软肝健脾丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察自制中药软肝健脾丸对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：将87例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者随机分为两组：治疗组44例,服用软肝健脾丸,对照组43例,服用安络化纤丸;治疗前后检测患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）的水平,并观察主要症状、肝功能相关指标及肝脏B超声像图情况。结果：两组临床疗效比较,治疗组的显效率和总有效率分别为52.27%和88.63%;对照组分别为25.58%和67.44%,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）。HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C的水平治疗组患者治疗前后比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）;与对照组治疗后比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）。治疗组患者治疗前后ALT、AST、TBil、Alb比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）,但与对照组治疗后比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。两组间在改善主要症状、脾脏回缩、肝脏声像图改变方面比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：软肝健脾丸对慢性乙型肝炎患者有较好的抗肝纤维化作用。     

强肝软坚丸治疗气虚血瘀型慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化临床观察

目的：观察强肝软坚九治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化（气虚血瘀型）的临床疗效。方法：将所选病例随机分为两组，其中治疗组80例，对照组40例，治疗组患者口服强肝软坚丸。对照组患者口服大黄座虫丸，两组疗程均为3个月，同时查患者血清肝纤维化指标（HA、LN、TIMP-1、PⅢP、CⅣ）、肝功能并做肝脏彩超检测。结果：两组治疗后在疗效、症状积分、总积分、AST和GGT方面比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），HA、TIMP-1下降差异亦有显著性意义（P〈0．01），而两组患者在肝门静脉和脾厚方面比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：强肝软坚丸能明显改善患者的症状、体征、肝功能及血清肝纤维化指标，疗效较对照组明显。     

利肝克纤冲剂抗肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察中药利肝克纤冲剂在抗肝纤维化方面的疗效。方法：选取90例肝纤维化患者随机分为两组，治疗组60例，对照组30例，治疗6个月。观察治疗前后两组患者的症状、体征、肝功能、肝纤维化指标及B超影像学的变化，评价中药利肝克纤冲剂抗肝纤维化的疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率为86．67％，对照组总有效率为43．33％，两组比较，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：利肝克纤冲剂可明显改善肝纤维化患者的症状、体征、肝功能、血清肝纤维化4项指标（HA、LN、PCⅢ及Ⅳ-c）及B超影像学表现，具有明显抗肝纤维化疗效。     

六味五灵片联合胸腺五肽治疗肝纤维化临床疗效观察

目的探讨六味五灵片联合胸腺五肽治疗慢性乙型肝炎后肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法将72例慢性乙型肝炎后肝纤维化患者随机分为治疗组38例和对照组34例。治疗组给予六味五灵片联合胸腺五肽进行治疗,对照组仅给予胸腺五肽,疗程均为12周,治疗结束后随访12周。比较两组患者肝功能、肝纤维化四项指标、无创瞬间肝纤维化检测情况。结果治疗及随访结束后,治疗组ALT复常率与对照组比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组治疗后血清肝纤维化指标均明显改善,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗后无创瞬间肝纤维化检测数值均明显降低。结论六味五灵片联合胸腺五肽治疗慢性乙型肝炎后肝纤维化,可以改善受损肝脏功能,减轻肝脏内炎性反应,延缓肝纤维化进展。     

蕲艾煎剂抗肝纤维化作用的临床研究

目的：观察蕲艾煎剂对慢性乙型肝炎及肝纤维化的疗效。方法：选择慢性乙型肝炎肝功能及肝纤维化指标异常的患者80例，治疗组患者口服蕲艾煎剂，对照组患者口服复方甘草酸苷片，观察治疗后其肝功能、肝纤维化指标及门静脉、脾静脉内径。结果：两组患者天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBil）、肝纤维化指标均明显降低，但两组比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），且门静脉、脾静脉内径治疗前后未见明显变化。结论：蕲艾煎剂具有明显的抗肝纤维化作用，效果与复方甘草酸苷片相当。     

强肝胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化的临床研究

目的：观察强肝胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化的疗效。方法：将104例非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化患者随机分为两组。对照组40例进行基础护肝治疗,治疗组64例在此基础上加用强肝胶囊治疗,疗程均为6个月,观察治疗前后的临床症状、肝功能、肝纤维化谱、肝脏B超、肝脏MR扩散加权成像及肝脏病理情况。结果：治疗组患者治疗前后比较,其临床症状缓解,肝功能恢复,肝纤维化谱、肝脏B超、肝脏MR扩散加权成像及肝脏病理均显示出肝脏纤维化程度明显减轻,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组与对照组治疗后比较肝纤维化程度明显改善,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：强肝胶囊不仅改善患者临床症状及肝功能,而且具有明显的改善肝脏纤维化程度的作用,是治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化的有效药物之一。     

辨证施治联合核苷（酸）类似物治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的初步评价

目的：观察辨证施治联合核苷（酸）类似物治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法：收集100例符合抗病毒治疗指征的慢性乙型肝炎患者,分为观察组与对照组,观察组患者采用中医中药联合核苷（酸）类似物治疗,对照组患者仅用核苷（酸）类似物治疗,定期观察其临床症状及肝功能、HBV DNA、肝纤维化等指标,疗程均为52周。结果：观察组与对照组相比,在改善临床症状、缩短肝功能复常时间、改善血清肝纤维化指标等方面差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;在HBV DNA转阴率、HBeAg血清转换率、病毒反跳率等方面,两组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论：联合用药能提高治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。     

阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗肝纤维化的临床观察

目的：观察阿德福韦酯联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗慢性乙型肝炎和代偿期肝硬化患者抗肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：120例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者随机分为阿德福韦酯与复方鳖甲软肝片联合治疗组及单用阿德福韦酯对照组，每月查肝功能等生化指标，每3个月检测HBV—M、HBVDNA，分别于治疗前和治疗12个月后用放射免疫法检测血清肝纤维化指标。结果：12个月后两组患者肝功能均明显恢复，两组比较差异无显著性意义；两组HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg／HBeAb血清转换率、HBV DNA阴转率差异均无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）；联合治疗组患者肝纤维化程度改善更明显（均P〈0．05）。结论：阿德福韦酯与复方鳖甲软肝片联合治疗组在抗肝纤维化程度方面优于单用阿德福韦酯组。     

阿德福韦酯胶囊联合肝复胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化疗效观察

[目的]观察阿德福韦酯胶囊联合肝复胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）肝纤维化的疗效。[方法]将67例CHB并发早期肝硬化患者随机分为治疗组（37例）和对照组（30例）,2组均给阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用肝复胶囊,疗程均为12个月,观察患者临床表现、生化指标、HBV-DNA、肝纤维化指标变化。[结果]治疗组临床症状、肝功能、肝纤维化指标的改善均优于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]阿德福韦酯胶囊联合肝复胶囊是治疗CHB肝纤维化安全有效的药物,且无明显不良反应。     

复方木鸡颗粒抗肝纤维化作用研究

目的：研究复方木鸡颗粒抗肝纤维化和降低甲胎蛋白（AFP）的作用。方法：选择63例肝纤维化、AFP增高的患者,随机分为复方木鸡颗粒（木鸡组）和复方鳖甲软肝片（鳖甲组）两组。木鸡组患者口服复方木鸡颗粒,10g/次,3次/d;鳖甲组患者口服复方鳖甲软肝片,4片/次,3次/d。疗程均为6个月。观察用药前后患者肝功能、透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、AFP变化。结果：治疗后两组患者肝功能和肝纤维化指标均有明显改善,木鸡组患者的白蛋白升高比鳖甲组更明显,差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）。治疗后鳖甲组患者AFP水平有所下降,而木鸡组患者AFP水平则明显下降,与治疗前比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论：复方木鸡颗粒有抗纤维化和降低AFP的作用,临床疗效优于复方鳖甲软肝片。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.