熵权耦合层次分析赋权在煤层底板突水评价中的应用

为克服层次分析法主观确权的弊端,同时避免熵权客观确权与主控因素实际重要程度相悖的错误,以山西长治三元煤矿3号煤层底板奥灰突水危险性评价为例,将熵权与层次分析耦合确定煤层底板突水主控因素权重并建立脆弱性指数模型,采用K均值聚类法对脆弱性指数值进行聚类分区,确定阈值3个,按照突水危险程度将研究区分为安全区、相对安全区、过渡区和危险区4个区域。经对比验证评价结果符合实际情况。      

基于组合赋权的有限区间云模型底板突水风险性评价

为了实现突水危险等级的准确评价,提出一种基于组合赋权的有限区间云模型评价方法。首先确定评价指标及其相应的分级标准,并通过组合赋权法计算出各指标的权重;同时基于正态有限区间云模型理论利用MATLAB计算各指标隶属于突水危险等级的云数字特征,生成正态云滴;最后,对唐家会煤矿61304工作面进行底板突水危险性评价,以验证该模型的可行性和科学性。评价结果显示,ZL-1、ZL-2和ZL-4点危险等级属于Ⅳ级和Ⅲ级,危险等级高于其它四个评价点。同时,这些位置的钻孔出水量和注浆量明显大于其它评价点,且都位于音频电透视探测结果的异常范围内。研究结果表明,本文提出的模型适用于底板突水危险性评价,丰富了煤层底板突水危险性评价方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于多方法的煤层底板突水危险性评价

选择平顶山煤田二矿、十矿和十二矿51个钻孔的隔水层厚度、断层复杂程度、含水层水压、含水层单位涌水量、采高5个因素为评价因子,以层次分析法和灰色关联分析法计算的常权权重为基础,应用变权理论确定各指标因子的变权权重;分别利用物元可拓法、模糊可变集理论、突变理论、模糊综合评价法,对煤层底板突水危险性进行评价并确定突水危险性等级。与实际开采情况的对比分析证明,模糊可变集理论是最适宜研究区的底板突水危险性评价方法,评价结果与开采实际较为吻合。模糊可变集理论的评价表明,二矿、十矿、十二矿带压区内安全区占比分别为4.08%、14.30%、0,低威胁区占比分别为76.91%、83.14%、85.78%,高威胁区占比分别为19.01%、2.56%、14.22%,研究区内暂无危险区。      

赵官井田10煤层底板突水危险性评价

从地质构造、含水层、隔水层、开采条件等方面详细分析了赵官井田10煤层底板突水的影响因素,确定了断层强度指数、褶皱分维值、"底板充水含水层组"水压、"底板充水含水层组"富水性、奥灰富水性、隔水层厚度、泥岩比率、底板破坏深度8个主控因素作为10煤层底板突水危险性评价的决策指标,并建立了各主控因素专题图;运用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各主控因素的权重系数,建立了基于"脆弱性指数法"的底板突水危险性评价模型,对10煤层底板突水危险性进行了定量评价,结果表明:在井田的南部煤层露头处脆弱性指数小,突水可能性较小;在井田的北部,特别是在井田东北部,脆弱性指数大,突水危险性较大。      

基于EW-FAHP的煤层底板承压水突水危险评价

以平顶山十三矿己四采区底板灰岩的突水危险性评价为例,将熵权法(EW)和模糊层次分析法（FAHP）耦合在一起,确定了突水影响因素的权重,并建立了突水危险性评价模型。结果显示:十三矿己四采区二1煤底板标高-150~-350 m区域,不受底板灰岩水的影响,属于安全区;标高-350~-700 m 且不受断层影响的区域属于较安全区;标高-700 m以下及标高-350~-700 m且受断层影响的区域属于突水危险区。在前期突水资料少和数据量有限的条件下,EW-FAHP法能够较为客观地确定突水影响因素权重。     

改进脆弱性指数法在煤矿底板突水评价中的应用

针对传统的AHP型脆弱性指数法在权重确定方面的不足,采用熵权法对其改进,将熵权法计算的客观权重与AHP法计算的主观权重进行加权平均,综合确定各主控因素诱发突水的权重比例。在综合分析长平煤矿水文地质资料的基础上,应用GIS建立主控因素专题图并进行归一化处理,运用基于GIS的改进AHP型脆弱性指数法确定各主控因素权重,建立井田西部3号煤底板奥灰突水危险性评价模型。利用自然间断点分级法确定了分区阈值,将研究区按突水危险性的相对大小分为5个区域。评价结果符合实际,对煤矿安全生产具有重要的现实意义。     

聚类分析模糊综合评判法在矿井突水危险性评价预测中的应用

为了准确评价矿井突水危险性,根据聚类分析和模糊综合评判法的原理,以大同矿区同地永财坡煤矿为例,针对现有9个钻孔的煤层底板破坏深度、底板保护层深度、奥灰静水水压、底板有效保护层深度、带压系数、突水系数6个影响矿井突水的关键因子,在采用聚类分析法对该煤矿4#煤层底板突水进行分区的基础上,再利用模糊综合评判法对各突水分区进行等级划分,将突水分区划分成"安全"、"较安全"、"较危险"、"危险"和"极危险"5个等级。经计算,该矿4#煤层底板北部及中部划分为安全区,仅南部和东南部为突水较危险和极危险区。     

煤矿工作面底板突水灾害预警重点监测区域评价技术

准确圈定煤矿工作面底板突水预警重点监测区域,实现监测位置和潜在突水点位置在空间上的匹配,是突水灾害预警急需解决的问题之一。为研究煤矿工作面底板突水灾害预警重点监测区域评价技术,采用水文地质分析、GIS空间分析及ANN预测等技术手段,建立了底板突水灾害预警重点监测区域评价指标体系,提出了将不连续指标转化为连续指标的方法,建立了评价模型,研发了重点监测区域评价GIS系统,实现了煤矿底板突水灾害预警重点监测区域GIS与ANN耦合评价技术,最后以赵庄煤矿5303回采工作面底板突水监测预警为例,利用研发的系统圈定了该工作面重点监测区域。研究表明,确定预警重点监测区域的影响因素主要有含水层水压、含水层富水性、含水层防（隔）水煤岩柱厚度、老空区危险性指数、断层危险性指数、陷落柱危险性指数和封闭不良钻孔危险性指数,利用分段函数可以有效将不连续指标转化为连续指标,研发的评价系统可以实现煤矿突水灾害预警监测位置自动评价,评价结果与现场揭露及水害预警系统监测结果一致。      

淮北袁店煤矿101、102采区煤层底板突水危险性综合评价

为有效控制煤层底板带压开采突水发生,同时解决突水系数法评价底板突水的局限性,引入灰色模糊聚类法综合评价煤层底板突水危险性。以袁店煤矿101、102采区为例,通过对10煤层水文地质条件、底板充水水源和充水通道深入分析,提取评价煤层底板突水危险性关键指标,综合考虑岩溶裂隙发育、地质构造、隔水层厚度、裂隙含水层富水性、灰岩含水层厚度5个突水主控因素,并进行底板突水危险性分区。结果表明：101采区底板突水危险性较小,102采区危险性较大。建议对102采区局部富水地段进行注浆加固,以达到防治突水的目的。     

基于岩性-结构的煤层底板突水危险性评价

煤层顶底板突水危险性预测与评价是煤矿突水灾害防治的基础和依据。针对煤层底板隔水介质条件,分析了煤系岩石力学性质,煤层底板突水的岩性、结构和厚度特征,建立了煤层底板突水危险性评价理论和方法。研究表明:煤层底板隔水介质条件取决于隔水层岩性和断裂构造,随着底板泥岩含量增加,煤层底板隔水性能增高,但抗水压能力降低;随着断裂发育程度的增加,底板隔水层由完整结构、块裂结构到碎裂结构和松散结构,煤层底板抗水压能力和隔水性能均降低,突水危险性增大。煤层底板抗水压能力与煤层底板隔水层厚度密切相关,统计表明,煤层底板受的极限水压p与底板隔水层厚度h之间为2次幂函数关系。在传统突水系数的基础上考虑了隔水层的岩性和结构特征,提出了煤层底板突水危险评价分类;进一步根据水压P_w与岩体破裂压力P_c关系和水压P_w与最小主应力σ_hmin关系判断是否突水。      

Application on Floor Water Inrush Evaluation Based on AHP Variation Coefficient Method with GIS

The prediction and prevention of floor water inrush is directly related to the safety of the coal mine production. The previous evaluation method of floor water inrush was more one-sided and lacked main control factors related to mining conditions. In order to evaluate the floor water inrush more accurately, under the project background of geological data of Wanglou coal mine, stope width, mining depth, fault scale index, water pressure, water abundance and thickness of aquifer were selected as main controlling factors of floor water inrush. Combined with the subjective weight analytical hierarchy process and the objective weight variation coefficient method, the weight coefficients corresponding to the main controlling factors were obtained respectively. The thematic map of the risk assessment of coal seam floor water inrush was drawn by combining the constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model and geographic information system. The results show that: ① according to the actual geological data of mine, two fault related factors were removed. And stope width and mining depth were increased as the main controlling factors to evaluate floor water inrush. It is easier to compare and calculate the weight of evaluation factors. ② The constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model can comprehensively evaluate the risk of floor water inrush. And the results of the evaluation are more accurate. ③ The related thematic maps can directly reflect the risk of floor water inrush, which is of guiding significance for the prediction and prevention of coal seam floor water inrush.     

Risk Assessment of Coal Floor Water Inrush from Underlying Aquifers Based on GRA–AHP and Its Application

Ground water inrush from underlying coal seam aquifers is a serious geohazard during coal mining in China. In order to effectively predict coal floor water inrush, the evaluation index system and evaluation standard for coal floor water inrush, containing quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, is established on the base of conditions of aquifer and aquiclude, geologic structure and mining disturbance. Simultaneously, grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process are used to establish an evaluation model which efficiently overcomes the uncertainty between indexes of water inrush effects and really reflects the degree of importance for each index of water inrush effects. The model is applied to the typical working face of Yuzhou coalfield in the north of China to demonstrate the evaluation process. Compared to the water inrush coefficient method which is widely used for evaluating coal floor water inrush, the presented evaluation model in this paper accords more with the susceptibility of coal floor water inrush by multi-factor and is of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of highly complicated formation mechanism. This method offers a new tool in the assessment of ground water inrush in mine.     

Prediction of Floor Water Inrush: The Application of GIS-Based AHP Vulnerable Index Method to Donghuantuo Coal Mine,China

Floor water inrush represents a geohazard that can pose significant threat to safe operations for instance in coal mines in China and elsewhere. Its occurrence is controlled by many factors, and the processes are often not amenable to mathematical expressions. To evaluate the water inrush risk, the paper proposes the vulnerability index approach by coupling the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS). The detailed procedures of using this innovative approach are shown in a case study in China (Donghuantuo Coal Mine). The powerful spatial data analysis functions of GIS was used to establish the thematic layer of each of the six factors that control the water inrush, and the contribution weights of each factor was determined with the AHP method. The established AHP evaluation model was used to determine the threshold value for each risk level with a histogram of the water inrush vulnerability index. As a result, the mine area was divided into five regions with different vulnerability levels which served as general guidelines for the mine operations. The prediction results were further corroborated with the actual mining data, and the evaluation result is satisfactory.     

淮北刘桥二矿七含涌(突)水机理研究

刘桥二矿在开采4煤过程中，七含突水次数达38次之多，严重影响煤矿安全生产。文章在系统地分析刘桥二矿七含涌突水概况的基础上，提出了该矿七含涌突水的主要机理为断裂构造的控制作用和矿山压力的促进作用；指出了砂岩含水层的裂隙发育程度和富水性强弱、煤层的厚度、断层的作用以及4煤与含水层之间隔水层厚度的大小等，是影响工作面涌水的主要因素。研究结果对煤矿砂岩水害的有效防治具有重要的指导意义。     

基于matlab的煤层底板突水预测系统

针对当前煤层底板突水预测存在的问题,在突水概率指数法预测预报系统的基础上,用matlab开发出了一套新型煤层底板突水预测系统软件。通过对地质、水文地质等信息数据进行分析处理,从而确定导致煤层底板突水的主控因素及次级影响因素,并分别赋予其相应的权重值,将各因素在底板突水中所起的作用定量化。特别是对于不同矿区不同控制因素的影响,其相应权重值的大小可以灵活改变。建立赋权求和数学模型,绘制出各个主要控制因素的专题图,并根据各个主要控制因素的不同权重值,叠合绘制出底板突水概率指数法突水分区图。同时计算出煤层底板突水概率指数。将系统软件应用于工程实际,预测效果与实际情况相吻合。      

刘桥二矿651工作面煤层底板岩体质量评价

华北型煤田煤层底板突水灾害性评价是一种特殊的工程地质问题,目前已有数学、力学和经验的多种方法研究这一问题,但是用岩体分级的方法进行安全性评价的尚未见报道。本文建立了一套新型的岩体分级方法,并将该方法用于刘桥二矿651工作面底板突水评价,收到了很好的效果。这一方法也普遍使用了其他华北型煤田。