模板浸润法制备可生物降解聚合物纳米管和纳米线

以孔径为200nm的阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板，用简单的物理方法制备了生物可降解聚合物聚己内酯（PCL）的纳米管、线及其阵列结构。SEM和TEM测试结果表明：熔融法在120℃和140℃都能制得整齐的纳米管阵列结构，管径均匀，约300nm。在溶液法中，5％浓度的溶液制得了杂乱的纳米管，而10％浓度的溶液制得的是纳米线阵列，直径在200nm左右。     

模板浸润法制备聚苯乙烯纳米管阵列

采用一种简单的物理技术——聚合物溶液或熔体浸润多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板的方法,在孔径仅为200nm的AAO模板中制备聚苯乙烯(PS)纳米管阵列。SEM和TEM测试结果表明：熔体法制备的纳米管壁厚约为110nm;5．0wt％和10．0wt％的PS溶液制备的纳米管壁厚分别为70nm和80nm。并初步探索了模板法制备聚合物纳米管的多次浸润机理。     

溶液浸润模板法制备图案化ABS纳米管阵列

采用紫外光刻技术首先制备了图案化的阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,以此作为"二次模板",以不同浓度的ABS溶液浸润模板,成功地制备了不同结构的ABS纳米管阵列。用扫描电镜(SEM)对其微观形貌进行表征,结果显示,所获得的ABS纳米管阵列排列规整,高度有序,与掩膜的图案完全一致。并且讨论了溶液浓度对纳米管壁厚的影响。     

模板法室温制备纳米CeO2及其表征

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为模板,Ce(SO4)2·4H2O和NaOH为原料,在聚乙烯醇(PVA)的分散和保护作用下制备纳米CeO2粉体材料.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、差热-热重联用分析仪、扫描电镜、紫外-可见分光光度计和紫外发射光谱仪分别对所制备的产物进行表征.结果表明:所制备的CeO2粒径为15nm,热稳定性好,属于萤石结构,分散性好,对紫外光具有较好的吸收,对可见光具有较好的透明性,纳米CeO2粉体的纯度大于99.5%.该制备方法具有工艺简单、污染少、粒径小和操作可控等优点.     

模板法制备无机纳米中空球的研究进展

近年来,无机纳米中空球由于其独特的结构特点,表现出普通材料不具备的性能,引起研究者广泛的兴趣.阐述了当前模板法合成无机纳米中空球材料的研究现状包括合成方法、合成现状及机理,并提出当前无机中空球合成存在问题及展望.希望有关无机中空球材料的研究能够不断完善,发挥其潜在的应用价值.     

有序纳米结构体系的模板合成法

利用具有特定结构的物质作为模板,来引导纳米有序结构的制备与组装,从而实现对纳米材料的组成、结构、形貌、尺寸、取向和排布等的控制,为研究纳米有序体系的性质提供了有利途径.模板可以分为软模板和硬模板两种,本文介绍了氧化铝、胶体晶体、胶束、生物大分子等几种常见模板的特点.利用模板法,可以制备金属、合金、氧化物、半导体和聚合物及其复合组份等多种纳米结构有序体系.本文结合我实验室最近的研究工作综述了利用模板法制备纳米有序结构体系的研究进展.     

软模板法制备皂荚形貌银纳米粒子

利用软模板法制备了具有新颖皂荚形貌的Ag纳米粒子,其平均尺寸为60～70nm.钛酸丁酯和乙酰丙酮螯舍而成的网络结构可指导一维Ag纳米粒子的生长.实验结果表明,反应温度和反应时间会影响皂英形貌Ag纳米粒子的生长动力学过程.     

模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展

中空结构材料具有低密度、高比表面积、可以容纳客体分子等特点被广泛用于环境保护、生物医药、电子等领域。模板法具有简单、重复率高、预见性好等诸多优点, 在制备中空结构材料的过程中被广泛采用。根据所使用模板性质的不同, 模板法又可分为传统模板法和自模板法两类。本文对模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进行了综述, 首先阐述了硬模板法和软模板法两种传统模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展, 并在此基础上重点综述和评价了奥斯特瓦尔德熟化法、柯肯达尔效应法、电化学置换法和化学刻蚀法四种自模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展, 最后, 对模板法制备中空结构材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

活性模板法制备纳米铜粉体

采用活性模板法制备了高纯纳米铜（Cu）粉体。研究了超声波频率、焙烧温度对纳米粉体性能的影响，通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和激光粒度分析仪等手段对样品的成分、形貌、粒度及其分布进行了分析。结果表明，模板介质炭黑具有微反应器作用、空间位阻效应和较强的还原性，模板法制得的纳米Cu粉呈规则的链状球形，无明显团聚体，平均粒径为32．3nm，粒径分布窄，粒径范围在19．4～49．5nm。     

Polyaniline microrods synthesized by a polyoxometalates/poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibers template

Polyaniline (PAn) microrods doped with H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ (HPA) were obtained by a H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/Poly(vinyl alcohol) microfibers template method. The morphology of the polyaniline microrods was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph. The average diameter of the polyaniline microrods was between 200 and 250 nm. IR spectra and X-ray diffraction characterized the structure of the polyaniline doped with H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀. The conductivity of the polyaniline microrods was measured by a four-probe method. The highest conductivity of the polyaniline microrods was 3.9 S/cm.     

聚乙烯咔唑侧基含有偶氮发色基团的制备研究

本文研究了聚乙烯咔唑侧基含偶氮发色基团的制备及合成工艺．我们以聚乙烯咔唑为偶合组分,和发色基团对硝基苯重氮盐在相转移催化剂存在下,采用后重氮偶合方法,制备出偶氮化聚乙烯咔唑．聚乙烯咔唑和重氮盐摩尔质量比1：4,重氮盐按分批加入方式加入到反应液中,反应时间96小时,反应温度室温．通过红外光谱和紫外光谱分析确定了重氮基团已接入到聚乙烯咔唑上．     

Hierarchical organization of Au nanoparticles in a poly(vinyl carbazole) matrix for hybrid electronic devices

We report a novel one-step method for the preparation of hierarchically patterned Au nanoparticles in a conducting polymer matrix by controlling the interface properties between Au nanoparticles and the conducting polymer matrix. The terminal group of capping molecules for the Au nanoparticles was modified to change the interface properties, not to change the size of the Au nanoparticles which affects their intrinsic properties. By modulating the interface properties, it is possible to construct Au nanoparticle-conducting polymer composites with two different structures: one presents a triple layer in which the conducting polymer layer is sandwiched between Au nanoparticle layers at the top and bottom; the other exhibits a form like a raisin cake in which Au nanoparticles are homogeneously organized in the conducting polymer matrix. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology and patterning of Au?nanoparticles in the conducting polymer matrix.     

聚乙烯醇为基材的超滤膜研究进展

在详细介绍了热处理、接枝、交联、共混、杂化等PVA超滤膜制备方法的基础上,重点介绍了采用界面聚合、电纺丝等新方法制备改性PVA薄层复合超滤膜的研究进展;由于改性PVA薄层复合超滤膜优异的性能使它成为今后PVA超滤膜制备领域的一个发展方向.     

超声模板法制备纳米二氧化铈的研究

采用超声模板法结合共沸蒸馏和水热法处理前驱体成功制备出了纳米CeO2颗粒,通过TEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis等分析方法对产物形貌、结构和性能进行了表征;研究了模板剂的性质、模板剂的用量、共沸蒸馏和水热处理对纳米CeO2颗粒形态、尺寸的影响。实验结果表明,与OP-10和SDBS比较,CTAB最适合应用于制备纳米CeO2颗粒。当模板剂用量为n(CTAB)∶n(Ce(NO3)3.6H2O)=1∶2,制备出粒径约为6.1nm的球形纳米CeO2;共沸蒸馏能有效去除前驱体中的模板剂和吸附水,丁氧基的取代吸附及其空间位阻作用有利于制得分散性好、粒度分布均匀、粒径约为1.5～2.2nm的纳米CeO2颗粒;水热处理改善了纳米CeO2颗粒的晶化度,避免了高温焙烧过程时硬团聚体的生成,颗粒尺寸为2.5～3.8nm;纳米CeO2颗粒具有良好的可见光透过和优异的紫外光吸收性能。     

Biocompatibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)-hyaluronic acid and poly(vinyl alcohol)-gellan membranes crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapors

Glutaraldehyde (GTA) solutions are commonly used to crosslink biomolecules and artificial polymers in order to reduce the degradation rate and to avoid the rapid dissolution in biological fluids. The toxicity of these materials is often due to the presence of GTA residuals unremoved by washing procedures. In this study membranes of PVA-hyaluronic acid and PVA-gellan with different composition have been obtained by solution casting technique and crosslinked by exposure to vapors of GTA in acid environment. The harmful effects of GTA residuals released from the membranes have been evaluated by the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility in vitro tests, based on the cell culture method. The results showed that these materials have no toxic effects: they do not affect cell viability and proliferation, nor exert damages on mithocondrial and lysosomal functions. The poor adhesion of cells seeded directly onto membranes is due to the surface properties of these materials which are completely refractory at cell adhesion and proliferation. The use of GTA in vapor phase as crosslinking agent of natural and artificial polymer blends is demonstrated to be an efficacious procedure that avoids the presence of toxic residuals into materials.     

软模板法聚苯胺微米管的制备与表征

以同时带有亲水基(-SO3)和疏水基(-C14O14N3)而具有两性分子结构的甲基橙为掺杂剂,利用软模板法制备聚苯胺微米管,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(SEM)对制得的聚苯胺微观形貌进行表征.分别控制盐酸与苯胺的摩尔比为0.5、1.5和2.5,两者摩尔比值为0.5时得到聚苯胺不规则颗粒,两者摩尔比值为1.5和2.5时得到聚苯胺微米管.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)对聚苯胺的分子结构进行表征,结果表明产物是质子化掺杂的聚苯胺,甲基橙阴离子基团(C14O14N3SO3-)已掺杂到聚苯胺分子链中.     

Fabrication of aligned poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers by electrospinning

Electrospinning has become a versatile tool for fabricating nanofibers from materials of diverse origins. Normally, mats of randomly-aligned fibers were obtained. A number of techniques have been proposed to arrive at uniaxially-aligned fibers. This work reports a new technique, i.e., dual vertical wire technique, for fabrication of uniaxially-aligned fibers. This technique utilized two stainless steel wires that were vertically set in a parallel manner between a charged needle and a grounded collector plate. This technique allowed simultaneous collection of aligned fibers (between the parallel vertical wires) and a randomly-aligned fiber mat (on the collector plate). Application of the technique on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare uniaxially-aligned fibers was found to be successful at short collection times. Unexpected formation of a large fiber tow consisting of individual as-spun nanofibers that were bound into a bundle was observed at long collection times. Morphological appearance and size of the fiber tow was affected by the change in the distance between the two vertical wire electrodes, while the average diameter of the individual fibers was not (i.e., about 340 to 350 nm). Lastly, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the fiber tow were also investigated.