GIS中电磁波传播特性的仿真研究

为研究UHF信号在GIS中的传播特性,采用时域有限差分法进行了仿真建模和计算。GIS内部的局部放电会在腔体中激励超高频(UHF)电磁波信号,UHF法是通过对局部放电时产生的超高频电磁波信号进行检测,获得局部放电信号的有关信息以实现对设备的绝缘状态诊断和评估。UHF法抗干扰能力较强、灵敏度高。仿真结果表明,UHF信号在GIS内传播时呈现明显的时延特性,有利于局放源的定位;UHF信号的强弱和检测点与局放源的夹角Φ有关,Φ=0°和180°时信号的能量最大;局放脉冲越陡,在GIS腔体中激励的高次模波分量越大。     

基于FDTD的GIS中电磁波传播特性仿真研究与分析

该文采用时域有限差分法研究电磁波信号在GIS中的传播特性,从而为GIS局放超高频在线检测提供借鉴与参考。首先参照GIS实际试验装置进行建模,然后分别研究了激励源脉冲宽度与幅值对电磁波传播的影响、电磁波在GIS筒体内传播的时延特性、GIS结构变化对电磁传播特性的影响。仿真结果表明,电磁波信号幅值与衰减速度与激励源的脉冲宽度与幅值关系密切,利用此特征可以帮助判别局放源的种类和严重程度;电磁波信号在GIS内传播时呈现明显的时延和幅值衰减特性,此特征有利于进行局放源的定位;GIS结构变化对电磁波的幅值及信号特征均有影响,因此应按传播特性选择传感器放置点,以取得更好的检测效果。     

超高频法在GIS局部放电检测中的抗干扰能力

对GIS中局放脉冲激发的电磁波特性进行了分析,介绍了用于检测GIS中局放的超高频传感器及其传递特性.分析和实测结果表明用超高频法检测GIS中的局放,具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

XLPE电缆中间接头局部放电电磁波特性仿真分析

为研究XLPE电缆中间接头中局部放电激发的电磁波特性,建立了10 kV XLPE电缆接头模型,采用有限积分法对中间接头中超高频(UHF)电磁波的模式特性、衰减特性以及检测信号与局放脉冲波形之间的关系进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:在中间接头中,电磁波主要以准TEM模式传播,在其内部各处横向电场分量明显大于纵向分量;激励产生的电场强度和信号能量整体上随检测距离的增大迅速衰减,仅在导电硅胶附近由于电磁波反射增强而略有增大;UHF信号的能量由局放脉冲的波形决定,局放脉冲波形越陡,幅值越大,激发的UHF信号越强。     

基于GIS中电磁波传播路径特性的局放源定位方法

气体绝缘开关设备（GIS）中发生局部放电（以下简称局放）时,为查找绝缘缺陷,需对局放源进行准确定位。超高频（UHF）时差定位法由于原理简单、实现方便、定位精度高等优点获得了广泛应用,但当局放信号的初始脉冲较小而难以确定信号的起始脉冲时间时,UHF时差法将难以有效运用从而导致较大误差。为提高时差定位法的准确性,对局放电磁波在GIS中的传播路径特性进行研究,分析结果表明,局部放电产生的电磁波在GIS中的传播路径与局放源的位置、检测点的位置密切相关,据此提出了基于传播路径的脉冲时差定位法。实验结果表明,当局放源位于GIS外壳附近、电磁波信号初始脉冲很小、难以辨识时,用该方法可以准确定位。     

超高频法在GIS局部放电检测中的抗干能力

对ＧＩＳ中局放脉冲激发的电磁波特性进行了分析，介绍了用于检测ＧＩＳ中局放的超高频传感器及其传递特性。分析和是结果表明用超高频法检测ＧＩＳ中的局放，具有良好的抗干扰能力。     

GIS盆式绝缘子对超高频电磁波衰减的仿真研究

时域有限差分算法对GIS内局放激发超高频电磁波信号经盆式绝缘子的衰减特性进行仿真研究。首先研究了盆式绝缘子对超高频电磁波电场信号强度的衰减作用,指出绝缘子对在GIS腔体内传播的超高频电磁破电场强度衰减较小,对通过绝缘子泄漏到GIS腔体外的超高频电磁波电场强度衰减较大。然后研究了经绝缘子衰减后超高频电磁波电场信号增益的幅频特性,指出在GIS腔体内绝缘子对超高频电磁波的衰减集中在1000MHz以上,而从绝缘子处泄漏到GIS腔体外的电磁波信号其衰减集中在1500MHz以下和3000MHz以上频率。     

局部放电电磁波在GIS中的衰减特性

局部放电电磁波信号在气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)中传播时受GIS结构影响而产生衰减变化,使得难以从超高频(UHF)检测信号实现对局部放电源信号的有效评估。为分析GIS不同结构部件对电磁波信号的影响,本文采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法对GIS中局部放电电磁波的衰减特性进行建模分析,研究了电磁波信号在GIS中不同部件传播时幅值、能量等参数的变化特性。对局部放电电磁波信号经过绝缘子前后的变化进行试验研究,验证了仿真分析的有效性。研究结果表明,电磁波信号在同轴波导中传播时信号能量衰减很小,但是由于高次模波的色散效应使得信号幅值发生较大程度的减弱;邻近局部放电源的绝缘子对于电磁波信号的衰减作用比其他绝缘子更大;经过L分支的电磁波信号能量衰减和幅值降低程度均较大,但其横电磁波(TEM)分量衰减很小;电磁波经过T分支的垂直部分比直线部分衰减更为严重。     

基于波分时分复用技术的变压器局部放电光纤超声定位技术研究

相比于压电陶瓷,光纤布喇格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)对于变压器局部放电产生超声信号的检测灵敏度高、抗干扰性能好,然而,现有研究尚未考虑通过多点FBG复用以扩大FBG用于变压器局放检测范围的相关方法。为此,该文提出了一种基于波分时分复用技术的多点FBG变压器局放超声定位技术。通过波分复用技术,实现了FBG传感器位置的识别;通过时分复用技术,解决了仅靠单个FBG难以满足变压器内局放超声信号全范围检测的难题。本文建立了基于多点FBG超声传感系统的变压器油中局放检测试验平台,对不同FBG测点对油中局放超声信号的检测结果进行了对比,并基于多点FBG对变压器油中同一局放源进行了超声定位试验。试验结果表明:对于油中局放超声信号的检测,不同FBG测点的检测频带相近,传感器一致性好;多点FBG能够实现变压器油中局放超声信号的准分布式测量,且基于多点FBG的测量结果能够通过网格搜索算法实现局放源的定位。     

GIS中电磁波传播特性的试验研究

GIS内部的局部放电会在腔体中激励超高频（UHF）电磁波信号,局部放电信号可通过超高频传感器进行检测。为研究UHF信号在GIS中的传播特性,在GIS内设置了导体尖端和悬浮电位放电模型,内置式传感器的信号与用示波器在盆式绝缘子浇注孔测试到的UHF信号进行比较。试验结果表明,UHF信号在GIS内有一定的衰减,外置式传感器测得的信号比内置式的衰减大。     

Examination of Electromagnetic Mode Propagation Characteristics in Straight and L-Section GIS Model Using FD-TD Analysis

It is an effective method of insulation accident prevention for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) to detect a partial discharge (PD) that occurs as a preceding phenomenon for an insulation accident. Among various methods, a PD detection method based on the detection of electromagnetic emission through measurement of the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), which is relatively free of influences from external noises, is drawing attention as an effective method in terms of extensive and highly sensitive detection. This paper describes conducting EM-wave propagation analysis on GISs with L-sections using the finite difference-time domain (FD-TD) method and examining the influences of the Insertions on the propagation characteristics of EM-wave modes with comparison of straight GIS part. As a result, this study identified that, even on a straight GIS, the velocity dispersion characteristic of high-order modes resulted in a decrease in the crest value even if there is no reflection or conductor loss in the discontinuities. And that mode conversions and reflections in L-sections also resulted in a decrease in the crest value.     

局部放电电磁波在GIS中传播路径的分析

为进一步揭示GIS中局部放电电磁波的传播特性,采用FDTD方法仿真分析了GIS中局部放电产生的电磁波信号的传播路径及其与信号波形之间的关系并在真实GIS中进行了相关试验研究。仿真和试验结果均表明局部放电电磁波在GIS中的传播路径与局部放电源的位置相关,且检测的电磁波信号波形受电磁波传播路径的影响也不尽相同。局部放电源靠近GIS内导体时,检测位置φ不同时的电磁波信号波形相似,且各电磁波信号的初始脉冲均较大,其传播路径为直线路径。局部放电源靠近GIS外导体时,电磁波信号波形与检测位置φ相关,在φ=0和φ=180°处检测的信号中有大脉冲出现,其传播路径为沿GIS外壳内表面绕向传播路径。     

Resonance characteristics and identification of modes of electromagnetic waves excited by partial discharges in GIS

Electromagnetic waves are used for detection of partial discharges (PD) in GIS (gas‐insulated substations). A very wide frequency band up to 1.5 GHz is utilized for detection. There are three categories of electromagnetic wave which can be excited and propagate in coaxial cylindrical structures like GIS, namely, TEM, TE, and TM modes. The characterization and identification of each mode is indispensable to understanding the partial discharge phenomena in GIS. In this paper, peaks in the frequency spectrum excited by PD are identified in each mode and the resonant characteristics of each mode are studied. The following are the major results: (1) The resonance peaks appear at the frequencies defined by the spacer distance. (2) The intensity of each mode depends on the position of discharge source along the radial direction. The lower‐order modes including TEM are excited when a discharge source is located near the center conductor. On the other hand, higher‐order modes are excited when the discharge source is at the enclosure surface. (3) The experimental profile of each mode excited by PD along the radial direction approximately agrees with the general theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in coaxial cylindrical cavity. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(2): 1–11, 2000     

GIS局部放电定位的频域时差读取方法

局放(PD)源定位通常依赖于局放信号时域波形获取时差,然而,当信噪比(SNR)很低或者PD信号的初始脉冲较小时,难以获得PD信号的起始脉冲时间.笔者摒弃对时域PD信号分析,结合GIS中电磁波的传播模式特性,通过FFT变换将时域波形转换为频域PD信号进而在频域研究,提出一种精确获取时差的新算法.采用时域有限差分法(FDT...     

Partial Discharge Diagnosis Method Using Electromagnetic Wave Mode Transformation in Actual GIS Structure

The diagnosis algorithm using ultra high frequency (UHF) method with the higherorder electromagnetic wave (EM-wave) was examined as the advanced partial discharge (PD) diagnosis method in a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) in the former paper. Previous studies evaluated the characteristics of EM-waves propagated in a simple coaxial cylindrical pipe, or through an L-shaped or a T-shaped pipe formed by combining these. In the present study, components (a hand hole, a post-type spacer, etc.) present in an actual GIS structure were identified, and an evaluation done mainly through an analysis on what effects their presence has on the mode transformation of EM-waves propagated inside a GIS tank. The direction in which a GIS tank is bent is horizontal (0°) in the L-shape structure. If there is either a post-type spacer or a shield ring inside, and the signal source is in the 0° direction, the distribution of the EM-wave strength varied according to through the L-shape structure. Also in the case of a Tshaped structure, the distribution of the output after signals are transmitted through the T-shaped junction varied depending on each component. Based on these characteristics, the diagnosis algorithm for PD with higher-order mode EM-waves was improved taking into account the effects of various components existing in an actual GIS, and a PD diagnosis method more suitable for an actual structure was established.     

GIS结构对局部放电电磁波传播特性影响研究

主要分析GIS典型绝缘缺陷引起的局部放电(PD)过程,应用FDTD算法,以真实PD电流信号为激励源,研究电磁波在不同结构的GIS内部的传播特性。结果表明:不同的GIS结构会对电磁波的幅值、频率分量以及传播方式产生影响。