研制

用异丙醇钛经溶胶 -凝胶过程制得了二氧化钛粒子溶胶 ,发现是由锐钛矿微晶组成的 ,溶胶中加入添加剂制得涂膜液在多孔AL2 O3 陶瓷支撑体上涂膜 ,可制得完整的复合TiO2 膜。     

溶胶一凝胶法制备有机／无机复合膜的研究

直接从无定型二氧化硅出发，研究了与乙二醇、氢氧化钾反应，生成高反应活性的五配位硅钾化合物，再与2—氯乙醇反应制备双羟基四配位硅化合物，然后通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了双羟基四配位硅／聚乙烯醇复合膜，并分析了膜的热性能，发现改性PVA复合膜的热性能有所降低；但膜的透明性和韧性基本没变；说明四配位硅水解后得到的硅醇基与PVA中的羟基发生了缩合作用。     

Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2-TiO2复合膜的制备与研究

以硝酸铝、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、氧氯化铝(ZrOCl2·H2O)、钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合溶胶;并在基底上涂膜、干燥、烧成,制成了有担载体的复合膜.应用SEM和XRD和压汞法等测试技术对Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2-TiO2复合膜的结构、表面形貌和孔径进行了表征,并研究了溶胶性能和烧成制度对膜性能的影响.     

纳米结构TiO2微孔复合膜涂膜液的研制

用异丙醇钛经溶胶-凝胶过程制得了二氧化钛粒子溶胶,发现是由锐钛矿微晶组成的,溶胶中加入添加剂制得涂膜液在多孔AL2O3陶瓷支撑体上涂膜,可制得完整的复合TiO2复合膜。     

富勒烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合膜溶胶-凝胶制备与结构的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶的方法，在Si（100）衬底上制备了C60-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA ）复合膜.红外光谱分析表明，C60分子已均匀地分布在PMMA中，凝胶以后形成了C 60-PM MA复合膜.利用X射线衍射（XRD）谱研究了该复合膜的结构，结果表明，在200℃真空退火后 C60分子 趋向相互聚集并形成晶化C60颗粒，其尺寸强烈依赖于C60含量.随C60含 量的增加，晶化C6 0颗粒尺寸增大.高C60含量的复合膜中多晶状态的C60 颗粒，呈现面心 立方（fcc）结构〈111〉方向的择优排列特征；并且观察到XRD信号极强的、异常的333衍射 峰现象，对其产生机理进行了初步探讨.     

纳米二氧化钛材料的制备与性能研究

分别用溶胶-凝胶法与水热合成法制备了纳米二氧化钛.水热合成法与溶胶-凝胶法合成的纳米二氧化钛相比,比表面积很大,形貌比较规则;并且水热法合成的纳米二氧化钛已经出现纳米棒状结构,用自然界唯一的碱性多糖壳聚糖为模板剂合成的比表面积可以达432.36 m2/g.     

有机酸修饰水基sol-gel法制备TiO2纳米薄膜

采用丙烯陵为修饰剂，通过水基sol—gel法制备了二氧化铁纳米薄膜，研究了反应物浓度、反应温度等条件对薄膜形貌的影响。研究结果表明，作为修饰剂的丙烯酸浓度对薄膜的形貌起着重要的控制作用。依据反应条件的不同，丙烯酸可以以单分子或聚合物的形式与Ti原子结合。单分子丙烯酸起到水解抑制剂的作用，而聚合态丙烯酸则根据反应条件的不同可能起到抑制剂或敏化剂的作用，并最终确定所制备的纳米薄膜的微观形貌。通过对丙烯酸／钛酸四丁酯摩尔比等反应条件的调节可以得到具有不同微结构的二氧化铁纳米薄膜。     

PI/TiO2纳米复合膜的H2/CH4和H2/N2分离性能

以可溶性聚酰亚胺为基质 ,经乙酸修饰后的钛酸丁酯为TiO2 溶胶前体 ,NMP为共溶剂 ,采用溶胶凝胶法可制得PI/TiO2 纳米复合膜。采用XPS、TEM和气体透气性能测试等手段 ,对复合膜的结构和H2 分离性能进行了表征。结果表明 ,复合膜中钛酸丁酯已转化为TiO2 ,PI与TiO2 两相结合完好。TiO2 以颗粒状均匀分布在PI基质中 ,其颗粒粒径约为 1 0nm。复合膜的H2 ,N2 和CH4 透气系数随着TiO2 含量的增加而明显增加。当TiO2 含量为2 2 3 %时 ,对H2 的透气系数为 1 4 .1Barrer,对H2 /N2 和H2 /CH4 的分离系数分别为 1 87.5和 1 4 3 .2 ,因此 ,该复合膜是一种较为理想的H2 分离和回收膜材料     

溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机复合膜的研究

直接从无定型二氧化硅出发,研究了与乙二醇、氢氧化钾反应,生成高反应活性的五配位硅钾化合物,再与2-氯乙醇反应制备双羟基四配位硅化合物,然后通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了双羟基四配位硅/聚乙烯醇复合膜,并分析了膜的热性能,发现改性PVA复合膜的热性能有所降低;但膜的透明性和韧性基本没变;说明四配位硅水解后得到的硅醇基与PVA中的羟基发生了缩合作用.     

Preparation of Nano Silver/Silk Fibroin Composite Films

In this study, the outstanding biocompatibility of silk fibroin （SF） and the highly efficient anti-bacterial effect of nano silver （NS） were utilized to prepare SF/NS composite film with anti- bacterial property. The structure and property of the film were characterized. The results showed that the structure of SF in the film was mainly silk I. SF in the film was almost insoluble in water. The tensile strength of film with NS was significantly lower than that of films without NS. When the addition of NS was within the range of 0%-0.6%, the elongation at break had no significant difference. The antibacterial rate of the film on staphylococcus aurens and escherichia coil increased with the amount of NS. The minimum amount of NS in the fdm was O. 1% and the maximum amount was 0.5%.     

再生丝素固体的微细结构

研究了蚕丝丝素水溶液经不同方式干燥后，所得到的再生丝素固体的微细结构，以及存放过程中丝素的结构变化，指出经30℃热风干燥或经高于－20℃冷冻干燥后，所得到的丝素固体的结构是无定形和Silk I共存，在室内温度湿度环境中存放后，部分无定形结构转化为Silk I；蚕丝丝素水溶液经－80－－20℃冷冻干燥后，所得到的丝素膜的结构主要是无定形，含少量Silk II，存放过程中部分无定形结构转化为SilkI；室温放所自然形成的丝素凝胶中，丝素的结构是无定形和Silk Ⅱ共存；丝素水溶液表面膜中甘氨酸和丙氨酸的含量较高，表面膜的结构主要是Silk I和Tilk Ⅱ结晶度高。     

Fine Structure of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solids

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Preparation of Antibacterial Electrospun PVA/Regenerated Silk Fibroin Nanofibrous Composite Containing Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride as a Wound Dressing

Electrospinning technique was used for the fabrication of poly （ vinyl alcohol ） （ PVA ） / regenerated silk fibrnin （ SF ） composite nanofibers, loaded with ciprofloxacin HCI （CipHCI） as a wound dressing. Electrospun PVA/SF/CipHCI composite nanofibers were stabilized against dissolving in water by heating in an oven at 155℃ for 5 min. Incorporation of CipHCi into electrospun nanofibers was confirmed by SEM and FT.IR spectra. Further the mechanical properties test illustrated that the addition of CipHCI enhanced the mechanical properties of PVA and PVA/SF nanofibers. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coU （E. coli ） （ gram-negative ） and Staphylococcus aureus （ S. aureus ） （gram-positive） organisms were evaluated by disk diffusion method; and results suggested that electrospun PVA/CipHCI and PVA/SF/ CipHCI composite nanofibers showed a remarkable antibacterial activity.     

Structure and Property of Silk Fibroin ／ Cellulose Blend Film

Silk fibroin/cellulose blend films were prepared using Nmethylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as solvent. The effects of different proportions and solid contents on properties of blend films were discussed. The mechanical properties showed that the blend films had preferable moisture permeability and a high strength. The structures of the blend films were investigated by infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated the occurrence of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups of cellulose and amido groups of fibroin.     

Physico-Chemical Properties of a Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Film

The conventional silk fibroin(SF)films obtained by casting from SF aqueous solution are amorphous,and easily dissolved in water.This defect limits the practical use of SF films in biomedical field.A new water-insoluble silk fibroin film(an SF-FA film)could be simply prepared by casting from SF formic acid solution.The physical properties and moisture permeability of SF-FA films were examined.The results show that the SF-FA film swollen in water exhibits outstanding pliability.The weight loss of SF-FA films ...     

Silk Fibroin Film Blended with Poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）

To improve the toughness of silk fibroin（ SF） films,poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）（ PEGG） was synthesized with ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin. The SF / PEGG blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution and their structures were characterized. The PEGG was in liquid state at room temperature so it will not be a single phrase at blend film. It crosslinked with SF and made it insolubility in water. The results of X-ray diffraction（ XRD） indicated that the crystallinity of the SF in the blend films decreased with the content of PEGG increasing. The tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application.After the blend films were stored at room temperature for 100 d,the crystallinity, the tensile strength and elongation at wet state increased. The blend films are superior to SF films in providing excellent flexibility and mechanical properties in both dry and wet states. Based on the fact that SF has good biocompatibility,the SF /PEGG blend film will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.     

高含量再生丝素蛋白水溶液的热性能研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),对不同含量的再生丝素蛋白水溶液(质量分数为12%~42%),以及同一含量不同剪切速率(1 000 s-1和2 000 s-1)下溶液热性能的变化进行了对比研究。结果表明,随着含量的增大,再生丝素蛋白水溶液发生相转变的温度逐渐降低;同样,经剪切后的溶液发生相转变的温度均向低温漂移,且随着剪切作用的加强,向低温的漂移越明显。试验表明,丝素水溶液含量的增加和剪切作用可加速溶液从无规线团或α-螺旋向β-折叠构象的转变速度,且随着剪切速率的提高,构象转变的速度也加快。     

Structure and Properties of Porous Silk Fibroin Materials

In this article the structure and properties of freeze-dried porous silk fibroin materials were tested and analyzed.The results indicated that for porous silk fibroin materials prepared by means of freeze-drying,if freez-ing temperature was below —20℃,the structure of silk fibroin was mainly amorphous with a little silk Ⅱ crystal structure,and if freezing temperature was above —20℃,quite a lot of silk Ⅰ crystal structure formed.Porous silk fibroin materials,with average pore diameter be-     

Structure Changes of Silk Fibroin（SF） by Blending with Poly（ε-caprolactone）（PCL）：Characterization of SF and PCL Blended Electrospinning Films

The mechanical properties and water solubility of electrospinning SF films limit their use as biomaterials. In order to develop a tissue engineering biomaterial with both satisfying biological properties and sufficient biomechanical properties,blended films composed of silk fibroin（ SF） and poly（ ε-caprolactone）（ PCL） were fabricated by electrospinning in this study. Scanning electron microscope（ SEM）, X-ray diffraction（ XRD）,thermal analysis,Fourier transform-infrared（ FT-IR）,Raman spectra,mechanical testing,and water solubility were used to characterize the morphological, structural and mechanical properties of the blended electrospinning films. Results showed that the diameter of the blended fiber was distributed between 600 and1000 nm,and the fiber diameter increased as the PCL content increased. There is no obvious phase separation due to the similarity and intermiscibility,as well as the interactions（ mainly hydrogen bonds）, between the two polymers. Meanwhile, the secondary structures of SF changed from random coils and Silk I to Silk II because of the interactions between SF and PCL. For this reason,the tensile strength and elongation at break of the electrospinning films improved significantly,and the water solubility decreased. In conclusion,the blended electrospinning films fabricated in this study showed satisfying mechanical properties and water insolubilities,and they may be promising biomaterials for applications in tissue engineering for blood vessels,nerve conduits,tendons,ligaments and other tissues.