SOLO分类理论在高三化学平衡常数复习课教学中的应用

利用SOLO分类理论对高考试题进行能力结构分析,同时对学生在2021年全国甲、乙卷和湖北卷中的作答进行分析,诊断学生在化学反应原理主观题知识模块所处的SOLO水平。对比分析出大多数学生在解答化学反应原理试题的过程中处于多点结构水平,与高考试题呈现的SOLO水平有一定的差距。经访谈分析了不同SOLO水平的学生思维能力的不足之处,制定了高三渐进式复习策略。以化学平衡常数复习课为例,利用SOLO分类理论设计了多层级能力水平的复习内容和不同轮次复习的目标。     

新课程背景下开封市高中学生化学学习自我效能感调查

以新课程背景下河南省开封市区327名高中生为被试,以《高中生化学学习自我效能感量表》为测量工具,运用SPSS16.0对数据进行统计分析,调查高中生化学学习自我效能感水平,探讨不同性别、年级以及成绩水平的高中生在化学学习自我效能感上的差异。研究结果表明：）1）高中生化学学习自我效能感水平一般;）2）高中生化学学习自我效能感存在显著的年级差异,高一学生的化学自我效能感显著低于高二、高三年级,性别差异不显著;）3）高中学生的化学学习自我效能感与化学学习成绩呈显著正相关,且不同成绩水平高中生的化学自我效能感差异显著。根据被调查高中生化学学习自我效能感水平及特点进行了讨论,并提出了一些有针对性的教育教学建议。     

SOLO分类理论在科学论证评价中的应用

基于SOLO分类理论，构建论证评价标准，以"全球变暖"作为议题，调查了广州市某中学初三至高三年级共327名学生的科学论证能力。结果表明，中学生论证能力的整体水平不高，处于单一结构与多元结构水平之间。各论证要素的得分从高到低为：证据 > 理由 > 主张 > 反证，其中证据和理由的得分均显著高于主张和反证的得分。各年级男女学生在所有论证要素的得分中没有显著性差异。证据得分，高三 > 高二 > 高一；理由得分，高三、高二>初三；主张和反证得分4个年级没有显著性差异。本研究的创新之处是将SOLO分类理论应用于科学论证评价，突破了以往论证评价框架中，仅依据论证要素是否具备及数量来评价的视角，从而深入到论证要素之间关系的考察。     

不同学生关于共价键概念表征深度的研究

以加工水平模型为基础提出了共价键概念表征的3个水平:表层水平、中等水平和深层水平。编制了相关调查问卷,对高一、高二和高三的169位学生开展了测查和定量分析,并以不同年级的部分学优生和学困生为对象展开了典型问题的定性分析,深入细致地讨论了不同类型学生在共价键表征深度方面的总体差异及在不同表征水平上的具体差异。     

高中生化学思维品质发展现状研究

运用问卷调查、测试和访谈等方法, 分析研究了江苏省部分高中生化学思维品质的发展情况。结果显示: (1)高中生化学思维品质处于中等偏下发展水平, 且思维的批判性品质和独创性品质发展水平较低;(2)化学学习兴趣与学生的化学思维品质发展水平存在显著相关;(3)化学学业成绩与学生的化学思维品质发展水平存在显著相关;(4)男女生在化学思维品质发展水平上不存在显著性差异。     

高中生原电池模型认知能力测评工具开发及其应用研究*

基于模型认知能力的内涵、原电池核心知识内容、布鲁姆教育目标分类学,构建原电池模型认知能力研究框架,设计开发测评工具。该测评工具经过试测、修正、再测、质量论证,最终确定。选取S市2所县级中学419名高中生为研究对象展开调查,基于所获得的有效数据,对高中生原电池模型认知能力水平进行分析,重点对高二、高三学生原电池模型认知能力进行了比对,依据研究结果,提出发展高中生原电池模型认知能力的建议。     

整合FLOWMAP与SOLO分类理论的化学学习评价——以“化学平衡”为例

基于FLOWMAP和SOLO分类理论对高中生“化学平衡”认知结构进行测查并评价其学习水平,研究表明：学优生的认知结构中对“化学平衡”概念内涵的认知较为清晰和丰富;学生认知结构变量（广度、丰富度）与其纸笔测试成绩呈现显著的正相关;学生对化学平衡知识体系中6个主要概念的学习水平的差异较大,尤其对“压强因素”的认知较差;学生容易忽视化学平衡常数,并且对各影响因素进行科学推理时论证的严谨性较为缺乏,认知不全面且抽象性水平不高。     

高中生对化学反应认识的测查研究

介绍了高中生关于化学反应的认识测查依据,分析了高中生关于化学反应应该建立的认识水平,依据测查结果说明了高中生的化学反应认识情况,将测查结果与学生应该具有的认识水平进行了比较分析,进而探讨了影响学生认识发展的因素,特别是证明了学生具有的化学知识不等同于具有的相关认识的假设。     

用SOLO分类理论进行必修化学教学设计的一些思考——以苏教版《化学2》“化学反应速率”为例

借助SOLO分类评价理论进行层级分析,使必修阶段化学教学可以兼顾学生基础和目标的差异;以苏教版《化学2》中"化学反应速率"为素材进行了例说。     

SOLO理论在评价复杂反应图表简答题中的应用

运用SOLO分类理论,分析学生对复杂反应图表简答题的回答,判断学生化学学习水平的层次,制作SOLO学习质量分析表。研究表明,学生学习水平以多点结构水平为主,主要原因是无法有机整体地理解复杂反应图表所表征的化学意义。据此提出从4个方向培养学生的理解能力。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.