同结构Gd~ⅢM~Ⅱ(M=Cu,Ni,Co,Fe,Mn)配合物磁性理论研究

基于DFT-BS方法,在不同泛函方法和基组下计算[Cu~ⅡGd~Ⅲ{PyCO(OEt) Py C(OH)(OEt)Py}_3]~(2+)及3d-Gd异金属双核配合物的磁耦合常数,结果表明,PBE0/TZVP(Gd为SARC-ZDRA-TZVP)水平可用于描述其磁学性质。顺磁中心Cu~Ⅱ、Gd~Ⅲ与桥联配位氧原子间存在较强的轨道相互作用,其磁轨道主要由Gd~Ⅲ的4fI_(z~3)、4f_(z(x~2-y~2))轨道、Cu~Ⅰ的3d_(x~2-y~2)轨道和桥联配位原子O的p轨道组成。顺磁中心Cu~Ⅱ离子以自旋离域作用为主,Gd~Ⅲ离子以自旋极化作用为主,顺磁中心Cu~Ⅱ自旋离域作用对桥联氧原子的影响大于顺磁中心Gd~Ⅲ的自旋极化作用。在同结构3d-Gd配合物中,随着M~Ⅱ离子未成对电子的增加,顺磁中心间ρ~2_(HS)-ρ~2_(BS)越大,顺磁中心M~Ⅱ和Gd~Ⅲ之间的反铁磁性贡献越大,其磁耦合常数越小。     

氧桥联稀土钆双核配合物磁学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论结合对称性破损态方法,选用氧桥联稀土钆双核配合物为研究对象,通过与实验值比较,探讨了不同泛函与基组对计算磁耦合常数的影响.结果表明,在B3LYP/TZV水平下(Gd为SARC-TZV),相对论效应采用DHK2方法,计算结果与实验测量值-0.022 5cm~(-1)最接近.不同体系测试结果显示,可在该水平下预测新合成稀土钆双核配合物的磁学性质.Mulliken自旋密度分析可知磁中心Gd以自旋极化为主.键级分析表明,2个磁中心之间的磁耦合作用通过桥联氧原子的超交换作用实现.分子磁轨道分析显示2个磁中心间存在较强的轨道相互作用,其磁轨道主要是由钆原子的4f_z~3,4f_z~2_x轨道和桥联氧原子的2pz轨道组成.     

酚氧/苯甲酸共配Fe~ⅢNi~Ⅱ双核配合物磁学性质理论研究

基于DFT-BS方法,在不同泛函和基组下研究酚氧/苯甲酸共配Fe~ⅢNi~Ⅱ双核配合物[Fe~Ⅲ(OBz)(L_1)Ni~Ⅱ(H_2O)(μ-OBz)]~+的磁学性质.结果表明,在B3LYP*/def2-TZVP水平下计算的磁耦合常数为0.45 cm~(-1),与实验值0.50 cm~(-1)最吻合,可准确描述其磁学性质.自旋布居分析和分子磁轨道分析显示,顺磁中心Fe~Ⅲ和Ni~Ⅱ主要为自旋离域机理.顺磁中心Fe~Ⅲ,Ni~Ⅱ与桥联配体间存在强的轨道相互作用,其磁轨道贡献主要来自顺磁中心Fe~Ⅲ的3d_(x~2-y~2)轨道/3d_(z~2)轨道/3d_(yz)轨道、Ni~Ⅱ的3d_(x~2-y~2)轨道/3d_(z~2)轨道、苯甲酸的π轨道和酚氧桥联配体O原子的p轨道.磁构关系研究表明,随Fe—O—Ni键角θ的增大,顺磁中心Fe~Ⅲ和Ni~Ⅱ自旋密度减小,其顺磁中心间的磁耦合常数减小,当Fe—O—Ni键角θ95.69°时,顺磁中心间的磁相互作用由铁磁性相互作用向反铁磁性相互作用转变.     

吡唑/草酸根混合配位的非对称双核铜配合物磁性的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论结合对称性破损态方法,选择不同的泛函方法和基组研究吡唑/草酸根混合配位的非对称双核铜配合物的磁学性质。结果表明,在B3LYP/def2-TZVP水平计算的磁耦合常数为-127.24cm~(-1),与实验值-129cm~(-1)基本吻合,可准确描述吡唑/草酸根混合配位的非对称双核铜配合物的磁学性质。磁轨道和自旋布居分析表明,顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)与桥联配体草酸根离子间存在较强的轨道相互作用,其磁轨道主要由顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)的3d_x2_(-y)2轨道、桥联配体草酸根离子的π键组成,顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)主要是自旋离域机理。配合物磁性与结构关系的研究表明,随着结构参数τ的增加,顺磁中心HS态和BS态自旋密度的平方差和自然磁轨道间重叠积分的平方随之增大,反铁磁性相互作用的贡献增大,配合物磁耦合常数J值减小。     

同结构GdIIIMII(M=Cu，Ni，Co，Fe，Mn)配合物磁性理论研究

基于DFT-BS方法,在不同泛函方法和基组下计算[CuIIGdIII{pyCO(OEt)py C(OH)(OEt)py}3]2+及3d-Gd异金属配合物的磁耦合常数,结果表明,PBE0/TZVP(Gd为SARC-DKH-TZVP)水平可用于描述其磁学性质。顺磁中心CuII、GdIII与桥联配位氧原子间存在较强的轨道相互作用,其磁轨道主要由GdIII的4fz3、4fz(x2-y2)轨道、CuII的3dx2-y2轨道和桥联配位原子O的p轨道组成。顺磁中心CuII离子以自旋离域作用为主,GdIII离子以自旋极化作用为主,顺磁中心CuII自旋离域作用对桥联氧原子的影响大于顺磁中心GdIII的自旋极化作用。在同结构3d-Gd配合物中,随着MII离子未成对电子的增加,顺磁中心间自旋密度平方差越大,顺磁中心MII和GdIII之间的反铁磁性贡献越大,其磁耦合常数越小。     

羧酸桥对反铁磁性EO叠氮铜双核配合物磁性影响的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论结合对称性破损态(DFT-BS)方法,运用不同的密度泛函和基组对反铁磁性EO叠氮铜双核配合物[Cu2(dmpe)2(μ1,1-N3)2(CH3COO)]+的磁性质进行研究.结果显示,杂化泛函计算的结果与实验数据非常吻合,能够准确描述反铁磁性EO叠氮铜双核配合物的磁性质.磁轨道分析表明,配合物中存在3个磁通道(2个叠氮桥、1个羧酸桥),磁通道中N原子、O原子与顺磁中心二价铜离子间都存在p d轨道重叠,对体系反铁磁性耦合相互作用都有贡献.从自旋布居分布角度来看,该配合物中顺磁中心间主要是自旋离域作用.配合物中羧酸桥传递强反铁磁性相互作用,使得顺磁中心间磁轨道的重叠增加,体系的反铁磁性相互作用增强.     

甲酸根桥联双核铜配合物磁学性质理论研究

基于DFT-BS方法,选择不同的泛函方法和基组,研究anti,anti甲酸桥联双核铜配合物的磁学性质.结果表明,在B3P86/TZV水平计算得到顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)离子间磁耦合常数为-55.63 cm^-1,与实验值-55.60 cm^-1最接近,可准确描述甲酸桥联双核铜配合物的磁学性质.顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)与甲酸根桥联配体间有较强的轨道作用,其磁轨道主要来源于Cu(Ⅱ)离子的3dyz轨道、桥联配体甲酸根离子的离域π键,顺磁中心Cu(Ⅱ)离子为自旋离域机理.在不同桥联模式的甲酸桥联双核铜配合物中,随顺磁中心Cu(1)自旋密度增加,Cu(Ⅱ)离子间的反铁磁性贡献逐渐增加,其磁耦合常数J值逐渐减小.     

磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的BS-DFT理论研究

基于对称性破损态方法结合密度泛函理论,运用不同方法和基组,对典型的μ1,1-N3铁磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物[L1 Ni_2(N_3)](NO_3)2(1)和μ1,3-N3反铁磁性双核Ni(Ⅱ)配合物[L_2Ni_2(N_3)](ClO_4)_2(2)的磁性进行了研究.结果表明,杂化密度泛函方法能够准确描述2个配合物的磁特性,计算结果与实验值吻合很好.配合物1中单占据分子轨道(SOMOs)能量劈裂较小,表现为近简并,有利于铁磁耦合相互作用;配合物2中SOMOs能量劈裂较大,导致反铁磁性相互作用.配合物1中存在2条磁通道,其中pyrazolate配体的N原子间存在p轨道重叠,有利于反铁磁相互作用,叠氮基和金属Ni中心之间为正交磁轨道,有利于铁磁相互作用,2个磁通道作用的总结果使得体系宏观上显示为弱铁磁性;配合物2中,2条磁通道的配体pyrazolate和叠氮基中的N原子之间都存在p轨道重叠,导致反铁磁耦合.     

叠氮/吡啶苯甲酸氮氧化物共配叠氮铜配合物磁学性质理论研究

基于DFT-BS方法,采用不同泛函和基组研究了叠氮/吡啶苯甲酸氮氧化物共配叠氮铜配合物[Cu（4,3-opybz）(μ-N₃)]_n的磁学性质.结果表明,在B3P86/TZVP水平下计算的磁耦合常数(48.20 cm^-1)与实验值(49.70 cm^-1)最吻合,可准确描述其磁学性质.磁轨道分析表明,Cu（Ⅱ）离子的未成对电子主要集中在3d_x²-y²轨道上.顺磁中心与桥联配体间存在强轨道相互作用,其磁轨道主要来源于顺磁中心Cu（1）和Cu（2）的3d_x²-y²轨道、吡啶苯甲酸氮氧化物桥联配体羧酸根离子的离域π键和叠氮配体的p轨道.顺磁中心Cu（Ⅱ）主要是自旋离域机理,顺磁中心的自旋离域作用使得与其配位的原子获得了少量的自旋电子.     

草酸根桥联双核铜(Ⅱ)体系的磁耦合机理

应用密度泛函理论,采用对称性破损方法分析了草酸根桥联双核铜(Ⅱ)体系的磁耦合机理。在该双核体系中,两铜(Ⅱ)原子的自旋布居大小相等,符号相反,磁中心间的作用为反铁磁耦合。草酸根桥配体向磁中心的电子转移使得铜(Ⅱ)原子的自旋显著离域,这种离域有利于反铁磁耦合,草酸根桥配体中的碳原子上出现自旋极化。当铜(Ⅱ)原子的配位环境由平面四方形向四面体或四方锥变化时,反铁磁耦合的强度减弱。体系的沿前轨道主要由铜(Ⅱ)原子d轨道和配体原子p轨道构成,这种构成利于草酸根桥配体与磁中心之间的电子转移。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.