数控往复式潜油电泵井生产实际中利弊分析

随着油田开采进入高含水期,以及潜油电泵的不断发展,潜油电泵井在油田生产中的应用越来越受到重视,本文通过对潜油电泵井的日常工作状况的了解,重点介绍了往复式潜油电泵井的优点及缺点。     

优化机泵参数,提高电泵井系统效率

潜油电泵采油是油田特高含水期开发的重要手段,针对潜油电泵井系统效率低,能耗高的问题,通过优化潜油电泵机泵参数,减少无效功率的损耗,从而实现潜油电泵井系统效率的提高。     

潜油电泵井系统效率影响因素分析及优化措施

利用调查法、文献资料法等方法对潜油电泵井系统效率影响因素及优化措施进行了研究与探讨。在研究过程中发现潜油电泵井系统效率会受到选井与选泵参数、电泵机组配置元件运行效率等诸多因素的影响，所以需要通过合理选井选泵、研究电泵机组优化配套技术等方式提高潜油电泵井系统的效率，为机械采油提供有效支持。     

电泵井气影响欠载停机分析及处理

随着油田开采进入高含水期,井底流动压力大幅下降,导至原油在地层内就开始脱气。于此同时潜油电泵井的也叶轮在工作状态下,叶轮上下产生压头,在负压区同样会产生大量的析出气体。潜油电泵井的出气,将造成井的频繁欠载,缩短潜油电泵井的寿命。气影响电泵井一直是现场管理的一大难题。     

潜油电泵井常见故障和改进方法分析

潜油电泵井技术具有排量大、举升能力强、生产成本增加快的特点。潜油电泵运行效率直接影响了整体油田开采质量。因此,本文以潜油电泵井为研究要点,介绍了潜油电泵井构成,分析了潜油电泵井常见故障及原因。并提出了几点针对性解决措施,以期为潜油电泵井运行寿命提升提供有效的参考。     

采油电泵井的质量管理及免修期延长措施

潜油电泵井在高含水油区原油生产中发挥着不可替代的作用，尤其是在边水驱动的水平井和一些偏磨严重的短命井，潜油电泵无论从排量和防偏磨方面都是其他有杆泵所无法比拟的。本文对造成电泵躺井的原因进行综合分析，为提高电泵井的免修期提出了措施。     

延长潜油电泵井生产周期及新技术应用

本文通过潜油电泵井检泵作业中发现的问题,分析影响潜油电泵井生产周期的原因,同时介绍延长潜油电泵井生产周期的所采用新技术。     

潜油电泵落井原因分析及对策

针对桩西长堤油田潜油电泵井在作业过程中,出现电泵机组落井导致作业费用高的情况,通过现场作业描述,结合油井生产情况,从井筒、井液、管柱及潜油电泵质量等方面,分析影响潜油电泵落井的主要因素,并制定对策措施,达到降低作业费用,提高经济效益的目的。     

节能降耗技术在潜油电泵井的应用

油田潜油电泵井应用自动补偿控制柜技术、永磁同步电动机技术、变频调速技术等一系列节能技术,以提高电泵井的排量效率和系统效率,为实现潜油电泵井整体节能降耗提供技术保障。     

浅析气体对电泵井产生欠载原因及处理

随着油田不断开采,油井现已进入高含水期,井底流动压力大幅下降,导至原油在地层内就开始脱气。在应用潜油电泵采油时,泵的叶轮在工作状态下上下产生压头,在负压区同样会产生大量的析出气体。这样由于井底含气量比较大导致电泵井的频繁欠载,缩短潜油电泵井的寿命。气影响电泵井一直是现场管理的一大难题。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

Phospholipid metabolism in cells in culture

The proportions of the different lecithin fractions have been determined in HeLa and KB tissue culture cells and Ehrlich Ascites tumor. 82.8% of the total phosphatidyl choline phosphorus is found in fraction 3 of HeLa cells. The major phosphatidyl cholines found in KB cells and Ehrlich Ascites tumor are in fractions 3 and 4 and representing 66.6% and 88.7% of the total phosphatidyl choline P, respectively. The incorporation of 1,2-¹⁴C-choline and 1,2-¹⁴C-ethanolamine into the various phosphatidyl choline fractions has been assayed to determine their biosynthesis in Ehrlich Ascites tumor. The incorporation of 1,2-¹⁴C-choline into fractions 3 and 4 is 100 times the 1,2-¹⁴C-ethanolamine. This evidence indicates that the methylation pathway of phosphatidyl choline synthesis is very low in HeLa, KB and Ehrlich Ascites cells. One of 13 papers presented at the symposium “Lipid Metabolism in Cells in Culture,” AOCS Meeting, Houston, May 1971. Part of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Science.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.