电解液组分对锌镍电池负极自放电的影响

随着石油资源的日益紧张及燃油汽车对环境污染的日趋严重,用电池作动力的电动汽车受到各国政府的高度重视.锌镍电池以其优异11的电气性能、原材料丰富、成本低等特点,是未来电动车车辆主要的候选电池[1].但锌负极充放电循环过程中存在枝晶、形变、钝化、自放电(腐蚀析氢)等问题,解决前两者的关键是抑制放电产物锌酸盐在电解液中的溶解.     

含FEC电解液的锂离子电池低温性能研究

研究含FEC溶剂电解液(FEC+EMC,EC,PC)的低温性能及其与磷酸铁锂正极或中间相碳微球(MCMB)负极的匹配.该电解液具有较高的低温电导率,FEC可在1.6 V与负极反应成膜,有效地提高负极稳定性.红外测试发现,FEC可抑制其它电解液溶剂在负极成膜过程中的分解,在常温(20℃)和低温(-20℃)下形成的SEI膜阻抗均较低.电化学测试表明,以该电解液装配的锂离子电池(电极)具有较高的低温放电容量和倍率性能.     

高比能锂-硫电池研究进展

随着全球经济快速发展对高效绿色能源需求的不断增长,锂-硫电池因具有较高的能量密度,成为了下一代高能量密度二次电池研发的重点.然而,锂-硫电池面临的循环寿命短、库仑效率低、安全性能差、较高自放电等问题,使其目前还很难实现商品化.锂-硫电池存在的这些问题主要与正极活性硫材料的高绝缘性、放电过程中产生的多硫化物溶解于电解液、硫正极在充放电过程中的体积膨胀与收缩、以及锂负极支晶化等有关.通过从锂-硫电池硫复合正极、电解液、黏结剂和负极等4个方面综述了高比能锂-硫电池的最新研究进展,其中重点介绍了硫正极复合材料的进展情况.     

高浓度LiI实现硫正极稳定的高效利用

具有高比容量和低成本的锂硫电池被认为是下一代电池的重要候选者.然而,低的硫利用率、严重的穿梭效应以及金属锂负极枝晶的生长制约其实际应用.在电解液中引入添加剂被证实是一种简单有效的性能改善策略.为此,本文将高浓度的LiI引入到Li-S电池的常规电解液中,研究高浓度的LiI电解液对硫正极的利用、金属锂负极的保护以及对应电池电化学性能的影响.结果表明,高浓度的碘化锂电解液能够在金属锂负极表层形成稳定的保护层,抑制了锂枝晶的产生.与此同时,碘化锂的引入大幅度提高电池的比容量、有效改善电池的倍率性能和循环稳定性.通过优化发现,浓度为0.5 mol·L^-1的LiI具有最佳的电化学性能.采用此电解液的锂硫电池,在1 C倍率下,放电容量高达1 200 mAh·g^-1. 200次循环之后,容量仍能保持在880 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率接近75%.此外,电池展示了良好的倍率性能,在5 C倍率下,放电容量依然高达700 mAh·g^-1.     

锂离子电池硅复合负极材料研究进展

硅基负极材料具有最高的储锂容量和较低的电压平台,是最具潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料之一.然而,硅负极巨大的体积效应、较低的电导率以及与常规电解液的不相容性限制了其商业化应用.目前,提高硅负极性能的措施主要包括:通过设计硅基负极材料的组成和微观结构来抑制其体积变化并改善导电性,研发适于硅负极的粘结剂和电解液添加剂,探索...     

硝酸锂作添加剂对锂硫电池电化学性能的影响

采用充放电测试和交流阻抗测试研究了硝酸锂作电解液添加剂对锂硫电池电化学性能的影响. 采用电子扫描显微镜观察分析了添加剂对锂负极的影响, 探讨了硝酸锂的作用机理.  结果表明, 采用硝酸锂作为锂硫电池电解液的添加剂, 可以在锂负极表面形成具有钝化负极活性表面及保护锂负极的界面膜.  该膜可以抑制电解液中高价态聚硫离子与锂负极的副反应, 避免在锂负极表面形成不可逆的硫化锂, 从而提高锂硫电池的循环性能和放电容量. 采用硝酸锂作添加剂的锂硫电池首次放电比容量达1172 mA?h/g, 循环100次比容量保持为629 mA?h/g.     

新型锂盐Li[(CF_3SO_2)(n-C_4F_9SO_2)N]电解液在高电压LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4电池中的性能

探讨一种新型磺酰亚胺锂盐(三氟甲基磺酰)(全氟丁基磺酰)亚胺锂{Li[(CF_3SO_2)(n-C_4F_9SO_2)N],LiTNFSI}的碳酸丙烯酯(PC)电解液的电导率、耐氧化性及基于该电解液的LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4|Li电池循环性能和自放电行为.结果表明,1.0 mol/L LiTNFSI-PC电解液的室温电导率适中,氧化电位较高,并且基于该电解液的LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4|Li电池表现出优异的循环性能,综合性能明显优于1.0 mol/L LiPF_6-PC电解液体系.这主要得益于1.0 mol/L LiTNFSI PC电解液与LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4良好的界面匹配性.     

二氟二草酸硼酸锂对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温性能的影响

研究了二氟二草酸硼酸锂(LiODFB)作为锂盐加入到碳酸丙烯酯(PC)+碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(质量比为1:1:3)混合溶剂中对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温(60 ℃)循环性能的影响. 用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)测试了电解液的电化学窗口. 通过等离子发射光谱(ICP)和能量散射光谱(EDS)对LiFePO4材料高温条件下在不同电解液中的稳定性进行了研究; 并用扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析了石墨负极表面的固体电解液相界面(SEI)膜的热稳定性. 结果表明: 一方面LiODFB基电解液能抑制LiFePO4材料在高温条件下Fe(II)的溶解, 防止溶解的Fe(II)在石墨上还原, 有效地降低电池阻抗; 另一方面, 在LiODFB基电解液中形成的石墨负极表面SEI膜具有更好的热稳定性, 能显著提高LiFePO4/石墨电池的高温循环性能.     

Li_4Ti_5O_(12)纳米片的合成及储锂性能研究

以无定形的水合二氧化钛为前驱物,水热法合成了200～400nm大小的Li4Ti5O12纳米片作为锂离子电池负极材料.XRD(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)和TEM(透射电镜)分析表征样品的物相结构、表观形貌;循环伏安、充放电循环和电化学交流阻抗技术分别测定该纳米Li4Ti5O12在有机电解液和室温离子液体S114TFSI电解液中的电化学性能.结果表明,该材料具有较高的放电容量和良好的循环性能,有望成为锂二次电池新型负极材料.     

电解液组分对锌镍电池负极自放电的影响

随着石油资源的日益紧张及燃油汽车对环境污染的日趋严重，用电池作动力的电动汽车受到各国政府的高度重视。锌镍电池以其优异^11的电气性能、原材料丰富、成本低等特点，是未来电动车车辆主要的候选电池。但锌负极充放电循环过程中存在枝晶、形变、钝化、自放电（腐蚀析氢）等问题，解决前两者的关键是抑制放电产物锌酸盐在电解液中的溶解。为此，人们提出了两种有效的电解液体系。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.