离子束辐照的碳纳米管及其物性研究

离子束辐照通常被认为导致材料产生缺陷, 形成无序结构, 从而破坏材料的性能。 但是, 最近利用离子束辐照碳纳米管的实验显示离子束辐照碳纳米管形成无定形的过程不能用传统的离子束辐照材料的机制来解释, 离子束辐照可导致碳纳米管形成一些自组装结构, 如无定形碳纳米结和碳纳米管连接结等。 研究还发现离子束辐照的碳纳米管薄膜在导电性和场发射性能方面都能得到明显的增强。 Ion beam irradiation is usually thought to induce defects and disordered structures in materials and then to destroy the properties of the materials. However, our recent experiments about the ion beam irradiation on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) indicate that the ion beam modification mechanism of CNTs is completely different from traditional one of bulk materials, and ion beam irradiation can lead to self organized structures in CNTs, such as amorphous junctions and CNT junctions. Moreover, the irradiated CNTs exhibit a improved conductivity and an enhanced field emission.     

重离子束辐照对荷颊囊癌金黄地鼠血清微量元素的影响

探讨了重离子束辐照后荷颊囊癌金黄地鼠血清中微量元素含量的变化趋势。采用0, 4, 6, 8和12 Gy剂量的12C6+ 离子束对荷颊囊癌金黄地鼠辐照治疗后28 d取血, 应用原子吸收光谱仪火焰法测定血清中Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg和Ca 5种微量元素的含量。金黄地鼠成瘤后, 血清中微量Cu, Zn, Ca和Mg元素含量下降, 均明显低于正常组（P<0.05）; 不同剂量的重离子束辐照后28 d, 血清中5种微量元素在低剂量时均呈现继续下降趋势, 在6或8 Gy时恢复到正常组水平, 到12 Gy再呈降低的趋势, 存在一定的剂量-反应关系。重离子束辐照影响荷颊囊癌金地鼠血清微量元素的含量, 具有一定的临床意义。 To study the trend of the changes of trace elements in serum of golden hamster with cheek pouch carcinoma after irradiation by heavy ion beam, the cheek pouch carcinoma of golden hamster was exposed to different doses of heavy ion beam, after 4 weeks, the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Ca in serum were detected by flame method of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The contents of Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg in experimental groups with cheek pouch carcinoma were significantly lower than that of the normal group (P<0.05). After irradiated by 0, 4, 6, 8, 12 Gy heavy ion beam, the 4 Gy group showed a tendency downward, when the irradiation dose reached 6 Gy, the contents of Fe, Zn were increased, and decreased at 12 Gy. While Cu, Ca and Mg content of 8 Gy group rose to the highest, and decreased at 12 Gy. All of the results showed a dose reaction relationship (P<0.05). The irradiation of heavy ion beam maybe significantly affect the content of trace elements in serum of golden hamster with cheek pouch carcinoma.     

Copper Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Effects on Structural,Morphological and Optical Properties of Tin Dioxide Nanowires

The 0.8 MeV copper(Cu) ion beam irradiation-induced effects on structural,morphological and optical properties of tin dioxide nanowires(SnO_2 NWs) are investigated.The samples are irradiated at three different doses5 × 10~(12) ions/cm~2,1 × 10~(13) ions/cm~2 and 5 × 10~(13) ions/cm~2 at room temperature.The XRD analysis shows that the tetragonal phase of SnO_2 NWs remains stable after Cu ion irradiation,but with increasing irradiation dose level the crystal size increases due to ion beam induced coalescence of NWs.The FTIR spectra of pristine SnO_2NWs exhibit the chemical composition of SnO_2 while the Cu-O bond is also observed in the FTIR spectra after Cu ion beam irradiation.The presence of Cu impurity in SnO_2 is further confirmed by calculating the stopping range of Cu ions by using TRM/SRIM code.Optical properties of SnO_2 NWs are studied before and after Cu ion irradiation.Band gap analysis reveals that the band gap of irradiated samples is found to decrease compared with the pristine sample.Therefore,ion beam irradiation is a promising technology for nanoengineering and band gap tailoring.     

碳离子辐射诱导秀丽隐杆线虫生殖细胞凋亡研究

重离子辐射具有独特的深度剂量分布和较高的相对生物学效应,被认为是理想的放疗手段。重离子的生物学效应在径迹形成过程中由多个物理参量共同决定,而这些物理参量和离子入射深度紧密相关,因此明确离子不同入射深度的生物学效应对重离子肿瘤放疗方案的设计和优化有着重要的理论和应用价值。使用兰州重离子研究装置HIRFL-CSRe 终端的碳离子束作为辐射源,以活体模式动物线虫作为实验对象,以线虫生殖细胞的凋亡水平作为生物学检测终点,研究了10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在辐射的入口、坪区和峰区的当代生物学效应和对后代个体基因组不稳定性的影响。结果表明:10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在三个不同的辐照区域内均显著增加了辐射当代的线虫生殖腺细胞的凋亡水平,并表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量依赖性。同时,辐射诱导的后代个体基因组不稳定性也表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量相关性。Heavy ion irradiation is a perfect means in radio-therapy due to its special depth dose distribution and high relative biological effects. The biological effects of heavy ion irradiation are determined by some major physical parameters, and vary along the tracks of heavy ions. Therefore, it is very significant for the tumor radio-therapy to investigate the biological effects along whole range of heavy ion radiation. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans, a model in vivo, was irradiated by carbon ion beams from HCRFL-CSRe, The level of germ cell apoptosis of worms was used as a checking endpoint for DNA damage, the effects of carbon irradiation located in the entrance, plateau and peak regions on the genomic instability of the irradiated worm and their progeny were detected. The results showed that the 10 and 20 Gy of carbon ion radiations led to the increased germ cell apoptosis in irradiated worms and these effects depend on the worm location along the range of carbon ions and the irradiation dosage. The results also suggested that heavy ion irradiation induced the up-regulated genomic instability in their progeny, and might be related to both the irradiation dose and the irradiated location.     

大分割碳离子放射治疗中相对生物学效应与剂量依赖关系的研究

应用碳离子束进行大分割放射治疗从而缩短治疗周期是碳离子束治疗的优势之一。为研究大分割放疗增加单次照射剂量后,碳离子束相对生物学效应（RBE）的变化,应用细胞存活线性平方（LQ）模型推导出RBE与剂量的依赖关系。基于此关系研究了具有不同辐射敏感性的肿瘤细胞和正常组织细胞RBE随剂量的变化。结果表明,在0~20 Gy范围内,不论肿瘤细胞与正常组织细胞具有怎样的辐射敏感性,肿瘤细胞的RBE值始终大于正常组织细胞。此外,基于理论推导和对相关实验数据的分析,证实了RBE随剂量增加而递增现象的存在。这些结果对应用碳离子束进行大分割放射治疗具有重要的指导作用。Short treatment course due to the suitability of hypofractionated regimen for carbon ion beam is one of the advantages of carbon ion radiotherapy. To study the dependence of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) on dose, the relationship between RBE and dose was deduced through the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. Based on the relationship, the change of RBE of tumor cells and normal tissue cells with different radiosensitivities with dose was studied. The results showed that the RBE value of tumor cells was always greater than that of normal tissue cells in the dose range of 0~20 Gy, regardless of the radiosensitivity of tumor and normal tissue cells. In addition, based on theoretical deduction and analysis of the relevant experimental data, the existence of RBE increase with increasing dose was verified. These results are of great significance for conducting hypofractionated radiotherapy with carbon ion beam.     

Research on ZrO2 Thermal Barrier Coatings Modified by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

We report a modification method for ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） by high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） irradiation. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution models of the ion beam density detected by Faraday cup in the chamber and the ions accelerating voltage, the energy deposition of the beam ions in ZrO2 is calculated by Monte Carlo method. Taking this time-dependent nonlinear deposited energy as the source term of two-dimensional thermal conduction equation, we obtain the temporal and spatial ablation process of ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings during a pulse time. The top-layer TBC material in thickness of about 0.2 μm is ablated by vaporization and the coating in thickness of 1 μm is melted after one shot at the ion current density of 200 A/cm^2. This calculation is in reasonable agreement with those measured by HIPIB irradiation experiments. The melted top coat becoming a dense modification layer due to HIPIB irradiation seals the gaps among ZrO2 crystal dusters, and hence barrels the direct tunnel of oxygen.     

HIRFL的辐照治癌终端

为了进行重离子束流的肿瘤治疗和生物效应的研究,HIRFL正在建造一个辐照治癌终端.主要介绍了该终端的束流制备方法和束流线的布局、性能参数和束流光学设计计算结果. A new experimental terminal is being constructed at HIRFL for research program of proton and heavy ion therapies and irradiation effects of living things . The beam preparation method and the layout, performance and beam optics calculation of the beam line are presented.     

High-Temperature Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ Josephson Junction Fabricated with a Focused Helium Ion Beam

As a newly developed method for fabricating Josephson junctions, a focused helium ion beam has the advantage of producing reliable and reproducible junctions. We fabricated Josephson junctions with a focused helium ion beam on our 50 nm YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ（YBCO） thin films. We focused on the junction with irradiation doses ranging from 100 to 300 ions/nm and demonstrated that the junction barrier can be modulated by the ion dose and that within this dose range, the junct...     

加速器-电子显微镜联机进行材料科学研究的新进展

离子或电子辐照引起的材料微结构演变是一个非常复杂的过程.用加速器 电子显微镜联机装置可原位观察载能离子束辐照及辐照后退火引起的材料微结构演变,并确定相应的辐照条件.介绍了近10年来国际上利用加速器 电子显微镜联机装置开展材料科学研究的最新进展.Ion beam or electron beam irradiation will lead to the change of material microstructure. By the use of facilities composed of an electron microscope and ion accelerator(s), the microstructure evolvement in material can be in situ studied during the irradiation and following annealing processes. The facilities have been widely used to study many kinds of materials, e.g. metal, alloy, ceramic materials and semiconductor, in the past twenty years. In this paper the development of the Accelerator and Electron ...     

重离子束用于肿瘤放射治疗的基础理论

通过与低传能线密度辐射治疗对比分析建立了重离子束肿瘤放射治疗的基础理论,提出了一些提高重离子束放射治疗疗效和减少对正常组织损伤的技术措施,旨在为已开展的重离子治癌临床研究提供理论依据． The basic theory of tumor radiotherapy with heavy ion beam was introduced in contrast to low LET irradiation therapy. Some useful methods are also suggested to improve the curative effect of heavy ion therapy and to spare the normal tissue around the tumor.     

~(12)C~(6+)离子束与电子束辐照对薰衣草当代诱变效应的比较

采用100 MeV的~(12)C~(6+)离子束和1.2 MeV的电子束辐照薰衣草干种子,研究了2个品种的薰衣草干种子对不同辐射源的辐照生物学效应,以期找到薰衣草干种子的最佳诱变参数。结果表明:不论是薰衣草701还是702,经~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照后,其发芽率表现为先增大后减小的趋势;经电子束辐照后,发芽率随着剂量的升高而降低,电子束辐照后的发芽率要低于~(12)C~(6+)离子束。另外,2个品种的薰衣草经~(12)C~+离子辐照后,其胚轴胚根长度以及幼苗鲜重也较电子束辐照后的大。由此可知,重离子的辐照效果优于电子束的,有利于后期筛选出新的薰衣草突变株。     

和厚朴酚对非小细胞肺癌细胞的辐射增敏效应

研究了和厚朴酚（HNK）对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞系A549和H1299对低线性能量转移（LET） X射线和高LET碳离子的辐射增敏效应。首先用CCK-8检测了HNK对A549和H1299细胞的生长抑制情况,发现20 μmol/L的HNK处理对细胞的生长抑制作用较弱。用该浓度HNK预处理细胞2 h后给予不同剂量X射线或碳离子的照射,克隆存活法检测细胞的辐射敏感性,Annexin-PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,γH2AX焦点法检测DNA的双链断裂（DSB）损伤。实验结果显示:与X射线相比,NSCLC细胞对碳离子更敏感,HNK预处理仅对碳离子照射有辐射增敏作用;与碳离子单独照射相比,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射诱导了更明显的细胞凋亡;在照射后24 h,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射引起的细胞γH2AX焦点阳性率维持在较高水平,而X射线照射没有这些效应。实验结果表明,HNK预处理抑制了NSCLC细胞DNA的DSB修复,诱导了细胞凋亡的发生,从而提高了细胞对碳离子的辐射敏感性。The radiosensitizing effect of Honokiol (HNK) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299 to low-linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon ions was investigated in this study. First, the inhibitory effects of HNK on the growth of A549 and H1299 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, and 20 μmol/L HNK treatment was found to induce a growth inhibitory effect slightly in these two cell lines. Cells were pre-treated with HNK and then irradiated with X-rays and carbon ions of different doses. Cellular radiosensitivity, apoptosis and DNA damage were analyzed by clonogenic survival, Annexin-PI staining and γH2AX foci, respectively. The results showed the cells were more sensitive to carbon ion irradiation compared to X-rays and the radiosensitization of HNK was only observed after carbon ion irradiation. Furthermore, the co-treatment led to higher apoptosis rate 48 h after irradiation and increased the positive rate of γH2AX foci 24 h after irradiation in A549 and H1299 cells compared with those in the groups treated with carbon ion irradiation alone. These phenomena were not observed after X-ray irradiation. Our data suggest that the pre-treatment with HNK inhibited DNA DSB repair, induced apoptosis and then enhanced the cellular radiosensitivity to carbon ions in NSCLC cells.     

碳离子在不同材料叶片的多叶光栅上产生的次级粒子研究

在碳离子放射治疗中，碳离子束与治疗头设备和患者身体相互作用产生的次级粒子可以到达患者体内的许多区域，在产生的次级粒子中以中子和$\gamma $射线的产额为最大。在不影响束流配送功能的情况下，减少碳离子放疗中产生的次级中子和$\gamma $射线对于降低放疗后出现的正常组织并发症及二次肿瘤风险有着非常重要的意义。本文利用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法模拟计算了被动式束流配送系统下，400 MeV/u碳离子束照射到由不同材料叶片构成的多叶光栅(MLC)形成典型的10 cm×10 cm方形射野时，在水模体中产生的次级中子和$\gamma $射线所沉积的剂量及空间分布等。模拟结果显示:碳离子束通过MLC形成射野后在水模体中产生的次级中子主要分布在水模体的入射端，次级$\gamma $射线较为均匀的分布在整个水模体内，且较多分布在具有展宽Bragg峰(SOBP)射野在水模体中贯穿时的坪区。对于MLC叶片材料的选择，则需根据实际情况对叶片厚度以及次级粒子当量剂量的要求来确定。本文通过模拟研究不同MLC叶片材料产生次级粒子的情况，为被动式束流配送系统中MLC叶片及其他元件的材料选择提供了科学依据。     

碳离子辐照对人肺癌细胞A549细胞周期进程的影响

选取对数生长期人肺癌细胞A549接受0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射， 用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活率； 并于照射后12和24 h收集细胞， 用流式细胞术检测细胞周期各时相的细胞百分比， 观察不同剂量碳离子辐照对A549细胞周期进程的影响。 结果显示: 0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射后细胞存活率显著下降； 照射后12 h细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞， 而照射后24 h， 1.0 Gy 照射组细胞在G0/G1期阻滞， 2.0—6.0 Gy 照射组细胞在G2/M期阻滞。 上述结果表明， 在A549细胞接受碳离子照射后的12 和24 h内， 1.0 Gy 照射可持续激活细胞G1期检查点， 而2.0—6.0 Gy 碳离子照射后其细胞周期进程是随时间变化的。 To investigate the effects of cell cycle progression of A549 cell induced by 12C6+ ion irradiation at different doses, the survival fractions of the A549 cells were determined by colony forming assay; cell cycles were analyzed by FACS at 12 h or 24 h after irradiation. The results showed that the percentage of survival in the A549 cells decreased with irradiation doses. Compared with control group， the percentage of the cells in G0/G1 phase significantly increased at 12 h after irradiation with different doses of 12C6+ ions. However， at 24 h after irradiation the percentage of the cells in G0/G1 phase significantly increased with 1.0 Gy 12C6+ ions， while the cells showed increasing percentage in G2/M phase with 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 Gy 12C6+ ions. The results suggested that G1 cell cycle checkpoint was activated in 12—24 h after irradiation with 1.0 Gy 12C6+ ions， but after irradiation with 2.0—6.0 Gy 12C6+ ions， the cell cycle progression of the A549 cells changed with time.     

内质网应激对碳离子辐照宫颈癌HeLa 细胞的影响

利用不同剂量的碳离子辐照二硫苏糖醇(2.5 mmol/L) 预处理的HeLa 细胞,探讨了内质网应激反应对碳离子辐照宫颈癌HeLa 细胞的影响。实验发现:与单独辐照组相比,二硫苏糖醇联合碳离子辐照后细胞的存活率下降,而凋亡率增加;二硫苏糖醇联合碳离子辐照加重了碳离子辐照引起的细胞周期阻滞;且联合辐照组的自噬被明显激活。结果表明,持续的内质网应激可改变宫颈癌HeLa 细胞对碳离子辐照反应,且二硫苏糖醇可能通过影响HeLa 细胞的自噬性细胞死亡通路发挥作用。To investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on HeLa cells to 12C6+ ion irradiation,HeLa cells were pretreated with 2.5 mmol/L dithiothreitol and irradiated by 12C6+ ions with different doses.The results showed that, compared with IR alone, dithiothreitol combined with carbon ion irradiation caused HeLa cell survival decreased, and the apoptosis increased. Moreover, dithiothreitol and carbon ion radiation combination treatment led to a significant increase of G2/M phase, and autophagy was activated obviously in combination treatment group. The results imply that continuous endoplasmic reticulum stress can change the response of HeLa cells to 12C6+ irradiation, and dithiothreitol may affect HeLa cells through the autophagy cell death pathway.     

Optical and electrical properties of swift heavy ion beam-irradiated polycarbonate/polystyrene bilayer films

Polycarbonate/polystyrene bilayer films prepared by solvent-casting method were irradiated with 55 MeV carbon ion beam at different fluences ranging from 1×10¹¹ to 1×10¹³ ions cm^?2. The structural, optical, surface morphology and dielectric properties of these films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy and dielectric measurements. The XRD pattern shows that the percentage of crystallinity decreases while inter-chain separations increase with ion fluence. UV–visible spectroscopy shows that the energy band gap decreases and the number of carbon atoms in nanoclusters increase with the increase in ion fluences. The refractive index is also found to decrease with the increase in the ion fluence. Optical microscopy shows that after irradiation polymeric bilayer films color changes with ion fluences. The FTIR spectra evidenced a very small change in cross-linking and chain scissoring at high fluence. Dielectric constant decreases while dielectric loss and AC conductivity increase with ion fluences.     

酵母β-葡聚糖对C离子辐射损伤小鼠免疫系统的防护作用

用12C6+离子束对小鼠进行一次性全身辐照, 检测不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖对12C6+辐射损伤小鼠免疫系统的防护作用。 辐照后观察小鼠的体重、 毛色及行为变化, 照后第2天和第7天检测小鼠外周血中白细胞含量, 照后第8天检测小鼠胸腺和脾脏内SOD, GSH PX活性和MDA含量。 实验结果表明, 给予酵母β 葡聚糖能减缓辐照引起的小鼠体重急剧下降, 增加小鼠外周血中白细胞含量,不同程度地恢复胸腺和脾脏SOD和GSH PX活性, 降低胸腺和脾脏MDA含量。 表明酵母β-葡聚糖对12C6+引起的小鼠辐射损伤具有防护作用。 To detect Yeast β-glucan’s protective effect on mice’s immune system after C ion beam radiation, mice were used as the test model. We observed the weight, hair color and behavior of mice everyday within a 7 d period of time after irradiation. Meanwhile, the content of white blood cell, on the 2nd and 7th day after irradiation was detected. We detected the thymus and spleen SOD, GSH PX activity and MDA content of the mice on the 8th day. The results showed that yeast β glucan could reduce the rapid weight loss of mice, increase white blood cell content, increase thymus and spleen SOD, GSH PX activity, decrease MDA content of thymus and spleen. These results indicate that yeast β glucan can protect mice’s immune system against C ion beam radiation damage.     

Ion beam induced crystal-edge nanoclusters at the origin of poly(ethylene glycol) film stabilization

PEG films stabilized by noble gas ion beam irradiation showed characteristic clustering at the crystal edges. These structures appear in determined ion beam conditions after exposure to Ar and Kr ions. Atomic force microscopy exploration indicates that, rather than presenting drastic topographic features, the nanostructures show radically different elastic properties. Within the concerned set of ion beam conditions, the surface properties are observed to vary according to the absorbed energy as suggested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. These analyses predict that Ar irradiation in the 500-600 V extraction potential range is an appropriate condition for PEG stabilization.