Adaptive code excited predictive coding

A novel way to use the code excited linear prediction (CELP) concept that decreases the processing load while keeping the same speech quality is discussed. Rather than performing individual weighting of each candidate sequence, a global implementation of the perceptual weighting function at the codebook level is proposed. As a result, the analysis-by-synthesis procedure does not require the processing of all the candidate sequences through the synthesis and weighting filters; the complexity requirement of the algorithm is therefore much reduced. The concept is carried out with an adaptive codebook. Two fixed-point implementations of the adaptive CELP (ACELP) algorithm are reported: a 7.2 kb/s block coder (7 MIPS), and a 12 kb/s low-delay coder (11 MIPS). Both coders have been rated to provide the same quality as the 13 kb/s block coder adopted by the GSM for the European cellular telephone     

Pitch synchronous extended excitation in multimode CELP

This letter proposes a 4-kb/s multimode code-excited linear prediction (CELP) coder with pitch synchronous extended excitation. Three modes are used for the short-term excitation, namely algebraic, extended, or stochastic excitations, together with an adaptive codebook for the long-term excitation. Comparisons with the FS-1016 and ITU-T G.723.1 coders show a performance level between these standards     

Pulsed residual excited linear prediction

Linear predictive coding of speech has been widely used at 16 kb/s in the form of adaptive predictive coding (APC) down to 4.8 kb/s in the form of code-excited linear prediction (CELP). Since its invention in 1984 there have been many variations of CELP which differ mainly in the way the final excitation signal (codebook) is produced and quantised. These variations either produce better speech quality or lower complexity. Three new excitation types, all of which are based on a pulsed residual, are proposed. The new pulsed residual excitations improve the speech quality significantly. In addition a novel mathematically equivalent codebook search method which reduces the search complexity significantly is described     

小波激励线性预测编码（WELP）：一种新的低速语音编码方法

在低速语音编译码系统中，常采用码本激励线性预测编码ＣＥＬＰ，其中随机码本的码本结构及应的索算法直接影响着语音编译码系统的语音质量和实时实现中的运算量。     

高质量的4 kb/s散布脉冲CELP语音编码算法

本文提出了一种散布脉冲CELP(DP-CELP)语音编码算法,激励矢量由特殊结构的代数码书与固定形式的散布脉冲的卷积获得,这种激励源有效地改善了重建语音质量,但未增加代数码书搜索的复杂度.非正式的主观听力测试表明,这种4 kb/s DP-CELP语音编码算法的合成语音质量非常接近G.723.1中6.3 kb/s语音编码器.     

Improved Populating Code-Excited Linear Predictive Coder

1Introduction,TheCode--ExcitedLinearPredictive(CELP)[13coderprovidedgoodqualityspeechatmediumandlowbitrates,butthisqualityspeechwasatthecostofverycomputationalcomplexity.Recently,therealtimeimplementationoftheCELPcodersonalowpricedigitalsignalprocessorchi…     

Binary code excited linear prediction (BCELP): new approach to CELP coding of speech without codebooks

A new analysis-by-synthesis speech coding approach able to produce good quality speech in the vicinity of 4.8 kbit/s is presented. The new approach produces the same speech quality as obtained by CELP codecs without needing any excitation codebook storage. The new coder employs a very simple excitation search procedure and processes an inherent robustness against channel errors. The approach is based on the ternary code excitation CELP introduced previously (see P. Desantis et al. 1986).<>     

码激励线性预测语音编码器中的非均匀和部分搜索域代数码书

该文基于代数码激励线性预测(ACELP)语音编码算法提出了非均匀和部分搜索域代数码书。非均匀代数码书由代数码书的脉冲非均匀统计特性确定,部分搜索域代数码书则由代数码书矢量的周期性确定,该方法有效地弥补了低比特率情况下代数码书中脉冲数不足的缺点。在使用上述两项技术时,为保持基音的连续性,该编码器对语音段和非语音段采用了不同的基音估计方法。主观和客观的听力测试表明,当该技术应用于4kb/s 散布脉冲码激励线性预测(DP-CELP)语音编码器时,重建语音的质量得到明显改善,尤其是对女性讲话者。     

A new LPC interpolation technique for CELP coders

In low rate code-excited linear predictive (CELP) coders, the LPC spectral information is usually quantized and transmitted on a frame-by-frame basis about every 20 to 30 msec. The quality of speech reproduced by a CELP coder can be improved by making spectral transitions as smooth and continuous as possible. One way in which this can be accomplished without increasing the transmission bit rate is to interpolate the LPC spectral parameters between adjacent extraction frames. This, however, usually leads to a dramatic increase in the computations required for the codebook search. The paper presents a new LPC interpolation technique, based on interpolating the impulse response of the LPC synthesis filter. It demonstrates that this method offers a significant complexity reduction for the codebook search over other typical interpolation schemes. Furthermore, the experiments show that the coder using the impulse response for interpolation produces the same speech quality as the coder using the LSP parameters for interpolation, and both these parameter sets are superior to other LPC representations for interpolation     

一种可用于CDMA移动通信的变速率语音编码算法

该文提出了一种码率为 0.75-5.4kb/s可变速率的高质量语音编码讲法。该算法对CELP的激励进行了改进,根据语音的特征把语音分成4类,不同类型的语音采用不同的激励码本。特别是对于浊音,提出了一种基于基音同步的嵌入分裂式激励码本,该码本利用浊音具有准周期性的特点,使该算法在很低的码率下就可很好地恢复浊音信号,克服了CELP在4kb/s速率以下因码本尺寸小而导致合成语音质量差的缺点。经非正式听音测试,它的主观质量超过了1～8kb/s的可变速率QCELP系统,并且平均速率大约只有2kb/s,比QCELP的5kb/s平均速率低了很多、非常适用于 CDMA移动通信系统。     

用分数延迟改进基音预测的CELP编码方案

在ＣＥＬＰ编码器中，通常用延迟为抽样间隔整数倍的长项预测器表征浊音语音的准周期性，然而在低比特率，这种限制降低了编码器的性能。本文在介绍了ＣＥＬＰ编码器原理及激励码本构成后，重点研究了一种新型的基音预测方法；分数延迟基音预测，计算机模拟结果表明，这种方法能对浊音进行更准确的表达，尤其对女性讲话者明显改善了语音质量。     

一种可变速率的LD—CELP编码的研究

设计了一种可变速率的低时延、码激励线性预测编码（ＬＤ－ＣＥＬＰ）的方案，它是通过修改码本来实现的。该方案工作在１１．２ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ。对其做了计算机仿真，并与１６ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的ＬＤ－ＣＥＬＰ算法在信经（ＳＮＲ）、波形等方面进行了对比，仿真结果表明效果良好。     

CELP-Based Implementation of the GSM Half-Rate Speech Codes

1IntroductionThecurrentachvityinspeeChcodinginEuropeisfocusedonselectinganewpan-Europestalldardforadigitalmobilesystemknownasthehalf-ratecodingsystem.TheCELP-basedconfigurationhasbecomeoneofthecandidatesforit.TheshortcomingofthefundamentalCELPisitSgreatstorageandcomputation,andthefixedcodebooksearchcoststhemost.Inthispaper,wepresentanoverlappingcenterclippingcodebookandintroducefastsearchalgoritlllnsofconvoluhon,auto-correlationandcross-correlationonthebasisofthenewcodebook.Byuseofthisim…     

基于ACELP的嵌入式语音编码算法

为实现对激励信号的精细描述,提出了一种基于ACELP模型的嵌入式语音编码算法,该算法通过逐层增加脉冲数以及采用一种新的自适应码书结构,能够保证各层编码的相对独立性以及编码器参数的最佳匹配。与以往基于ACELP模型的嵌入式编码算法相比,实现的编码器能够获得具有嵌入结构的码流,不仅能够保证核心层的合成语音质量,而且在增强层也取得了与对应速率的现有标准编码器相当的合成语音质量。     

一种高质量的4 Kb/s RCELP语音编码算法

给出一种高质量的4Kb／s更新式码激励线性预测(RCELP)语音编码算法。该算法的编码器帧长为20ms,主要特点是使用了从自适应激励信号中分析得到的码本作为固定码本,采用预测式两级分裂矢量量化器量化线谱对(LSP)参数。主观试听表明,该算法的MOS值为3．67,其语音质量与32Kb／s ADPCM基本相当。     

A New Method of Designing Waveform Codebook

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一种基于MELP模型600bps声码器的设计

基于增强型混合激励线性预测(MELPe)模型,设计了一款600bps低速率语音编码器。该编码器在保持MELPe算法特征的同时,利用相邻帧的帧间冗余,把连续的三帧构成一个超帧,对超帧采用多模式预测和多级矩阵量化技术进行联合量化。同时针对超帧的不同模式,通过预测系数对相邻超帧的模式转换进行处理,实现线谱对参数(LSF)的矢量量化。最后对基音周期与增益参数进行联合量化,进一步提高量化效率,完成一款在600bps下仍具有较好合成语音质量的语音编码器的设计。     

用CELP实现GSM话音半速率编码

本文研究用ＧＥＬＰ实现ＧＥＳＭ话半半速率编码，着重讨论了快速自适应码本搜索法，该算法降低了计算量而未损害语音质量，计算机模拟的结果表明，本方案的编码速率为５．８￣６．６ｋｂ／ｓ，合成语音ＭＯＳ分不低于３．８分。     

A REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF 4.2Kb/s CELP SPEECH CODING

This paper presents a real-time implementation of 4.2Kb/s CELP speech coding on single DSP chip. An algorithm reducing search complexity for adaptive codebook is suggested; the solving method that the parameters are changed into LSP parameters is discussed. The realtime implementation process of this coding on a commercial development board with a single TMS320C30 is described.     

A packet-based CAPDM speech coder for PCN applications

In this paper, we present a median-rate speech coder, the controlled adaptive prediction delta modulation coder (CAPDM), which operates at 16 kb/s with good speech quality and low algorithm complexity. The coder is dedicated to personal communication network (PCN) applications and transmits speech samples on the basis of packets. It combines the features of a one-step looking forward decision, syllabic companding, instantaneous companding, and adaptive prediction. In addition to the use of a short-term prediction filter, CAPDM also exploits the pitch property to predict speech waveform explicitly. With the aid of a pitch prediction filter, the performance of a CAPDM codec improves about 3 dB in segmental signal-to-noise ratio (SEGSNR). The average SEGSNR of CAPDM.FF is about 21 dB, which is 7 dB over traditional CVSD at 16 kb/s. We also utilize an adaptive postfilter (APF) to enhance the perceptual quality of the decoded speech. The mean opinion score (MOS) listening test of CAPDM.FF with APF shows that its average score achieves 4.19, which is as good as G.728 16-kb/s LD-CELP and is comparable with CCITT G.721 32-kb/s ADPCM. The complexity of CAPDM.FF is evaluated to be 8 MIPS, which is much lower than that of LD-CELP and could be further reduced by adopting a smaller correlation window for pitch detection. To solve the problem of packet loss, we developed a packet-based waveform substitution method by reinitializing the codec parameters at the beginning of each packet. The simulation results show that CAPDM.FF could tolerate 5% of packet loss and still keep an SEGSNR at 10 dB and an MOS at about 3.0