聚合物共混物相容性评价的研究进展

分别介绍了评价非晶／非晶聚合物共混物、结晶／非晶聚合物共混物、结晶／结晶聚合物共混物相容性的方法及研究进展,并对聚合物共混物相容性的评价方法作了简要的讨论。     

共混聚合物的相容性

本文讨论了共混聚合物相容性的热力学关系式及影响相容性的因素如溶度参数δ、极性、表面张力γ、结晶能力、粘度和分子量等,分子内和分子间的相互作用对相容性的影响也很大。     

共混聚合物相容性的改善方法

本文讨论了通过共聚、接枝、嵌段、互穿网络、交联、添加增容剂和改变加工条件等方法以改善共混聚合物的相容性。     

辐射增强共混物相容性的研究

研究了在多官能团单体存在下，辐射对ＰＰ／ＬＤＰＥ，ＰＳ／ＥＰＤＭ等不相容共混体系的敏化效应，并用ＳＥＭ，ＤＳＣ以及动态力学性能等对其进行了表征。结果表明，辐射敏化界在反应的方法是增强不相容聚合物共混物相界面粘接和改善其相容性的一种有效途径。     

聚合物共混相容性研究进展

介绍了聚合物共混相容性的热力学理论，讨论了相容性的实验表征方法，包括共混物形态和物性表征等，提出了改善聚合物相容性的重要途径及其进展。     

无机粒子对聚合物共混物相容性及相结构的影响

综述了无机粒子的引入对部分相容聚合物共混体系相行为和相结构演变的影响,同时介绍了无机粒子的引入对不相容聚合物共混体系热力学相容性和相结构演变(包括分散相的尺寸和形状、相转变及共连续结构的稳定性)的影响,并指出了今后研究中需要解决的一些问题。     

高分子共混物的相容性

本文讨论了高分子共混物的相容性及其与组分高分子的溶解度参数δ、极性(分子结构)、表面张力γ、结晶能力及粘度(分子量)等因素的关系。     

改善聚合物共混材料界面相容性的研究进展

本文综述了聚合物共混材料界面相容性的概念、理论基础以及改善相容性的方法和增容技术的应用，简要介绍了原住复合材料的发展趋势和正弦脉动流场从物理的角度对共混物起到了增容的作用。     

聚合物共混物的红外光谱研究

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）技术，同时将谱图进行归一化处理，通过合谱共混谱研究了氯丁橡胶（CR）／聚氯乙烯（PVC）和CR／聚苯乙烯（PS）两个二元聚合物共混体系的相容性，结果表明，CR与PVC所组成的共混物中组分矣合物红外光谱特征吸收谱带发生较大位移，表现出较强的相互作用，CR与PS所组成的共混物的红外吸收特征峰发生了较小偏移，同时特征峰形略有变化，说明有较弱的相互作用。     

胶原蛋白与壳聚糖相容性研究

将胶原蛋白与两种去乙酰度（95％,85％）的壳聚糖分别配成不同质量比的HAc共混溶液,在28℃下测定了共混液的黏度,利用Δb法则比较共混液中两种物质的相容性。结果表明在28℃的HAc溶液中,任何质量比的胶原蛋白和壳聚糖均相容,并且两者相容性不受壳聚糖去乙酰度的影响。     

聚丙烯降黏剂的应用与研究

研究了降黏剂对聚丙烯(PP)流动性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:降黏剂能够有效地提高PP的流动性,并且对PP力学性能的影响相对较小。当降黏剂的含量为2.64%时,熔体流动速率提高了100%。加入降黏剂后,PP的拉伸强度和弯曲强度降低的幅度在1~3 MPa,而冲击强度降低的幅度在1~3 kJ/m2,提高了PP的断裂伸长率。     

稠油降粘方法的作用机理及研究进展

综述了常用稠油降粘方法的作用机理及优缺点。目前常用的稠油降粘方法主要有加热降粘,掺稀降粘,降凝降粘,加表面活性剂降粘,微生物降粘,改质降粘,油溶性降粘剂降粘,加碱降粘,催化降粘等。并对以上几种方法进行对比和应用前景的展望。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Application of Poly(Acrylamide)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Polyblends

Free radical polymerization of acrylamide (Aam) in the presence of aqueous solution of three commercial grades of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), namely, Vinarol FV (containing very few acetyl groups), Mowiol 4-80 (low viscosity-partially hydrolyzed), and Vinarol STH (medium viscosity-partially hydrolyzed), using ammonium persulfate (AP) initiator resulted in three corresponding PVOH/Aam polyblends. Optimum polymerization conditions were PVOH and AP concentrations, 10% and 0.05 mol/L, respectively; Aam concentration, 50% based on the weight of PVOH; polymerization temperature and time, 70°C and 20 min, respectively; rate of stirring, 200 rpm, at which the three polyblends were prepared at very high polymerization extent ranging from 98.2 to 99.9%. Rheological properties of 10% aqueous solutions of the polyblends at 80°C were studied. The extent of film resolubility of PVOH's and their polyblends follows the descending order: Mowiol®4-80/Aam > Mowiol®4-80 > Vinarol®STH/Aam > Vinarol®STH > Vinarol®FV/Aam > Vinarol®FV. Sizing of gauzy cotton fabric with the polyblends and PVOH's showed that (1) their tensile strength follows the order: Vinarol®STH/Aam > Vinarol®STH > Mowiol®4-80/Aam > Mowiol®4-80 > Vinarol®FV/Aam > Vinarol®FV > Unsized and (2) their desizability follows the order: Mowiol®4-80/Aam > Mowiol®4-80 > Vinarol®STH/Aam > Vinarol®STH > Vinarol®FV/Aam > Vinarol®FV.     

Miscibility and Luminescence Properties of MEH-PPV/DPO-PPV Polyblends

Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and poly(2,3-diphenyl-5-octyl-p-phenylenevinylene) (DPO-PPV) are basically immiscible as verified by fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. This immiscibility results in insufficient energy transfer from DPO-PPV to MEH-PPV in photoluminescence. A vertically segregated structure with DPO-PPV green domains dispersing on the MEH-PPV-rich matrix was observed in a spin-cast film by two-photon excitation microscopy. The turn-on voltages for electroluminescence (EL) of polyblends were lower than those of their individual pristine polymers, while their EL quantum efficiencies were higher. Because both the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of MEH-PPV are higher than those of the DPO-PPV, the energy gap of the vertical heterojunction (1.98 eV) in polyblends is lower than that of the pristine MEH-PPV (2.14 eV), which is believed to result in the improved EL properties.     

关于聚砜生产中粘度连续测定法的研究

针对在聚砜生产实践中提取的质量控制问题,然决了在线的粘度连续测定的问题。该粘度连续测定法是根据粘度测定的基本原则而设计的。从理论及实验中,证明了它的可靠性。     

Miscibility study of polycarbonate and SBS triblock copolymer blends

Polymer blends of Polycarbonate (PC) and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene triblock (SBS) have been investigated. SBS copolymers have four different styrenic contents, three of which are linear SBS. PC and PS blends are partially miscible as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis with two clear Tgs near 100–150°C. On the contrary, PC/SBS blends have only one Tg with a left shoulder. Based on the PS domain model of pure SBS, we suggest a micelle model based on the structure when the micelle and absorb PC in the PC/SBS blends. The micelle plays an important role in improving the miscibility. The proposed micelle model has been empolyed to interpret the testing results, such as toughness, impact strength, dynamic mechanical property and SEM morphologies. This proposed micelle model seems a worth-while method to explain the properties of partialtly miscible blends of PC and SBS.     

聚苯乙烯与溶剂体系相容性的计算机模拟

使用推广的 Flory-Huggins理论结合 Monte Carlo法模拟聚苯乙烯与几种不同溶剂的相容性。用 Monte Carlo法从大量分子对中取样 ,计算配位数和相互作用能 ,将数据输入 Flory-Huggins格子模型中 ,估算出体系的混合自由能和相图 ,研究聚合度对聚苯乙烯与溶剂体系相容性的影响。模拟结果表明聚苯乙烯与甲苯等溶剂的相容性较好 ,与水等溶剂的相容性较差 ;随着聚苯乙烯聚合度增大 ,体系相容性变差 ;而且在聚合度较低时 ,相容性变差的程度更显著 ;以上结果与实际情况相符。     

NMP精制润滑油运动粘度测定的影响因素

对NMP精制润滑油运动粘度测定的影响因素进行研究.考察流动时间,测量温度,粘度计倾斜角度,吸油时粘度计中有无气泡,试油中有无杂质、水分等条件.结果表明,测试油品的运动粘度要按照试验方法进行测试,准确分析各种影响因素,才能保证试验结果的准确性.     

Miscibility, free volume behavior and properties of blends from cellulose acetate and castor oil-based polyurethane

A series of blend films from cellulose acetate (CA) and castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) were prepared. Morphology, miscibility, free volume behavior and properties of such blend films were investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test. The results indicated that lager free volume cavities did not form at the interface of two polymers although a certain degree of phase separation was found by the studies of SEM and DSC. Strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions at the interface, which was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, favors even better molecular packing, that is, PU dispersed in CA continuous phase to form fine microphase separation domain in the CA-rich blends. Due to such special interactions in the fine microphase separation domain structure, optimized properties of tensile strength, breaking elongation and cold-resistivity were obtained in the blend film with 75 wt% CA. The toughness of all the blend films was significantly higher than that of the film CA, owing to the plasticizing of PU elastomer in the blends.