PTPD/Alq3异质结电致发光二极管及其稳定性

采用新型的空穴传输材料三苯基二胺衍生物聚合物（PTPD）制成了ITO（氧化铟锡）／PTPD／Alq3（8-羟基喹啉铝）／Mg：Ag异质结电致发光器件，考察了其电致发光特性．结果表明，当Alq3厚度很薄（小于或等于10nm）时，器件仅为PTPD层特征发光；当Alq3厚度达到50nm时，器件仅为Alq3层特征发光．将所制得的器件与典型的ITO／TPD／Alq3／Mg：Ag器件进行了比较，发现稳定性明显提高，其原因是盯PD的热稳定性高、成膜质量好．     

多三苯胺取代咔唑、氧芴、硫芴空穴传输性能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了多三苯胺取代咔唑、氧芴及硫芴三类化合物(TnC、TnDF、TnDT,n=1~4)的结构和光电性质.结果表明,芳香环中杂原子N、O、S的影响相对较小,三类化合物的结构、电化学及光学性质主要取决于三苯胺取代基的数目,即取代基数目增加,热稳定性增强,空穴传输性能提高,吸收光谱和发射光谱红移.计算发现,设计的化合物T4DF和T4DT与T4C类似,其热稳定性和空穴传输性能优于常用材料N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二(1-萘基)-(1,1-联苯基)-4,4'-二胺(NPB)和N,N'-二(3-甲苯基)-N,N'-二(苯基)联苯胺(TPD),有望成为空穴传输型材料.     

TPD的传输与发光性质

研究了三苯基二胺（TPD）在电致发光中的传输与发光性质。观察到真空积淀的TDP薄膜光谱的达维道夫（Davydov）劈裂,用原子力显微镜（AFM）比较了退火前后TPD薄膜的表面形貌,测定了退火后TPD单层EL器件所发射的光谱,分析了在双层EL器件中TPD的电荷传输作用,从而证明了双层界面上电子空穴的复合得到增强。     

高聚物作为空穴传输材料的研究

有机电致发光一直是学术界的一个研究热点。其核心材料主要包括发光材料，电子传输材料和空穴传输材料。介绍了高聚物空穴传输材料的研究进展情况，探讨了高聚物空穴传输材料的分子结构与器件性能的关系。     

具有异质结的聚合物有机薄膜电致发光器件

本文报道了由一层电子传输材料ＰＰＱ和一层空穴传输材料ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的有机聚合物异常结发光二极管的实验结果。虽然双层器件的点亮电压高于由纯ＰＤＤＯＰＶ构成的单层器件,但是它在一定电压下,电流密度降低了一个数量级,而亮度却提高了近两个数量级。     

一种含叔丁基的螺二芴类空穴传输材料的制备及性能表征

以一端含有叔丁基的二氨基螺二芴化合物为起始原料,经过桑德迈尔反应与Ullman反应,制备出一种螺二芴类空穴传输材料,玻璃化温度高于320℃,远高于目前广泛使用的空穴传输材料(NPB).目标分子用作电致磷光器件中的空穴传输层,所得到的器件与传统的器件(以NPB为空穴传输层)相比,其能量效率、电流效率和外量子效率等性能更为优越.且由于具有高的三线态能级,器件中不需要插入第二空穴传输层4,4',4″-三-(N-咔唑基)-三苯基胺(TCTA),提高了器件的效率,降低了器件的制作成本.作为有机电致发光(OLED)器件的空穴传输材料,其有望取代目前广泛使用的NPB,特别在有机电致磷光领域具有良好的实用前景.     

吡啶肼类衍生物在有机电致发光器件中的应用

有机电致发光材料的电子传输材料研究远落后于该领域的其他材料,需要开发出新型的电子传输材料,提高电子传输效率,改善器件性能.以合成的Pybispy和Pybisqu作为电子传输材料,制作了结构为玻璃基板/ITO阳极/空穴传输层/发光层/电子传输层/电子注入层/铝电极的有机电致发光器件,探讨了它们在有机电致发光器件中的性能,Pybispy和Pybisqu作为电子传输材料器件的最大发光亮度分别达到了218和5 980 cd/m2.结果显示该系列化合物具有电子传输性能,可应用于有机电致发光器件中的电子传输材料.     

单一白色发光层的OLED制备与发光性能研究

研制了两种类型单一白色发光层的有机电致发光器件(OLED),即小分子Zn(BTZ)2的掺杂型器件：ITO／PVK：TPD／Zn(BTZ)2：Rubrene／Al和聚合物LPPP的混合型器件：ITO／混合型发光层／Al,获得了较高的器件亮度和发光效率,且色坐标均非常接近于白色等能点,进而对上述器件的发光和电学性能进行了初步研究。     

DCJTB掺杂浓度对有机电致白光器件性能的影响

通过改变红色荧光材料DCJTB的掺杂浓度设计了四个不同结构的器件,当DCJTB的掺杂浓度为0.8%时,平衡了器件中电子和空穴的传输能力,使载流子复合形成激子的几率增加,即使载流子的传输能力最优,又有效地抑制了器件的荧光淬灭效应,提高了器件的性能,器件的最大亮度为8 898 cd/cm2,最大效率为1.7 cd/A。     

可溶性聚合物薄膜发光器件的电致发光

采用脱氯化氢反应合成出氯仿可溶性的ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ聚合物,用ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ作为发光材料制备了单层结构ＩＴＯ／ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ／Ａｌ和双层结构ＩＴＯ／ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ／Ａｌｑ３／Ａｌ电致发光器件,测量了器件的电致发光谱、Ｉ－Ｖ特性和Ｂ－Ｖ特性,利用能级理论分析了器件的发光特性了随器件结构的不同所具有的规律,实验表明,单层结构器件和双层结构器件的发光出现在ＭＥＨ－ＰＰＶ层,当加入Ａｌｑ３电子传输层／空穴阻挡     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-