妇科腹腔镜手术中泌尿系损伤的临床特点及处理

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术发生泌尿系损伤的主要原因、诊断、治疗方法及预防措施。方法:回顾分析2004年5月至2010年12月妇科腹腔镜手术发生泌尿系损伤患者的临床资料,总结分析患者疾病类型、盆腔情况、手术方式、损伤特点、诊疗情况及预后等。泌尿系损伤均经泌尿科手术治疗。结果:2 138例妇科腹腔镜手术中,共发生输尿管损伤7例,膀胱损伤2例,总泌尿系损伤率0.42%。经泌尿科手术,预后良好。结论:泌尿系损伤是妇科腹腔镜手术较严重的并发症,术者需高度警惕,术后注意观察,一旦出现术后腹痛、腹胀、恶心呕吐、发热、阴道流液、腹膜炎等症状时,应及时进行相关检查,及时处理,治疗以手术为主。     

腹腔镜胰腺手术常见并发症分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胰腺手术的常见并发症及其防治。方法:回顾分析2003年3月至2010年3月为56例患者施行腹腔镜胰腺手术的临床资料。2例未找到病灶而终止手术,54例完成手术,其中完全腹腔镜手术46例,中转开腹8例。手术方式包括肿瘤局部切除术25例,胰体尾、脾切除术23例(保留脾脏7例),保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术1例,真性囊肿开窗引流术3例,假性囊肿空肠吻合术2例(联合肝左外叶切除),联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术4例。结果:术中并发症包括中转开腹8例及脾静脉破裂出血2例。术后并发症包括2次手术3例,胰瘘19例。19例胰瘘包括A级12例,B级3例,C级4例,均经非手术方法治愈。术后住院4～31d,平均(10.5±6.2)d。结论:腹腔镜胰腺手术并发症发生率较高,其中出血和胰瘘是最常见的并发症。选择适当的手术方法可降低其发生率,术后早期发现和正确处理胰瘘可预防腹腔感染和继发出血。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中消化道损伤原因及对策

目的;探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,LC)中消化道损伤的原因,预防措施及处理方法。方法：回顾分析1991年9月－2001年9月我院10000例LC术中消化道损伤的原因及处理方法。探讨其预防措施及处理成功的经验。结果;本组病例共5例消化道损伤（占0．05％）,其中胃窦部损伤,十二指肠球部损伤及回肠损伤各1例,空肠损伤2例。术中发现3例,当即中转开腹行损伤脏器修补术,术后18小时及5天因急性腹膜炎发现各1例,再次剖腹探查行损伤脏器修补及腹腔引流术。全部患者均痊愈出院,无严重并发症出现。结论：LC术中气腹针盲穿,锐利器械暴力插入腹腔盲区,电凝钩反弹是致消化道损伤的主要原因;LC术后出现急性弥漫性腹膜炎症状,考虑到消化道损伤并恰当处理是改善患者预后的关键。     

后腹腔镜手术并发症原因分析

目的 分析后腹腔镜手术并发症发生原因,探讨预防和处理手术并发症的有效方法.方法 2000年6月至2006年12月施行后腹膜腔镜手术1560例.男871例,女689例.肾切除741例(肾癌根治术448例、肾输尿管全长切除术258例、单纯肾切除35例),肾部分切除35例、肾上腺肿瘤切除术469例、肾盂成形术36例、肾囊肿去顶术268例、输尿管切开取石术10例、乳糜尿肾周分离术1例.按术中有无腹膜损伤分组及2003年12月以前和2004年1月以后阶段分组比较手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率(包括大血管损伤、邻近器官损伤和膈肌损伤等),以及中转开放手术发生率和住院天数.结果 无腹膜损伤组肾部分切除术和肾癌根治术的平均手术时间、出血量分别为98.2 min、221.1 ml,有腹膜损伤组分别为132.7 min、458.5 ml;无腹膜损伤组肾上腺肿瘤切除术的平均手术时间、出血量分别为68.2 min、105.1 ml,有腹膜损伤组分别为110.0 min、135.9 ml;无腹膜损伤组肾部分切除术和肾癌根治术的并发症发生率为1.9%,有腹膜损伤组为4.1%;组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).第一阶段手术时间为124.3 min、平均出血量451.5 ml、中转开放手术23例(3.4%),第二阶段分别为108.6 min、247.8 ml、11例(1.3%),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 后腹腔镜手术并发症发生与术者的操作熟练程度和术中有无腹膜损伤密切相关.熟练掌握操作技术和术中保持腹膜完整可以保证手术顺利进行,减少出血量和手术并发症.     

腹腔镜手术大血管损伤的原因及处理对策

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术大血管损伤的原因及处理对策.方法 回顾2006年3月至2011年2月1858例行腹腔镜手术患者的临床资料,术中发生大血管损伤10例,男6例,女4例.年龄21 ～78岁,平均49岁.其中主动脉损伤2例,腔静脉损伤2例,肾静脉损伤4例,骼外静脉损伤1例,骼外动脉损伤1例.血管损伤原因包括:解剖认识不足造成损伤2例,建立第1个穿刺孔时损伤1例,术中用力过猛致损伤2例,解剖变异致损伤2例,手术粘连分离困难致损伤3例.处理方法:保持气腹压力,短时间出血量较大时可迅速增加至20 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),用吸引器吸尽创面出血,仔细辨认出血部位,必要时增加穿刺孔,让助手协助暴露.若为静脉破裂出血可用4-0无损伤血管缝线根据破口大小行8字或连续缝合血管破口.若为动脉破裂出血,先用动脉血管钳夹闭血管破口上下两端,控制出血,然后同静脉破裂出血方式缝合破口.结果 10例患者7例腹腔镜下止血成功,3例中转开放手术止血.7例腹腔镜下止血成功者修补血管时间8～ 25 min,平均14 min;术中出血150 ～1600 ml,平均530 ml.破口大小0.2～1.0cm.1例主动脉损伤术后局部有较大血肿,术后3个月复查血肿完全吸收,余9例术后无气栓、继发出血等并发症.结论 腹腔镜手术大血管损伤由多种原因引起,良好的心态和精细的缝合是止血的关键,术中助手良好的配合也起着重要作用.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中消化道损伤原因及处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）中消化道损伤的原因、处理方法及预防措施。方法回顾分析2000年1月～2007年12月我院21640例LC术中16例（0.07%）消化道损伤的临床资料,其中胃十二指肠损伤14例,结肠损伤1例,回肠损伤1例。结果术中发现13例：行镜下修补3例,中转开腹修补7例、胃大部切除胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合3例。术后发现3例：开腹回肠修补1例,结肠造瘘1例,引流保守治疗1例。除1例因十二指肠漏并多器官功能衰竭（MODS）术后7天死亡,其余15例均治愈出院,无严重并发症出现。结论LC中消化道损伤的主要原因是胆囊周围炎性粘连,暴露不良,分离过程中造成胃肠撕裂,灼伤穿孔。及时有效恰当的处理是预防并发症和改善患者预后的关键。     

后腹腔镜手术中腹膜损伤原因及对策

2003年1月～2004年12月,在453例后腹腔镜手术中,发生腹膜损伤23例（鄞州人民医院7例, 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院16例）,现对其发生的原因及防治措施进行分析.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术肠道损伤的原因及防治措施

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)肠道损伤的原因、预防措施及处理方法。方法回顾分析14例LC术中肠道损伤的原因及处理方法。其中术中发现11例,术后发现3例,术中发现者,除1例肠系膜血肿行保守治疗外,余10例十二指肠、空肠、回肠及结肠损伤者均在腹腔镜下或中转开腹行损伤脏器修补术,其中1例十二指肠穿孔因原修补处出现肠漏再次开腹行高位空肠造瘘充分引流,1例结肠贯通伤因术中只修补了一侧而于术后第3天开腹探查修补对侧并于第2次术后第5天出现修补处肠漏再次开腹行蕈形管造瘘术。术后发现的3例患者均剖腹探查行漏口修补或造瘘引流术。结果 14例患者中,13例恢复良好,行第3次手术的患者发生了低蛋白血症和ARDS,经积极治疗后恢复正常,14例患者均治愈出院。结论 LC术中胆囊周围炎性粘连、电凝钩反弹是发生肠道损伤的主要原因,术中及时发现损伤并妥善处理是改善患者预后的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤原因及手术操作要点

我院自１９９２年１０月～１９９５年１１月共实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术５０００例，发生特殊并发症１６例，发生率０．３％，其中２例胆道损伤１３例胆瘘（包括胆囊床迷走胆管瘘１例，胆总管下端结石并胆管瘘１例）１例术后胆囊动脉出血。为降低手术并发症，掌握术中操作要求，作者认为注意以下四点（１）从事腹腔镜囊切除术须有一定的资历的外科医师担任，并有一定的胆道解剖知识和识别胆道变异能力；（２）全面详细的术前检查及严格选     

腹腔镜手术副损伤的临床分析(附28例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术副损伤的原因及防治方法。方法:分析我院28例患者术中出现副损伤的原因。结果:28例患者均因手术操作不当发生不同性质、程度的损伤,1例同时出现2种以上副损伤,6例出现2种副损伤,21例出现1种副损伤。结论:掌握腹腔镜手术的关键事项,即可避免腹腔镜手术副损伤的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤及对策

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤的原因及预防措施。方法:回顾分析4929例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中17例胆管损伤的原因,治疗及预防方法。结果:术者对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的危险缺乏认识、缺乏经验及应变力、不能辩认异常,过于自信,操作粗糙及使用器械不当是发生损伤的根本原因。结论:重视正规训练,积累并借鉴成功的传统手术经验、技巧。分离解剖应从明确的胆囊或与胆囊管交界部开始,不刻意解剖,明确三管关系,禁止在Calot三角内电灼是预防损伤的关键。对可能或已发生的损伤应予以合理处理,以免病情复杂化。     

Three different laparoscopic techniques for the management of iatrogenic ureteral injury: A multi-institutional study with medium-term outcomes

BackgroundExcellent success rates with short-term outcomes are noted for laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction (LUR) for iatrogenic ureteral injury. This multi-institutional study assessed the medium-term (>1 year) outcomes and compared three surgical techniques of LUR.MethodsPatients who underwent LUR at five tertiary hospitals between January 2007 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with active abdominopelvic inflammatory disease, history of urothelial cancer, and tumor recurrence and those who received adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded.ResultsThe success rates of LUR for 61 patients at 3 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up (at least 12 months postoperatively) were 100% and 95.1%, respectively. No significant difference was noted in the success rates of the three types of LUR. LUR was mainly performed in response to the demands of the primary surgeon responsible for the iatrogenic injury (33 of 45 cases, 73.3%). The vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) incidence was higher in the refluxing laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy (LUN) group (40%) than in the anti-refluxing LUN group (15%, odds ratio: 1.5, p = 0.252). None of the patients in the LUN groups received treatment for VUR during the follow-up. The laparoscopic end-to-end ureteroureterostomy (LEEU) group had shorter operative time (p < 0.001) and lesser intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.001) than the LUN groups.ConclusionLUR is safe and feasible, with good medium-term outcomes. LEEU is a good surgical option in terms of the operative and subsequent outcomes. The anti-reflux technique in LUR reduces de-novo VUR development but is not necessary for preventing upper urinary tract infections in adults.     

External iliac vein injury and its repair during laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

We describe a case of external iliac vein injury, sustained during laparoscopic radical cystectomy, which was managed laparoscopically with intracorporeal suturing.     

腹腔镜结直肠术中急性胃肠损伤的发生与气腹腹内压力升高的相关性分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下结直肠手术中急性胃肠损伤的发生与气腹腹内压力升高的相关性分析。方法选取2013年6月至2016年3月行腹腔镜结直肠手术的患者92例作为研究对象,进行前瞻性研究,根据术中CO2的气腹腹内压力分为12 mm Hg(A组,46例)和15 mm Hg(B组,46例),应用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对所有的数据进行统计学处理,术中、术后情况呈正态分布的定量数据用均数±标准差(x珋±s)表示,组间比较采用独立t检验;术后急性胃肠损伤发生率等计数资料采用χ~2检验;气腹腹内压力与急性胃肠损伤的相关性采用Pearson相关分析,以P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果 A组与B组相比,两组患者在术中情况(CO2气腹持续时间、术中出血量和手术时间)以及术后急性胃肠损伤的发生率及其他术后情况(住院时间、术后6 h内鼻胃管拔出、呕吐率、首次排便时间及肠蠕动恢复时间)上差异均无统计学意义P0.05。结论腹腔镜下结直肠手术中急性胃肠损伤的发生与气腹腹内压力升高的无相关性。     

泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术严重并发症的分析(附2800例报告)

目的:总结泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术的严重并发症,分析其类型、原因、发病率、治疗措施及预后,以提高手术安全性.方法:回顾分析1999年10月至2011年3月施行2 800例泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术的临床资料.总结与腹腔镜操作相关的严重并发症,分析与穿刺、气腹、术中操作及术后相关并发痘的发生原因、处理对策.结果:2 800例手...     

Complications of pediatric laparoscopic surgery

Background: Surgical complications of laparoscopy most often occur during Veress needle or primary trocar placement. Veress needle punctures are insignificant and require no further treatment, whereas trocar-induced vascular injuries can be catastrophic. The frequency of vascular and viscus injuries is difficult to calculate because several complications are not reported in the literature. Methods: During a 10-year-period (1984–1995), at the Division of Pediatric Surgery at ``Federico II' University of Naples, 430 laparoscopic procedures were performed in 395 children with a mean age of 5 years. The incidence of complications related to laparoscopy was 1.8% with eight complications, one of which was rather severe. The complications included one abdominal wall hematoma, two perforations of abdominal viscus (stomach, ovary), one umbilical scar complication, one postoperative hydrocele, one subcutaneous emphysema, and one pneumothorax during a Nissen procedure. The only severe complication occurred in a young girl with neurologic problems and a kyphoscoliosis operated on via laparoscopy for a gastroesophageal reflux. She suffered injuries of both right common iliac vessels and several intestinal perforations due to blind introduction of the first umbilical trocar. Results: In this case rapid conversion, complex vascular reconstruction, and multiple intestinal sutures were performed. The Nissen fundoplication with pyloroplasty was performed traditionally and the patient left the hospital free of symptoms after 20 days. The other seven complications were resolved without any problem intra- or postoperatively. Conclusions: The authors believe that the open approach with a blunt trocar is most important in helping to avoid complications in pediatric laparoscopy. Received: 5 July 1996/Accepted: 19 November 1996     

妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹原因及处理

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹的指征、原因、处理及意义。方法:回顾分析2003年1月至2009年12月施行的1947例妇科腹腔镜手术中66例即刻中转开腹患者的临床资料。结果:妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹的发生率为3.4%,主要原因有盆腹腔严重粘连、下腹部手术史、出血、损伤、未预计的卵巢癌、器械故障等。结论:术前严格掌握腹腔镜手术指征,正确掌握中转开腹时机及开腹后的处理,是预防和治疗妇科腹腔镜手术并发症的有效措施。     

Long-term results from laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: A retrospective review of 175 consecutive patients who underwent attempted LCBDE between 1992 and 1999 was conducted. Laparoscopic transcystic exploration was accomplished in 110 patients and laparoscopic choledochotomy in 52 patients. Conversion to an open common bile duct exploration was required for 13 patients (7.4%). Retained common bile duct stones occurred in eight patients (4.6%). The 30-day postoperative morbidity was 6.9%, and there was no 30-day mortality. All the patients (alive and localized) received a questionnaire evaluating long-term results. Results: Of the 175 patients, 169 (4 unrelated deaths and 2 patients lost to follow-up evaluation) received and 152 (90%) returned the questionnaire. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 72 months (median, 36 months). One patient developed recurrent common bile duct stones. There were no signs or evidence of common bile duct stricture in any patient. Conclusion: The LCBDE procedure can be performed without increased risk of late bile duct complications.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的并发症及防治(附116例报告)

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症及防治原则。方法：回顾分析2004年11月至2006年10月116例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床资料。结果：腹腔镜结直肠癌手术无围手术期死亡病例,中转开腹6例,中转率5.2%;术中并发症发生率9.5%（11/116）;术后早期并发症发生率10.3%（12/116）。结论：不断提高腹腔镜手术操作技巧,严格按照腹腔镜结直肠癌手术操作规范施术,重视关键步骤的解剖及操作程序,具备处置意外的能力,是防治腹腔镜结直肠癌并发症的关键。